Influences of Mixed Traffic Flow and Time Pressure on Mistake-Prone Driving Behaviors among Bus Drivers

Bus safety is a matter of great importance in many developing countries, with driving behaviors among bus drivers identified as a primary factor contributing to accidents. This concern is particularly amplified in mixed traffic flow (MTF) environments with time pressure (TP). However, there is a lack of sufficient research exploring the relationships among these factors. This study consists of two papers that aim to investigate the impact of MTF environments with TP on the driving behaviors of bus drivers. While the first paper focuses on violated driving behaviors, this particular paper delves into mistake-prone driving behaviors (MDB). To collect data on MDB, as well as perceptions of MTF and TP, a questionnaire survey was implemented among bus drivers. Factor analyses were employed to create new measurements for validating MDB in MTF environments. The study utilized partial correlation and linear regression analyses with the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method to explore the relationships between MDB and MTF/TP. The results revealed a modified scale for MDB. Two MTF factors and two TP factors were found to be significantly associated with MDB. A high presence of motorcycles and dangerous interactions among vehicles were not found to be associated with MDB among bus drivers. However, bus drivers who perceived motorcyclists as aggressive, considered road users’ traffic habits as unsafe, and perceived bus routes’ punctuality and organization as very strict were more likely to exhibit MDB. Moreover, the results from the three MDB predictive models demonstrated a positive impact of bus route organization on MDB among bus drivers. The study also examined various relationships between the socio-demographic characteristics of bus drivers and MDB. These findings are of practical significance in developing interventions aimed at reducing MDB among bus drivers operating in MTF environments with TP.

Hydrodynamics and Solids Mixing Behavior in a Riser with Blunt Internals

The hydrodynamics and solids mixing behavior in a riser with blunt internals are studied. A uniform radial distribution for solids fraction and particle velocity achieves near the internals. The turbulent velocity of particles near the wall increases with the addition of the internals, with the lateral solids mixing enhanced significantly. Probability density distribution of particle velocity is bimodal in the riser with internals, which is similar to that in the conventional riser, indicating that no significant difference in the micro flow structure exists between the riser with internals and the conventional riser. At the same time, the axial solids mixing behavior changes insignificantly with the addition of internals. These results indicate that the micro flow structure in the riser is very stable, which changes insignificantly with the change of the bed structure.

Highly Efficient and Stable Hybrid White Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Controllable Exciton Behavior by a Mixed Bipolar Interlayer

Highly efficient and stable hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes （HWOLEDs） with a mixed bipolar interlayer between fluorescent blue and phosphorescent yellow emitting layers are demonstrated. The bipolar interlayer is a mixture of p-type diphenyl （l0-phenyl-lOH-spiro [acridine-9,9＇-fluoren]-3Lyl） phosphine oxide and n-type 2＇,2- （1,3,5-benzinetriyl）-tris（1-phenyl-l-H-benzimidazole）. The electroluminance and Commission Internationale de l＇Eclairage （CIE1931） coordinates＇ characteristics can be modulated easily by adjusting the ratio of the hole- predominated material to the electron-predominated material in the interlayer. The hybrid WOLED with a p-type：n-type ratio of 1：3 shows a maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of 61.1 ed/A and 55.8 lm/W, respectively, with warm white CIE coordinates of （0.34, 0.43）. The excellent efficiency and adaptive CIE coordi- nates are attributed to the mixed interlayer with improved charge carrier balance, optimized exciton distribution, and enhanced harvesting of singlet and triplet excitons.

Dynamic magnetic behavior of the mixed spin (2, 5/2) Ising system with antiferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interactions on a bilayer square lattice

Using the mean-field theory and Glauber-type stochastic dynamics, we study the dynamic magnetic properties of the mixed spin （2, 5/2） Ising system for the antiferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic （AFM/AFM） interactions on the bilayer square lattice under a time varying （sinusoidal） magnetic field. The time dependence of average magnetizations and the thermal variation of the dynamic magnetizations are examined to calculate the dynamic phase diagrams. The dynamic phase diagrams are presented in the reduced temperature and magnetic field amplitude plane and the effects of interlayer coupling interaction on the critical behavior of the system are investigated. We also investigate the influence of the frequency and find that the system displays richer dynamic critical behavior for higher values of frequency than that of the lower values of it. We perform a comparison with the ferromagnetic/ferromagnetic （FM/FM） and AFM/FM interactions in order to see the effects of AFM/AFM interaction and observe that the system displays richer and more interesting dynamic critical behaviors for the AFM/AFM interaction than those for the FM/FM and AFM/FM interactions.

Thermal Behavior,Nonisothermal Decomposition Reaction Kinetics of Mixed Ester Double-base Gun Propellants

