Survey on the Demand for Elderly Care Services of Community Residents in Beijing and Analysis of Influencing Factors

Objective: To investigate the current situation of the demand for geriatric care services of community residents in Beijing and analyze the influencing factors to provide a reference basis for meeting the demand for diversified and professional geriatric care services. Methods: A self-made questionnaire was used to randomly survey 1558 elderly individuals at community health service centers in 8 urban districts where elderly care centers were planned to be built. The influencing factors of the different characteristics of elderly care service needs from three aspects were analyzed using a dichotomous logistic regression model: predisposing, enabling, and, need factors. Results: 69.7% of the elderly required home care services, 22.8% wanted to get care services at elderly care centers, 15.9% wanted to get care services at nursing homes, 12.3% required community care services, and 7.4% didn’t know where to access care services. 68.5% of the elderly required care services for disabilities/semi-disabilities, 58.0% for dementia, 54.7% for common diseases, 34.9% for rehabilitation training, 33.0% for plumbing care, and 7.5% for hospice care. At the same time, there were urban- rural differences in the demand for elderly care services, with suburban elderly having a higher demand for care services than those living in urban areas (P < 0.05). The elderly’s demand for care services was mainly related to age, place of residence, and gender in the causative factors, mode of residence and physical condition among able factors, and mode of care services and care needs among need factors (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The demand for elderly care services was differentiated by factors including place of residence, age, and gender. It is crucial to accurately match the demand for elderly care services, innovate the mode of elderly care services, and improve the service quality to improve the elderly health service system.

The Study of Supply and Demand about Shanghai Community Home Care Service

As the Chinese traditional culture is depend on the family, community home care service is increasingly becoming the first choice of the elderly aged. At present, Shanghai is facing serious aging phenomenon, the contradiction between supply and demand has become more and more intensified. This paper will analyze the status of supply and demand about Shanghai community endowment services, and then identify the existing problems and reasons for the accordance in supply and demand on the base of analysis. Ultimately, this paper will raise suggestions about promoting the matching between supply and demand of Shanghai community home care service.

Study on Supply and Demand of Intelligent Home-based Aged Care in Shanghai

The 21st century is an era of aging population. With the accelerated aging of the population in our country, and the grim form of population aging, intelligent home-based care has become a concern for the elderly in the area of ？？care. This paper starts from the new concept of intelligent home-based care services and defines intelligent home care services. It also summarizes the current theoretical researches related to domestic research, which is of great significance for the investigation and research conducted in the later stage of research.

The Matching Status of Community Family-Care Service Supply and Demand in Shanghai

Shanghai has entered the depth of the current population aging stage, pure old home, and the empty nest family, lonely elderly people are gradually increasing, the elderly how to provide has become an issue concern in public society. However, with the developing of economic and society, the traditional family＇ s structure and function is gradually being weaken, and the traditional idea of raising children for old age is deeply rooted, elderly people are reluctant to leave their original place. So community family-care is becoming the main endowment way. However, there is a big problem in the quantity and quality of service which is supplied by community, the project that a lot of elderly people really needs, the community does not provide, and some projects are now offered to elderly people, the quality still can not fully to meet the needs of older persons. Those problems are urgently need to be solved. This study aims to know the current status of community family-care in Shanghai, starting from the needs of older persons to allocate the community resources rationally, further improve the quality of the pension service, protect the interests of the elderly.

供需视角下雨洪调节关键区识别及规划策略研究

雨洪调节服务供需测度对识别易涝区域、合理配置自然资源、优化雨洪安全格局具有重要意义。目前的研究多从供给或需求单一角度聚焦中心城区雨洪调节能力,而全域尺度雨洪调节服务供需测度实证研究较少,雨洪调节服务供需空间分布特征和影响供需平衡的关键驱动因子有待探究。以湖北省通城县为例,通过SCS-CN模型量化县域生态空间雨洪调节服务供给能力,利用洪水脆弱性指数评估社会经济对雨洪调节服务的需求水平,进而识别县域雨洪调节服务供需空间分布特征及失衡关键区域;结合斯皮尔曼相关系数分析和冗余分析,探究影响供需失衡的关键因子,并考虑人口密度和建设用地面积对雨洪调节服务供需的影响,从“宏观-中观-微观”3个尺度构建雨洪安全格局。研究结果表明:①县域内雨洪调节服务供需空间存在显著的分异情况,因此需要从整体角度构建和优化雨洪安全格局;②中心建成区是雨洪调节服务供需失衡最严重的区域,需要采取雨洪安全管控和修复措施;③县域内雨洪调节服务供需失衡的关键影响因子是人口密度,与雨洪灾害风险等级呈负相关。研究成果可为识别雨洪调节服务供需失衡区域以及优化国土空间规划体系下多尺度雨洪安全格局提供量化支持和依据。

