Thirty-day Outcomes of First-in-man Implantation of a Novel Transcatheter Edge-to-edge Mitral Repair System in Patients With Severe Mitral Regurgitation

Objectives:The aim of this multicenter,prospective,single-arm pilot study(ClinicalTrials.gov number:NCT05040074)was to observe the procedural and 30-day results of the novel transcatheter mitral valve repair system,SQ-Kyrin■-M Clip(Shenqi Medical,Shanghai,China),in patients with severe mitral regurgitation(MR).Methods:The heart team considered patients from 5 centers in China with clinically significant functional mitral regurgitation≥3+despite optimal medical therapy or degenerative mitral regurgitation≥3+with high surgical risk as candidates for transcatheter repair.All patients received transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair under general anesthesia.The primary outcome was technical success,which included all of the following measured at the exit from the catheterization laboratory:(1)absence of procedural mortality;(2)successful access,delivery,and retrieval of the device delivery system;(3)successful deployment and correct positioning of the frst intended device;and(4)no emergency surgery or reintervention related to the device or access procedure.The secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality,serious adverse events,device success,and procedural success 30 d after the intervention.Results:From June 2021 to December 2021,18 patients were enrolled in this study with age(75.7±7.4)years.Fifteen patients had MR 4+,while 3 had MR 3+.Technical success was achieved in all patients,including 6 degenerative mitral regurgitation and 12 functional mitral regurgitation patients.There was no all-cause mortality at 30 d.One patient had single leaflet device attachment within 30 d,which was regarded as a serious adverse event,and the patient was successfully treated with reintervention by implanting another clip.Another patient's transmitral gradient was 6 mmHg(>5 mmHg),with an effective orifice area of 2.57 cm^(2) after the procedure.Sixteen patients had device success and procedural success at 30 d postoperation.Fourteen patients had MR 1+,3 had MR 2+,and only 1 patient had MR 3+30 d after the procedure.Conclusions:The results of this feasibility study showed the efficacy and safety of the SQ-Kyrin■-M device in the Chinese population with severe MR,laying a solid foundation for a subsequent large-scale confirmatory study.

Role of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in mitral valve repair

Background and objective Pre-operative assessment of mitral valve (MV) anatomy is essential to surgical design in patients undergoing MV repair.Although 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiography provides precise information regarding MV anatomy,RT-3D TEE could increase the understanding of MV apparatus and individual scallop identification.We aimed to investigate the value of RT- 3DTEE in MV repair.Methods RT-3DTEE was performed in six patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) by using Philips 1E33 with X7-2t probe.Preoperative RT-3DTEE studies were compared with surgical findings in patients undergoing surgical mitral valve repair,and quantitative evaluation was performed by QLab 6.0 software before and after surgical mitral valve repair.Results RT- 3DTEE could display dynamic morphology of MV,the location of prolapse,and spatial relation to the surrounding tissue.It could provide surgical views of the valves and the valvular apparatus.These results were consistent with surgical findings.The quantitative evaluation before and after surgical MV repair indicated that anterolateral to posteromedial diameter of annulus,anterior to posterior diameter of annulus,perimeter of annulus,and area of annulus in projection plane were significantly smaller after operation compared with those before operation (P【0.05).The length of posterior leaflet,the area of anterior and posterior leaflet,the maximal prolapse height,the volume of leaflet prolapse and the length of coaptation in projection plane were significantly reduced after operation (P【0. 05).Conclusion RT-3DTEE is a unique new modality for rapid and accurate evaluation ofmitral valve prolapse and mitral valve repair.

The first two cases of transcatheter mitral valve repair with ARTO system in Asia

BACKGROUND:MAVERIC(Mitral Valve Repair Clinical Trial)validates the safety and effi cacy of the ARTO system.We here report the fi rst two successful cases of utilizing the ARTO system in patients with symptomatic heart failure(HF)with functional mitral regurgitation(FMR)in Asia.METHODS:Two patients,aged 70 and 63,had severe HF with FMR.Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed that the left ventricular ejection fractions were less than 50%with severe mitral regurgitation(MR)in both patients.Optimizing drug treatment could not mitigate their symptoms.Therefore,we used the ARTO system to repair the mitral valve for these patients on March 5 and 6,2019,respectively.RESULTS:Mitral valve repairs using the ARTO system were successfully performed under general anaesthesia for these two patients.MR was decreased immediately after the procedures in both patients.The 30-day and 3-month transthoracic echocardiography(TTE)revealed a moderate to severe MR in both patients,and the New York Heart Association(NYHA)scales were also partially improved.CONCLUSION:The first two cases in Asia indicate that the ARTO system is feasible for patients with heart failure with FMR,and the patient selection appears to be crucial.

