Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

术中应用丝裂霉素C预防翼状胬肉术后复发的疗效观察

目的 :探讨丝裂霉素 (mitomycinC ,MMC)在翼状胬肉转移术中的应用及与MMC接触的眼表组织超微结构改变。方法 :将 5 7例 (6 2只眼 )原发性进行期翼状胬肉随机分为对照组和MMC组 ,对照组 2 8例 (30只眼 ) ,MMC组2 9例 (32只眼 )。对照组行单纯翼状胬肉转移术 ,MMC组术中局部放置饱含 0 4mg·ml-1MMC的棉片 1min。比较两组复发率及术后并发症。电镜观察并比较接触及未与MMC接触的眼表组织的超微结构。术后随访 (7 6± 3 4)月 (1～13个月 )。结果 :MMC组 2只眼 (6 3% )复发 ,对照组 11只眼 (36 7% )复发 (P <0 0 0 5 ) ,随访期间未见严重并发症。电镜观察到与MMC接触的眼表组织显示大多数纤维母细胞 (fibroblast,FB)的粗面内质网 (roughendoplasmicreticulum ,RER)扩张 ,其他细胞无明显改变 ,对照组无此改变。结论 :原发性翼状胬肉转移术中局部应用 0 4mg·ml-1MMC 1min ,是一种防止术后复发的安全、有效而又简单的方法。眼表组织接触 0 4mg·ml-1MMC 1min后 ,FB显示RER扩张。

抗CEA单克隆抗体导向治疗大肠癌的病理学研究

目的研究抗ＣＥＡ单克隆抗体丝裂霉素治疗大肠癌的病理学改变，以提高大肠癌综合治疗的疗效．方法大肠腺癌患者２０例，随机分成３组，分别进行化疗（ｉｖ丝裂霉素８ｍｇ），ｉｖ抗ＣＥＡ单克隆抗体－丝裂霉素（含丝裂霉素８ｍｇ）导向治疗以及顿服心得安１０ｍｇ＋ｉｖ抗ＣＥＡ单克隆抗体－丝裂霉素（含丝裂霉素８ｍｇ）导向治疗．其后３ｄ对所有患者均行手术切取标本进行病理组织学观察，ＡｇＮＯＲ检测及肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞计数．结果①病理退变程度：化疗组有效率为７１４％，抗ＣＥＡ单克隆抗体－丝裂霉素组有效率为８５７％，顿服心得安＋抗ＣＥＡ单克隆抗体－丝裂霉素组为８３３％，３组各组间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）．②ＡｇＮＯＲ检测：抗ＣＥＡ单克隆抗体－丝裂霉素组与化疗组之间癌细胞ＡｇＮＯＲ／核均数其差异有显著性（ｔ’＝２７０，Ｐ＜００５）；顿服心得安＋抗ＣＥＡ单克隆抗体－丝裂霉素组与化疗组比较，癌细胞ＡｇＮＯＲ／核均数其差异也有显著性（ｔ’＝３２０，Ｐ＜００５）；两导向治疗组之间癌细胞ＡｇＮＯＲ／核均数其差异无显著性（Ｐ＞００５）．③肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞计数：各组中Ｔ细胞ＣＤ＋３与Ｂ细胞ＣＤ＋２０之间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００１）；?

准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术中应用丝裂霉素C预防角膜上皮下雾状混浊形成的meta分析

目的：探讨在准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（PRK）中应用丝裂霉素C对抑制角膜上皮下雾状混浊（haze）形成的效果。方法：检索Medline、OVID医学期刊全文数据库、中国学术期刊全文库、万方数据资源系统收录的1995年4月-2005年4月10年发表的关于丝裂霉素C与PRK相关的对照研究，并辅以手工检索。结果：共纳入2项随机对照试验，异质性Q检验无统计学差异（χ^2=0．17，df=1，P=0．68）。2项研究的OR值分别为0．17[95％CI0．05～0．533、0．10[95％CI0．01～0．853；合并OR值为0．14[95％CI0．05～0．403，与对照组比较差异有显著性（Z=3．75，P=0．0002）。结论：PRK术中局部应用0．02％丝裂霉素C可以明显减少高度近视眼术后的haze形成。

TNP-470和MMC联合应用对鼠结肠癌生长和肝转移的作用

目的 :研究 O- (氨乙酰 -氨甲酰基 )烟曲霉醇 (TNP- 4 70 )和丝裂霉素 (MMC)联合应用对结肠癌生长和肝转移的抑制作用。方法 :建立裸鼠结肠癌的原位生长和肝转移模型 ,随机分为对照组、TNP- 4 70组、MMC组及联合用药组 (TNP- 4 70 +MMC)。结果 :4个组瘤重分别为 (4 99± 2 4 7)、 (4 78± 180 )、 (2 75± 80 )和(2 5 5± 6 5 ) mg,肝转移率分别为 87.5 %、 2 5 .0 %、 75 .0 %和 12 .5 % ,与对照组比较联合用药组抑制作用最明显(P<0 .0 1) ,且治疗后各组裸鼠活动良好 ,无明显体重减轻。结论 :TNP- 4 70与 MMC联合应用对结肠癌的生长及肝转移的抑制有协同作用 ,且未加重 TNP- 4 70引起的体重减轻等毒副作用。