智慧健康养老产业的现实需求与发展进路

智慧健康养老产业高质量发展是深入实施健康中国战略和积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的重要内容。基于智慧健康养老产业的供需分析框架,分析智慧健康养老产业的现实需求、供给现状,发现智慧健康养老产业供给不平衡、不充分,产业链环节衔接不当,智慧健康养老产品的数字鸿沟难以跨越,智慧健康养老服务的专业人才匮乏,政府和市场的协同合作机制不健全等。据此提出以需定供,提升产业供给质量;整合优势,构建稳定高效产业链;智享养老,推进数字无障碍建设;人才为本,夯实高素质专业队伍;协同发力,推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合等。

我国养老服务产业优化发展策略研究

我国正处在人口老龄化进程加速发展的关键期,对养老服务产业提出了庞大需求。文章探索养老服务产业发展的优化策略,为政府决策提供现实依据。通过实地调研、访谈等方式调查国内养老服务产业的需求和供给现状,查找养老服务产业发展过程中的难点,结合对美国、澳大利亚、日本和德国等国家养老服务产业的文献分析,总结其成功的经验。基于上述分析研究,提出增加制度供给引导行业有序发展、鼓励参与主体公平竞争、建立多渠道筹资机制、探索长期护理保险制度、完善养老服务服务人才培养体系、建立资格准入制度、搭建人才发展平台等方面提出具体对策。

社区中医养生保健服务能力提升策略研究

社区卫生服务中心是提升中医药服务水平、满足多元化就医需求和推动中医药参与居民养生保健的重要载体。文章通过实地调查、实证分析的方法,在山东省烟台市、东营市开展社区中医养生保健服务能力的调查。发现居民对健康管理和中医养生保健服务的整体认知水平有待提升,但随着中医药特色服务与宣教的开展,居民对保健养生和慢性病治疗等服务的需求旺盛;社区卫生服务中心开展中医养生保健服务存在供需失衡的现象;居民对中医养生保健服务的满意度较高。文章从做好中医药文化宣传与推广、增加社区中医养生保健服务项目供给、培养中医养生保健服务技术技能人员等3个方面提出具体举措,为提升社区卫生服务中心中医养生保健服务能力提供参考建议。

智慧赋能养老服务的驱动要素、转型逻辑、实践困境与对策

智慧赋能为传统养老服务面临的人力资源困境、服务碎片化、供需不匹配等问题提供了解决思路。科学技术是智慧赋能养老服务的关键要素,老年人认知是智慧赋能养老服务的基础要素,服务模式是智慧赋能养老服务的核心要素,三者共同驱动智慧赋能养老服务发展。在养老服务全过程中,供给侧推动、需求侧拉动、供需有效协同是智慧赋能养老服务的转型逻辑。在实践中,智慧赋能养老服务面临缺乏行业标准、适老化与护老化不足并存、需求与供给存在偏差、过渡路径尚未明确的困境。以驱动要素和转型逻辑为理论依据,聚焦实践困境,提出强化各主体责任、深度融合科学技术与人文关怀、持续提高供给广度、加强供给深度的对策与建议,最终达到智慧赋能养老服务高质量发展的目标。

能力约束与需求偏好:农村困难老人生活样态与养老服务优化路径研究——以蒙东林县为例

当前农村有限的养老资源主要限定在特困供养老人群体,还有一些因经济能力、身体机能和照料资源不足等因素面临生活困难的老人。如何补足农村困难老人养老服务供需缺口、优化农村困难老人养老服务模式,是积极应对老龄化的国家战略的应有之义。文章的研究对象在以特困人员为代表的特殊困难老人的基础上进行拓展,通过综合能力评估框架和需求层次评估体系对困难老人的生活样态进行全面剖析,进而基于供需适配的互动视角,从充分性、可及性、相适性和稳定性四个维度对当前农村养老服务与困难老人的关联性进行研究,提出供需协同视角下农村困难老人养老服务的优化路径。