One-year outcome of percutaneous mitral valve repair in patients with severe symptomatic mitral valve regurgitation

AIM To investigate one-year outcomes after percutaneous mitral valve repair with Mitra Clip~? in patients with severe mitral regurgitation(MR). METHODS Our study investigated consecutive patients with symptomatic severe MR who underwent Mitra Clip~?implantation at the University Hospital Bergmannsheil from 2012 to 2014. The primary study end-point was all-cause mortality. Secondary end-points were degree of MR and functional status after percutaneous mitral valve repair.RESULTS The study population consisted of 46 consecutive patients(mean logistic Euro SCORE 32% ± 21%). The degree of MR decreased significantly(severe MR before Mitra Clip~? 100% vs after Mitra Clip~? 13%; P < 0.001),and the NYHA functional classes improved(NYHA III/IV before Mitra Clip~? 98% vs after Mitra Clip~? 35%; P < 0.001). The mortality rates 30 d and one year after percutaneous mitral valve repair were 4.3% and 19.5%,respectively. During the follow-up of 473 ± 274 d,11 patients died(90% due to cardiovascular death). A preprocedural plasma B-type natriuretic peptide level > 817 pg/m L was associated with all-cause mortality(hazard ratio,6.074; 95%CI: 1.257-29.239; P = 0.012).CONCLUSION Percutaneous mitral valve repair with Mitra Clip~? has positive effects on hemodynamics and symptoms. Despite the study patients' multiple comorbidities and extremely high operative risk,one-year outcomes after Mitra Clip~? are favorable. Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide levels indicate poorer mid-term survival.

Midterm Results of Leaflet Augmentation in Mitral Valve Repairin Rheumatic Valves Experience in One Center

Patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) should undergo surgery when they present symptoms or if asymptomatic when there is objective evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. In this work, we analyze the midterm results of leaflet augmentation in mitral valve repair of rheumatic valves with gluteraldehyde preserved autologous pericardium. Patients and Methods: In our department 48 patients were exposed to mitral valve repair by leaflet augmentation either anterior or posterior beside other technique and all patients supported by flexible annuloplasty ring and followed for five years clinically and by echocardiography. Results: Age of the patients ranging from 12 to 47 years, mean age 25.9 ± 8.9 and there were 12 males (25%) and 36 females (75%) with male to female ratio of 1:3. All patients presented with shortness of breath (100%);with 14 patients were in NYHA class III (29.17%) and 34 patients were in NYHA class IV (70.83%). During follow-up period 5 patients needed reoperation by valve replacement, causes of reoperation were restrictive valve motion in one patient, left atrial thrombus in 1 patient and sever mitral regurgitation in 3 patients. Freedom from reoperation was 87.5%. At 5 years, (92.9%) were in New York Heart Association functional class I, three patients (7.1%) were in class II. Echocardiography at follow-up showed satisfactory mitral valve function. Conclusion: leaflet augmentation is a simple and reproducible method of valve repair for rheumatic MR with good midterm result.

Impact of Mitral Valve Repair in Patients with End-Stage Congestive Heart Failure

Objective: The utility of mitral valve repair in patients with Mitral Regurgitation (MR) and advanced CHF remains controversial. Methods: 37 patients with MR and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) 25% as well as patients with LVIDd Results: Operative mortality was 0% for the group. There were significant reductions in NYHA Class (p = 0.0004), mitral regurgitation (p 25%. There were no significant differences in cardiac outcome changes between patients with LVIDd 25%, and between patients with LVIDd Conclusions: MV repair in patients with low LVEF and MR can be performed safely, with significant improvement in LVEF and symptom profile. No survival difference were noted between those patients with severely depressed LVEF or those with elevated ventricular dimensions (LVIDd) when compared to those with less severe but still significant cardiac impairment. Consideration should be given to these patients as an option prior to transplantation.

“A Prospective Randomized Case-Control Study To Evaluate Mini Right Thoracotomy versus Conventional Sternotomy For Mitral Valve Repair In Rheumatic Heart Disease.”