自体角膜缘干细胞移植联合丝裂霉素对胬肉术后复发的影响

目的探讨显微镜下翼状胬肉切除加自体角膜缘干细胞移植联合丝裂霉素棉片使用与传统显微镜下单纯翼状胬肉切除术后疗效差异。方法 39例患者(46只眼)单纯翼状胬肉患者,随机分2组:单纯切除组23只眼使用显微镜下进行单纯翼状胬肉切除;联合手术组23只眼在手术显微镜下切除胬肉组织后0.02%丝裂霉素处理,取带有角膜缘干细胞的结膜瓣移植。术后随访12个月,观察胬肉复发情况。结果按胬肉术后的4种状态评定:联合手术组有2例复发,单纯切除组有8例复发。结论自体角膜缘干细胞移植加丝裂霉素手术与单纯胬肉切除术比较有明显的低复发率。

温热与丝裂霉素－C联合对胃腺癌（SGC－7901）细胞的作用

本实验以体外培养人胃腺癌细胞系（ＳＧＣ－７９０１）为实验模型，选用丝裂霉素－Ｃ（ＭＭＣ－Ｃ），采用水浴加温法对细胞的生长抑制及杀伤规律进行了观察。表明：（１）温热、ＭＭＣ－Ｃ对ＳＧＣ－７９０１细胞均有一定的抑制增殖和直接杀伤作用；温热与药物联合应用具有协同抑制增殖和杀伤细胞的作用。（２）温热和ＭＭＣ－Ｃ联合对ＳＧＣ－７９０１细胞的的杀伤和生长抑制作用均较温热或药物单独作用强，但序贯方面以热药同时为佳。（３）温热４Ｏ℃细胞爆发性生长，表明单纯加热低于４２℃是不适宜的。（４）４２℃加热１ｈ与适宜的化疗药联合是可以达到有效治疗目的的。

浅表性膀胱肿瘤术后卡介苗、丝裂霉素、吡柔吡星膀胱灌注疗效及副作用的临床观察

目的探讨丝裂霉素（MMC）、卡介苗（BCG）和吡柔吡星（THP）膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱肿瘤术后复发的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析我院1997年1月1日至2006年3月1日采用三种方式治疗的浅表性膀胱肿瘤225例资料，其中采用BEG 53例、MMC 103例和THP 69例。每组按既定方案膀胱灌注治疗，总疗程2年，术后平均随访时间（11．8±6．93）个月。结果三种治疗的复发率分别为MMC 58．25％、BEG 38．64％和THP 18．46％，三者之间差异有统计学意义（χ^2=26．160，P〈0．05）。不良反应主要表现为膀胱刺激症状和血尿，BEG的不良反应发生率最高，其中9例症状严重放弃治疗。MMC组副作用最少，但是复发率最高。THP组有4例因为严重血尿而中断治疗，其余患者均完成治疗。结论吡柔吡星预防膀胱癌术后复发的疗效满意，患者耐受性好，副作用少，但要注意其严重血尿不良反应。卡介苗膀胱内灌注复发率其次，但膀胱刺激症状明显，有时可引起高热等全身症状，选择病例需谨慎。丝裂霉素复发率最高，但其副作用较少。联合药物膀胱灌注是将来发展趋势。

丝裂霉素C对兔准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术后角膜haze形成的影响

目的探讨丝裂霉素C(MMC)对兔准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)后角膜雾状混浊(haze)的影响。方法对27只青紫兰兔双眼行LASEK手术,术后54眼随机分为3组,即0·02%MMC治疗组(18眼)、0·1%氟米龙治疗组(18眼)和空白对照组(18眼)。术后用裂隙灯显微镜观察角膜haze的形成情况;分别于1周、1月、2月取兔眼角膜,行光镜和透射电镜检查。结果术后1周、1月、2月,丝裂霉素C组角膜haze明显轻于对照组(P<0·05),MMC组术区前部基质内角膜成纤维细胞数较对照组和氟米龙组少(P<0·05),后两组间差异无显著性(P>0·05),三组间角膜上皮愈合时间差异无显著性(P>0·05)。结论LASEK术后MMC可抑制角膜基质成纤维细胞的增生及胶原纤维的合成,减少haze的形成,且无明显副作用,是一种有效抑制haze形成的药物。