城市化背景下景观格局对天津市生态系统服务供需匹配的影响

揭示城市化驱动下景观格局指数变化与生态系统服务供需匹配的交互关系,对于优化景观生态规划以及促进城市生态系统的可持续发展具有重要作用。以天津市为例,运用GIS空间分析、双变量空间自相关与随机森林回归等方法,评估了碳储量、生境质量与空气净化服务供需匹配度的空间分布特征,分析了景观格局指数沿城市化梯度的变化趋势,进而探讨了景观格局指数与生态系统服务供需匹配度的交互关系。结果表明:(1)天津市碳储量、生境质量与空气净化服务的供给和需求呈现出明显的空间错位关系,城市化综合发展水平对典型生态系统服务的供需匹配度具有显著负面影响;(2)景观水平上的景观格局指数沿城乡梯度呈现非线形的变化趋势,最大斑块指数、Shannon多样性指数以及斑块密度等多个指数在城市化综合发展水平20%—30%左右出现明显拐点;类型水平上的建设用地最大斑块指数与斑块内聚力指数等呈现增长态势,而林地与耕地的最大斑块指数等持续降低;(3)景观格局指数对生态系统服务供需匹配度的解释力度在类型水平上的贡献整体大于景观水平。研究结果可为天津市景观生态规划的管理与决策提供有益参考,有助于城市生态系统服务供需关系的协调与平衡。

用户体验视角下“互联网+”失能照护服务实施困境研究

目的从用户体验视角出发,揭示“互联网+”失能照护服务的实施困境,挖掘其影响因素,为制定针对失能老人的“互联网+”照护服务模式提供证据与指导。方法2022年12月—2023年6月,采用目的抽样法选取南京鼓楼医院、南京市栖霞区医院、幕府山社区卫生服务中心的16名失能老人及12名主要照护者为研究对象,进行半结构式访谈,基于供需适配理论分析框架对数据资料进行进一步分析提炼。结果共析出4个核心主题及下属9个亚主题:可达性因素(服务半径和时间、家庭经济承受能力、智能设备的“适老性”)、相关性因素(服务项目不全、服务供需匹配度较低)、质量因素(服务内容质量较低、服务人员专业性不足)、相适性因素(照护需求反馈渠道不畅、服务熟悉程度较低)。结论“互联网+”失能照护服务实施的影响因素复杂多样,照护服务供给者应从精准把握失能照护需求出发,不断优化供给过程,对影响供给效果的因素进行有效干预,有助于建立供需适配的“互联网+”失能照护服务模式。

人口结构变动下我国托育服务资源供需问题研究——基于2020—2035年人口变化趋势的分析

大力发展托育服务对缓解我国少子化、老龄化、区域人口增减分化等人口发展现实问题具有独特的价值。运用中国人口预测系统(CPPS),采用队列要素人口预测模型,对我国2020—2035年人口变化趋势进行预测分析,科学合理测算我国托育适龄人口供求潜力,可以有效地避免托育服务各项资源配置中短缺和浪费的现象。预测结果显示:我国托育照护服务各项资源需求量呈现快速下降的趋势,至2035年左右开始缓慢上升。就供需差异而言,我国托育服务供给与需求将长期处于供不应求的状态,供给缺口量较大。主要政策建议:应建立托育服务动态人口监测系统及资源匹配机制,准确把握托育服务资源供需差异;扩宽托育服务人力资源供给有效途径,破除托育服务发展瓶颈;完善托育服务经费保障机制体制,扩充托育服务投资主体。

宁波市社区养老服务供需现况调查

目的:研究宁波市社区养老服务供需现况,并分析问题和提出对策。方法:采用问卷现场调研宁波市8个社区的400名社区老年人。采用访谈法调研4家社区养老服务中心。结果:60~69岁社区老年人主要需要精神文化方面的养老服务,70~79岁社区老年人主要需要基本的医疗康复和安全保障,80岁及以上社区老年人主要需要生活照料和医疗康复服务。在是否愿意参加社区活动的调查中,有43%的社区老年人选择一般愿意。在社区养老服务满意度调查中,有53%的社区老年人选择基本满意。社区养老服务中心的服务供给情况显示,大部分社区养老服务中心可以提供生活照料和健康护理,但对精神慰藉和身心健康服务提供不足。结论:社区老年人轻度功能障碍者所占比例最大。不同年龄的社区老年人服务需求不同。同时,社区老年人对社区组织活动参与意愿不高,对提供的社区养老服务内容基本满意。因此,需要全面深入评估社区老年人的服务需求,并针对性地提高养老服务供给水平。