Purpose: Right mini thoracotomy has been evaluated in many studies for mitral valve repair mainly in degenerative valvular disease but not in rheumatic heart disease. Mitral valve repair is more challenging in rheumatic etiology due to complexity of lesions. This prospective randomized case control study was designed to evaluate repair through mini right thoracotomy and to compare the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes with sternotomy in rheumatic patients. Methods: 25 patients of rheumatic heart disease underwent mitral valve repair through mini right thoracotomy (group I). Various clinical and functional parameters were compared with 25 patients of mitral valve repair through sternotomy (group II). On follow up the results were compared in both groups for clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Results: The various pre-operative demographic parameters were comparable in two groups. Equal rate of mitral valve repair (group I-21/25, 84% and group II-21/25, 84%) was achieved in both groups. The various intra-operative and post-operative clinical parameters were better in group I .There were equivalent functional and valve related outcomes in both groups in term of NYHA class (1.28 ± 0.613 vs 1.08 ± 0.276, P = 0.144), post-operative mitral valve area (2.43 ± 0.891 vs 2.82 ± 0.662, P = 0.090), incidence of more than mild mitral regurgitation (0) and mean pressure gradient across mitral valve (4.98 ± 3.33 vs 4.23 ± 1.5, P = 0.309). Conclusion: Mitral valve repair through mini right thoracotomy approach in rheumatic etiology is feasible and safe with equivalent rate of successful repair as compared to median sternotomy. It is associated with lesser morbidity, cosmetic advantage and lesser resource utilization.

Mitral Valve Repair with Artificial Chordae for Posterior Leaflet Disease

Background: Recently, the concept of “Respect rather than resect” has been proposed in an attempt to restore mitral valve function. We investigated the results of mitral valve repair for posterior leaflet disease. Methods: Between April 2008 and July 2017, mitral valve repair was performed in 78 cases at our facility. Among them, 37 cases were analyzed. We divided patients into three groups according to the repair techniques used: artificial chordae technique, which uses the anchoring-technique and measured tube technique (Group A, 23 cases), resection and suture technique (Group R, 10 cases), and artificial chordae together with resection and suture technique (Group AR, 4 cases), and compared their postoperative outcomes. Results: Residual postoperative mitral regurgitation (MR) grade in groups A, R and AR at discharge were 0.3 ± 0.4, 0.8 ± 0.9 and 0.0 ± 0.0 (p = 0.07), respectively. Mitral valve areas (cm2) in groups A, R and AR were 3.2 ± 0.6, 2.9 ± 0.6 and 3.0 ± 0.6 (p = 0.47), respectively. Freedom from severe MR at 5 years postoperatively was seen in 91.7%, 90% and 100% (p = 0.92) in groups A, R and AR, respectively. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in postoperative outcomes, as assessed echocardiographically, between the artificial chordae technique and resection and suture technique. The results of all repair techniques were satisfactory.

Mitral Valve Repair for Mitral Valve Regurgitation with Papillary Muscle Displacement and Posterior Leaflet Prolapse

A case of abnormal chordae of the mitral valve (MV) associated with systolic anterior motion (SAM) is not commonly encountered in clinical practice. Here we report MV repair via the edge-to-edge technique in a 56-year-old male with MV regurgitation associated with papillary muscle displacement and posterior leaflet prolapse. Echocardiography revealed obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract caused by SAM because of papillary muscle displacement and mitral regurgitation associated with posterior leaflet prolapse due to chordae rupture. MV repair was successfully performed by reconstruction with an Alfieri stitch. The outcome of this case demonstrated that this surgical technique is preferable for MV abnormalities with no complex malformations.

