Empirical Analysis of Software Success Rate Forecasting During Requirement Engineering Processes

Forecasting on success or failure of software has become an interesting and,in fact,an essential task in the software development industry.In order to explore the latest data on successes and failures,this research focused on certain questions such as is early phase of the software development life cycle better than later phases in predicting software success and avoiding high rework?What human factors contribute to success or failure of a software?What software practices are used by the industry practitioners to achieve high quality of software in their day-to-day work?In order to conduct this empirical analysis a total of 104 practitioners were recruited to determine how human factors,misinterpretation,and miscommunication of requirements and decision-making processes play their roles in software success forecasting.We discussed a potential relationship between forecasting of software success or failure and the development processes.We noticed that experienced participants had more confidence in their practices and responded to the questionnaire in this empirical study,and they were more likely to rate software success forecasting linking to the development processes.Our analysis also shows that cognitive bias is the central human factor that negatively affects forecasting of software success rate.The results of this empirical study also validated that requirements’misinterpretation and miscommunication were themain causes behind software systems’failure.It has been seen that reliable,relevant,and trustworthy sources of information help in decision-making to predict software systems’success in the software industry.This empirical study highlights a need for other software practitioners to avoid such bias while working on software projects.Future investigation can be performed to identify the other human factors that may impact software systems’success.

Misinterpreted Figure in Hemingway’s“Indian Camp”-Doctor Adams

Since the publication of Hemingway’s“Indian Camp”in 1924,many scholars has considered Doctor Adams to be insensitive,cold-hearted,ethically immoral.Some others labeled him as a racist and a sexist.After a scrupulous and strenuous close reading together with extensive reviewing and analyzing of relevant references,the author of this paper finds that Uncle George has always been misinterpreted over the time.This paper aims to point out the misunderstanding,misinterpretation or even distortion in the previous researches,in an attempt to defend for Doctor Adams and put the record straight.

On the English Translations of “姐姐”(“jiejie”)and “妹妹”(“meimei”)Fictive Terms of Address in Honglou Meng

Based on a thorough case study of Yang's and Hawks' translations of the fictive kinship terms of address"姐姐/妹妹"in Honglou Meng, this paper analyzes the cultural and contextual connotations of the terms in the original, discusses comparatively the misinterpretations of the translations from target readers and explores the cultural orientations and translation strategies of the two versions, proposing that in translating these cultural-and-contextual-bound terms, translators should be bi-culturally conscious and take into account target readers' interpretation as well as make cultural compensations so as to bring out the exact people relations and retain contextual and cultural connotations.

The Misleading Use of “Enthalpy” in an Energy Conversion Analysis

The frequently used thermodynamic state quantity enthalpy H turns out to be very problematic when applied in an energy conversion analysis. Due to the fact that H combines two terms, the internal energy U and the product pV, the interpretation of what H means in physical terms is often obscure and leads to various misinterpretations. Several examples are given and interpreted twice,i.e.with and without referring to enthalpy.

Nay or Nyay 3： Epistemic Utility of Shadow of Ignorance that Obscures Mental Images and Associated States

Survival of organisms requires response to sense inputs and feedback. An intuitive picture or mental image of reality from sense experience is apparently structured from orthogonal and independent sense inputs in association with past memories. Such images are not necessarily visual but may have such qualities. Play of mind with information in mental images processed by molecular actors is guided with rules of reality to assure non-contradictory outcome of actions for successful behaviors （Rogers and Jain 1993）. Such functions have evolved to find food before becoming food, and fight or flight when in doubt. Shadows of ignorance that obscure mental images and associated states also have epistemic utility. Their success depends on learning from trials and errors to compensate for incomplete information and uncertainties with consideration of what could go wrong. Outcomes are also influenced by games played on mind by illusions, mistakes, surprises, ignorance. Loss of time, energy, and opportunity associated with ignored or misinterpreted information threaten survival. Equivocation, cynicism, wild goose chase, and vicious circle of sterile ideas encourage contradictory or inconsistent interpretations that compromise outcomes. Throughout the human history, ignorance of horsemen of apocalypse has unleashed havocs, perpetuated wars, epidemics, wrongful medical treatments, and economic disasters. What used to be crisis of ignorance has now become crisis of unintended consequences of inventions and other forms of knowledge. Ignorance of experts and head of states as horsemen of darkness brings misery to countless innocents. In Nay formalism, knowledge （gyan） is what knows with certainty （either as true or false）. Identifying uncertainties introduces doubt （syad） in what one knows. For finding ones way around lack of relevant evidence （agyan）, wisdom lies in recognition of ignorance and identifies problem to seek solution. Note that these states for propositions are not necessarily related by binary negations.

On the Interpretation of Fossil Nuclei

Although organelle preservation in plant fossils is not novel and well-preserved plant mesofossils have contributed greatly to the understanding of plant evolution, subcellular structures are still a rarity in plant mesofossils. Although it is not easy to explore subcellular structures in plant fossils, related attempts are frequently seen. Among them, some false interpretation requires further inspection. To shed more light on this issue, here I studied Cretaceous charcoalified mesofossils from USA, using LM (light microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) technologies. My conclusion shows that not all publications reflect the truthful existence of nuclei in plant fossils, and this study may provide a reference for the future research.

The Overseas Spread of English Translation of the Community With a Shared Future for Mankind

English translation pertaining to the idea of a community with shared future for mankind is improving in a proper way but still facing great challenges in today’s ever-changing global situation.To solve the trouble of misinterpretation and refine the spread of the idea,this research analyzes relevant literature to reflect on strategies for English translation.Reforming the educational,political and communicative environment,establishing zeitgeist-capturing and accessible translation in the Internet world,and applying trans-editing in diverse forms are three main strategies to improve the English translation of the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind.

A Study on the Influence of English Proficiency on English Learners’ Understanding of DO/SC Garden Path Sentence

Garden path sentence is a local ambiguity in language that reveals the characteristics of human language processing,so it have obtained the focus of linguistic research.This study use introspective multiple choice test and question-response test to explore whether there is a correlation between the ability to interpret DO/SC garden path sentence,the phenomenon of misinterpretation residue and Chinese learners’English proficiency.The result shows both groups exist garden path phenomenon,but influenced by their English level,there are significant differences in understanding target sentences and in the phenomenon of misinterpretation residue between the high and middle English level group.Therefore,efforts should be made to improve learners’English proficiency to avoid the garden path phenomenon in the future.