新生儿父母对新生儿健康成长及居家护理需求调查分析

目的:调查分析新生儿父母对新生儿健康成长及居家护理的需求,并探讨其影响因素,寻找供需差距,在此基础上提出建议。方法:选取2023年9月1日—10月31日枣庄市二级及以上医院产科出生的920名新生儿父母,采用新生儿父母对新生儿健康成长及居家护理需求问卷进行调查;采用便利抽样法抽取10名各级妇幼保健人员就服务提供情况进行半结构化访谈,对所得资料进行分析。共发放问卷920份,回收有效问卷902份,问卷有效回收率98.043%。结果:902名新生儿父母对新生儿健康成长及居家护理需求总得分为(120.98±10.78)分,百分比转化后得分80.653分,各维度得分均在75分以上。多元线性逐步回归分析显示:新生儿父母与新生儿的关系、年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入、新生儿胎次为新生儿父母对新生儿健康成长及居家护理需求的影响因素。基于各级妇幼保健人员视角的新生儿健康成长及居家护理供给可归纳为3个主题:提供服务、未能满足需求的事件、满足需求存在的困难。结论:新生儿父母对新生儿健康成长及居家护理需求较高,相关影响因素包含新生儿父母与新生儿的关系、新生儿父母年龄段、文化程度、家庭月收入、新生儿胎次。新生儿父母对新生儿健康成长及居家护理供需之间还存在一定的差距,而妇幼保健人员要满足新生儿父母对新生儿健康成长及居家护理需求工作中还存在一定的困难,基于此建议构建网格化服务体系,以满足新生儿父母需求,推进新生儿健康养育照护工作,提高新生儿保健水平。

供需匹配视角下社区康养服务的发展路径

在人口高龄化、失能化、慢性病化等趋势下,健康养老越发重要,构建老年人多层次、多样化的社区康养服务,对推进健康老龄化、康养服务业高质量发展具有重要意义。文章基于社区康养服务发展的疾病扩张、压缩假说与需求层次理论,分析了不同类型老年人的康养服务需求、社区康养服务供给现状、社区康养服务的供需失衡状况、社区康养服务的供需失衡原因,在此基础上探讨社区康养服务的发展路径,为优化社区康养服务、推进康养产业高质量发展提供理论依据与政策参考。

医养结合背景下南京市健康养老服务供需匹配实证研究

目的:考察当前南京市健康养老服务供需匹配情况,为构建供需适配的健康养老服务体系提供可行建议。方法:对南京市健康养老服务的供给和需求现状开展实地调研,对151份调查问卷数据进行统计分析,并建立健康养老服务供需匹配模型进行测算与分析。结果:数据统计与建模分析结果均显示,健康养老服务一级要素中生活照顾类、休闲娱乐类服务供需匹配度相对较高,精神慰藉类、中医药服务类供需匹配度较低;二级要素的匹配度差异较大,多数服务属于中度、低度匹配。结论:各类健康养老服务项目呈现不同程度的供不应求状态,尤其是二级要素服务之间存在一定的结构失衡和供需错配,对此应加强制度保障、健全医养结合需求评估机制、加强专业人才梯队建设、探索健康养老新模式,多措并举提升健康养老服务的供需匹配度。

Community-based elderly care services in China: an analysis based on the 2018 wave of the CLHLS Survey

Community-based elderly care services play an important role in dealing with popu-lation aging.Based data from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,we found that overall there was high demand for community-based elderly care services,but insufficient supply,resulting in unmet needs.The greatest demand was for medical care and nursing services and these were gener-ally more accessible compared to other services.The imbalance between available supply and elderly demand was greatest for personal care and psychological con-sulting services.Additionally,there were obvious imbalances of supply and demand for particular groups of the elderly population.In terms of demand,the young-old living in eastern and western China or urban areas had stronger demand for com-munity-based elderly care services.Elderly people with serious disabilities or low income,or living in rural areas and towns had more demand for home visit medical services,while the elderly with the ability to care for themselves or high incomes needed more social and entertainment services.With respect to inadequate supply,the demands for community-based elderly care services of the low-income elderly living in rural areas and towns or in western China were more likely to be unmet.Our results indicated that appropriate services should be provided by government agencies and institutions to meet the needs of various groups.It is also important to increase accessibility to community-based elderly care services as well as to guaran-tee an equitable distribution of supply.

上海机构养老服务发展问题研究

机构养老服务在积极应对人口老龄化国家战略中起重要作用。对照老年人机构养老服务需求的变化趋势,上海机构养老服务供给存在医疗护理服务的不足、中端养老机构的缺乏、空间配置的失衡、专业人才的缺失等四大问题,也是造成上海养老机构入住率不高的主要原因。针对上海机构养老服务供需结构性矛盾及原因,提出针对性建议。

老龄化背景下养老服务的需求与供给分析——以酒泉市为例

在人口老龄化趋势下,养老服务的需求量逐渐增大。通过对酒泉市老年人进行随机访问,发现一半以上的老年人产生养老服务需求的原因为“空巢老年人,避免给子女添麻烦”及“独居,无人照顾”,反映出养老服务业发展中仍存在许多问题。加强政府引导监督,丰富养老服务产品供给,积极完善养老服务市场,可以为推动我国养老服务业的发展提供参考。