Application of real-time 3d echocardiography in mitral valve repair for replacement of chordae tendineae

Objective To investigate the surgical technique and outcomes of replacement of chordae tendineae in mitral valve repair,and evaluate the value of real-time three-di-mensional transesophageal echocardiography in the perioperative period. Methods Thirty-one patients with mitral valve prolapse underwent mitral valve repair using chordae tendineae replacement concomitant with implantation

右心室功能障碍预测原发性二尖瓣反流经导管二尖瓣修复术后疗效的临床价值

目的:探讨右心室功能障碍(right ventricular dysfunction,RVD)预测原发性二尖瓣反流(mitral regurgitation,MR)经导管二尖瓣修复术(transcatheter mitral valve repair,TMVR)后疗效的临床价值。方法:选取2019年3月至2021年5月在我院就诊的60例症状性MR患者作为研究对象,根据CMR中右心室射血分数(right ventricular ejection fraction,RVEF)是否低于45%,分为MR+RVD组(n=25)及单纯MR组(n=35)。探讨RVD对预测MR患者术后死亡和再入院的价值。结果:16例患者(26.7%)显示右心室扩张。随访期间,14例患者全因死亡(23.3%),20例(33.3%)患者因心力衰竭等原因再次入院。根据受试者工作特征曲线,RVEF预测死亡和再入院的最佳截断值分别为34.6%和44.9%。MR患者中左右心室舒收缩期容积指数、左右心室每搏量指数、LVEF与REVF均呈正相关性(r=0.420、0.490、0.447,P<0.05)。RVEF与肺动脉收缩压呈负相关(r=-0.292,P=0.028)。Cox模型结果显示调整左心室参数后,RVD也可预测再入院风险和全因死亡风险(P<0.05)。与单纯MR组患者相比,MR+RVD组患者的再入院时间和全因死亡时间缩短(P<0.05)。结论:即使在有效的TMVR之后,术前RVD也与不良预后相关。同时出现RVD、右心室扩张和肺动脉高压的患者队列显示出更高的全因死亡率。

二尖瓣钳夹术后发生后负荷不匹配的危险因素分析

目的 探讨二尖瓣钳夹术(MitraClip)后发生后负荷不匹配(AM)的相关危险因素,以早期评估手术风险。方法 本研究为回顾性队列研究,纳入2021年12月至2023年12月在中山大学附属第一医院心血管内科住院的48例因重度二尖瓣反流(MR)行MitraClip手术患者。收集手术患者术前的临床资料、实验室检查、以及术前和术后的彩色多普勒超声心动图检查结果。根据是否发生AM[患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)术后相较于术前减少15%及以上,即dLVEF≤–15%]将患者分为AM组和非AM组。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析MitraClip术患者发生术后AM的相关因素。结果 在48例接受了MitraClip手术的患者中,有14例(29.2%)在术后发生了AM,即AM组。非AM组其整体LVEF较术前有所提高,差异无统计学意义,而AM组较术前有所降低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.019);无论是AM组还是非AM组,患者整体的左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVi)均较术前减小,但差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,C反应蛋白(OR 1.98,95%CI 1.02~3.83)、血小板计数(OR 2.22,95%CI 1.08~4.53)、全身免疫炎症指数(OR 1.96,95%CI 1.03~3.71)与MitraClip手术患者发生AM风险增高相关(均P<0.05),而术前右心房内径较大(OR 0.35,95%CI 0.13~0.93)、合并中重度三尖瓣反流(OR 0.19,95%CI0.05~0.81)的患者,术后发生AM的风险更低(均P<0.05),且在矫正了年龄及性别变量后,这种相关性依然存在。结论 C反应蛋白、血小板水平、全身免疫炎症指数升高与MitraClip手术患者发生AM风险增高相关,而术前右心房内径较大、合并中重度三尖瓣反流的患者,术后发生AM的风险更低。

思维导图在老年患者经导管二尖瓣缘对缘修复术后自我管理模式中的应用研究

目的探讨思维导图在老年患者经导管二尖瓣缘对缘修复术(mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair,M-TEER)后自我管理中的应用效果。方法取2021年8月至2022年10月在南京医科大学附属南京医院行M-TEER术的患者作为研究对象,采用信封隐匿法共纳入数据分析样本66例,其中研究组和对照组各33例。对照组进行常规健康教育,研究组应用多学科专科护士设计的思维导图指导责任护士对患者进行宣教。结果研究组患者术后用药依从性与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),即研究组患者在按时服药、坚持服药及遵医嘱服药等方面的依从性均高于对照组。研究组术后心功能指标中6 min步行试验与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的术后生活质量评价与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),即研究组患者的日常生活能力、衰弱程度、社会支持度和术后1年内因心衰住院发生率均优于对照组。结论在M-TEER后老年患者的自我管理中应用思维导图可有效提高患者出院后的用药依从性,从而提高患者的生活质量,降低患者因心衰住院的发生率。

经导管缘对缘修复二尖瓣的体外流体力学性能评价

目的建立一套适用于离体二尖瓣体外测试的方法,定量评价国产经导管缘对缘修复术(TEER)对功能性二尖瓣反流(FMR;非A2-P2反流)的修复效果。方法本研究通过对离体猪二尖瓣瓣环扩张和乳头肌非对称移位建立模拟真实解剖结构的FMR病理模型(非A2-P2反流)。使用离体二尖瓣脉动流测试系统,测试6个FMR病理瓣膜经国产TEER器械修复前、后,不同生理和病理条件下的流体力学特征。结果病理瓣膜由修复前的中-重度及重度反流下降到修复后的轻度及轻-中度反流[反流分数(60.2±17.5)%比(34.7±12.0)%,P<0.001],差异有统计学意义。表征瓣膜正向流性能的EOA[(3.8±1.6)cm^(2)比(2.2±0.5)cm^(2),P<0.001]和正向跨瓣压差[(1.8±1.3)mmHg比(3.8±1.8)mmHg,P<0.001]修复前、后比较,差异均有统计学意义。修复带来一定程度上的瓣膜狭窄,有效孔口面积降低约40%,正向跨瓣压差升高约110%,但瓣膜正向流性能仍处于正常生理范围内,未造成医源性狭窄。结论证实国产TEER器械对于治疗FMR(非A2-P2反流)具有良好的修复效果。本研究为TEER器械的设计、优化及可靠性和有效性的验证、评价提供了全面的数据和有效的测试方法,同时也为该类产品测试相关标准的制订提供了可参考的资料。

经导管二尖瓣缘对缘修复治疗二尖瓣脱垂伴裂隙1例

二尖瓣脱垂是引起二尖瓣反流的常见原因之一,对于解剖条件合适的病例可通过经导管缘对缘修复手术治疗。二尖瓣脱垂合并裂隙的患者较少见,通常需要进行外科二尖瓣修复或者二尖瓣置换。本文报道1例通过二尖瓣缘对缘修复术治疗二尖瓣脱垂伴后叶裂隙病例,以期为类似的病例提供借鉴。

二尖瓣后叶折叠修复技术10年临床效果总结

目的评价二尖瓣后叶折叠修复技术在治疗退行性二尖瓣关不全时的远期效果。方法回顾2010年1月至2019年12月于我中心由单一术者进行退行性二尖瓣修复的患者共1537例。经纳排标准筛选终入组207例。回顾患者术前超声资料,术中二尖瓣修复技术随访观察患者远期治疗效果。终点事件包括患者死亡情况,二尖瓣反流复查中度以上和再手术情况。结果207例患者均修复成功。出院时超声心动提示二尖瓣反流202例为轻度以下,5例为轻度。住院期间1例患者因原发性脑梗塞伴脑出血死亡。平均随访5.3年,随访过程中5例(2.43%)患者死亡,心脏相关死亡3例。12例中度以上反流,其中8例中度,4例重度,再手术患者3例。10年累计免于终点事件发生率为(84.99±3.83)%;10年生存率为(94.33±2.73)%;10年免于中度以上反流复发及再手术率为(90.4±2.9)%。结论二尖瓣后叶折叠是一种简单、可反复操作且治疗有效的修复技术,能够提供良好的远期效果。

三步标准化儿童二尖瓣成形手术在儿童容量负荷型二尖瓣反流中的应用

目的:探索儿童容量负荷型二尖瓣反流的最佳外科成形策略。方法:回顾2020年4月至2022年3月期间在中国医学科学院阜外医院接受初次二尖瓣成形术的110例容量负荷型二尖瓣反流患者,平均年龄(14.5±15.1)个月,男性42例(38.2%)。其中69例患者接受三步标准化儿童二尖瓣成形手术(标准化组),41例患者接受单纯瓣环环缩术(单纯环缩组)。倾向性评分匹配后,共纳入38对患者。比较两组主要终点事件(二尖瓣功能衰竭和术后心力衰竭)发生率。结果:在26.3(19.8,32.9)个月的电话随访及11.9(7.5,14.8)个月的超声心动图随访期间未发生全因死亡,共有1例(0.8%)患者发生院内计划外的二次成形手术,7例患者(单纯环缩组:标准化组=3:4)在术后6个月及以后的超声心动图随访提示中到大量二尖瓣反流复发,9例患者(单纯环缩组:标准化组=5:4)出院1个月后超声心动图提示心力衰竭,两组间差异无统计学意义。倾向性评分匹配后,标准化组体外循环时间[113(90,132)min vs.90(77,114)min]和主动脉阻断时间[80(61,92)min vs.62(49,83)min]均显著长于单纯环缩组(P均<0.05),其余结果差异均无统计学意义。基于年龄进行亚组分析,<1岁患者标准化组主要终点事件发生率(8.2%vs.26.9%P=0.041)和术后心力衰竭发生率(4.1%vs.19.2%,P=0.045)均显著低于单纯环缩组,且单纯环缩组术后末次超声心动图随访提示平均左心室舒张末期内径标准分数(LVEDD Z值)仍>2。结论:三步标准化儿童二尖瓣成形手术患者围术期恢复和术后转归并不劣于单纯瓣环环缩术患者;而对于<1岁的容量负荷型二尖瓣反流患者,该术式术后心力衰竭和主要终点发生率更低,更具推广意义。

不同病因二尖瓣反流经导管缘对缘修复术后心脏逆重构分析和超声心动图应用经验

目的:评估二尖瓣经导管缘对缘修复术(TEER)对功能性和退行性中重度二尖瓣反流患者术后6个月的瓣膜功能、心脏逆重构和心功能变化情况,并总结超声心动图应用经验。方法:回顾性分析2022年7月至2023年2月在云南省阜外心血管病医院接受二尖瓣TEER且完成6个月随访的93例中重度二尖瓣反流患者的超声心动图资料。根据病因将患者分为功能性二尖瓣反流(FMR)组和退行性二尖瓣反流(DMR)组。比较两组患者的瓣膜特征参数、术前和术后6个月的瓣膜功能、心腔容积和心功能指标。评估手术疗效,并总结超声心动图应用经验。结果:93例患者中,FMR患者71例,DMR患者22例。与FMR组比,DMR组患者二尖瓣前叶长度较短,对合缘高度较低,对合深度较浅,瓣叶栓系比例较低,瓣环内外径较短,左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)较小,左心室射血分数(LVEF)较高、左心室整体纵向应变(GLS)绝对值较高(P均<0.05)。所有患者术后6个月二尖瓣反流分级、NYHA心功能分级较术前均显著改善(P均<0.05),二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差较术前有所升高(P<0.05)。其中,FMR组术后LVEDV、LVESV、左心房容积指数(LAVI)较术前均显著降低(P均<0.05),而DMR组术后左心室和左心房容积较术前差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),观察期间两组患者LVEF和左心室GLS差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与FMR组相比,DMR组患者手术前后ΔLVEDV、ΔLVESV的绝对值均较小(P均<0.05)。结论:对于不同病因的中重度二尖瓣反流患者,二尖瓣TEER均可有效降低患者术后早期反流程度并改善心功能。FMR与DMR患者在术前瓣膜结构和术后心脏逆重构方面存在差异。在二尖瓣TEER的全流程中,超声心动图是重要的影像学评估及监测手段。

实时三维超声在功能性二尖瓣反流中的研究进展

二尖瓣反流是常见的瓣膜疾病,其中以功能性二尖瓣反流(functional mitral regurgitation,FMR)更为常见。超声心动图在对二尖瓣病变的评估中,仍是首选的成像方式,在功能性二尖瓣反流患者的诊断、监测和治疗中起着至关重要的作用。经食道实时三维超声心动图(real-time three-dimensional echocardiography,RT3DE)不仅可以实时动态术中监测,脱机后结合相关定量软件,可对FMR瓣环瓣叶参数进行详细评估,有助于认识FMR病变的机制及其动力学变化,也可为二尖瓣修复提供术前指导。本文就实时三维超声心动图在功能性二尖瓣反流疾病中的研究进展做一综述。

重度主动脉瓣狭窄合并二尖瓣反流的诊治现状

重度主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)合并二尖瓣反流(MR)并不少见。目前经导管主动脉瓣置换术已成为重度AS的主要治疗方式,经导管二尖瓣置换/修复用于治疗MR的技术也日趋成熟。重度AS合并MR这一群体逐渐受到关注,了解这类患者的病理生理改变、AS解除后MR的变化及其对预后的影响,有助于合理地选择治疗方案。