The thermal decomposition behavior and nonisothermal reaction kinetics of the double-base gun propellants containing the mixed ester of triethyleneglycol dinitrate（TEGDN） and nitroglycerin（NG） were investigated by thermogravimetry（TG） and differential thermogravimetry（DTG）, and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） under the high-pressure dynamic ambience. The results show that the thermal decomposition processes of the mixed nitric ester gun propellants have two mass-loss stages. Nitric ester evaporates and decomposes in the first stage, and nitrocellulose and centralite II（C2） decompose in the second stage. The mass loss, the DTG peak points, and the terminated temperatures of the two stages are changeable with the difference of the mass ratio of TEGDN to NG. There is only one obvious exothermic peak in the DSC curves under the different pressures. With the increase in the furnace pressure, the peak temperature decreases, and the decomposition heat increases. With the increase in the content of TEGDN, the decomposition heat decreases at 0.1 MPa and rises at high pressure. The variety of mass ratio of TEGDN to NG makes few effect on the exothermic peak temperatures in the DSC curves at different pressures. The kinetic equation of the main exothermal decomposition reaction of the gun propellant TG0601 was determined as： dα/dt=1021.59（1-α）3e-2.60×104/T. The reaction mechanism of the process can be classified as chemical reaction. The critical temperatures of the thermal explosion（Tbe and Tbp） obtained from the onset temperature（Te） and the peak temperature（Tp） are 456.46 and 473.40 K, respectively. ΔS≠, ΔH≠, and ΔG≠ of the decomposition reaction are 163.57 J·mol^-1·K^-1, 209.54 kJ·mol^-1, and 133.55 kJ·mol^-1, respectively.

NUMERICAL METHOD OF MIXED FINITE VOLUME-MODIFIED UPWIND FRACTIONAL STEP DIFFERENCE FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS

Transient behavior of three-dimensional semiconductor device with heat conduc- tion is described by a coupled mathematical system of four quasi-linear partial differential equations with initial-boundary value conditions. The electric potential is defined by an ellip- tic equation and it appears in the following three equations via the electric field intensity. The electron concentration and the hole concentration are determined by convection-dominated diffusion equations and the temperature is interpreted by a heat conduction equation. A mixed finite volume element approximation, keeping physical conservation law, is used to get numerical values of the electric potential and the accuracy is improved one order. Two con- centrations and the heat conduction are computed by a fractional step method combined with second-order upwind differences. This method can overcome numerical oscillation, dispersion and decreases computational complexity. Then a three-dimensional problem is solved by computing three successive one-dimensional problems where the method of speedup is used and the computational work is greatly shortened. An optimal second-order error estimate in L2 norm is derived by using prior estimate theory and other special techniques of partial differential equations. This type of mass-conservative parallel method is important and is most valuable in numerical analysis and application of semiconductor device.

稠油开采中多元热复合流体相态的研究进展

稠油的储量远超常规石油的储量,但因稠油黏度大和密度大的特点而难以开采,高效经济开发稠油已成为石油领域的研究重点。热复合开采技术是目前高效开发稠油油藏的关键技术,其中多元热复合流体的相态特征是稠油油藏开采流程设计与评价的关键。为此,从热复合开采技术中的混合气体系和稠油-气体系2个方面,系统地阐述了多元热复合流体相态的实验和理论研究现状。对于混合气体系相态,多采用静态法进行实验测试,使用状态方程结合混合规则进行理论预测,CO_(2),N_(2),H_(2)O和CH_(4)等常见气体分子组成的二元体系的相态测试趋于成熟,但缺少多元体系的测试数据与预测模型;对于稠油-气体系相态,总结了一般性实验流程与近年实验结果,提出一种加速油气相平衡的新型实验装置构想,指出目前理论预测在气体种类、注气量、气体扩散模型、二元相互作用系数等方面的不足。进而对多元热复合流体相态研究提出展望,以期促进热复合开采技术进一步的机理研究与参数优化。

咪唑离子液体与辛烷磺酸钠复配体系的聚集行为

采用表面张力法测定了辛烷磺酸钠(SOS)/溴化1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑鎓([C_(10)mim]Br)以及SOS/溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑鎓([C_(14)mim]Br)复配体系的表面活性,得到了临界胶束浓度(cmc)、平衡表面张力(γ_(cmc))、表面压(Π_(cmc))、饱和吸附量(Γ_(max))和气液界面吸附分子的最小截面积(A_(min))等参数。应用Rubingh正规溶液理论,计算了混合胶束的组成(X_(1)^|(m))、活度系数(f_(1)^(m)和f_(2)^(m))及分子相互作用参数(β^(m)),所研究的体系均表现出了强协同增效作用,与[C_(10)mim]Br相比,SOS与[C_(14)mim]Br间的相互作用更强。热力学参数的计算结果也表明了混合胶束是自发形成的,且为热力学稳定体系。利用分光光度法测定了体系的浊度,结合目视观察与吸光度数值绘制了各体系的相图,SOS与[C_(10)mim]Br和[C_(14)mim]Br的复配体系均存在3个浓度区,即低均相溶液区、两相区和高均相溶液区。

Random crystal field effect on hysteresis loops and compensation behavior of mixed spin-(1,3/2) Ising system

Magnetic hysteresis and compensation behavior of a mixed spin-（1, 3/2） Ising model on a square lattice are investigated in the framework of effective field theory based on a probability distribution technique. The effect of random crystal field, ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic exchange interaction on hysteresis loops and compensation phenomenon are discussed. A number of characteristic phenomena have been reported such as the observation of triple hysteresis loops at low temperatures and for negative values of random crystal field. Critical and double compensation temperatures have been also found. The obtained results are also compared to some previous works.

基于多Agent深度强化学习的无人机协作规划方法

人机协作控制是多无人机任务规划的重要方式。考虑多无人机任务环境协同解释和策略控制一致性需求,提出基于多Agent深度强化学习的无人机协作规划方法。依据任务知识和行为状态,构建基于任务分配Agent的任务规划器,生成人机交互的相互依赖关系;设计一种深度学习强化方法,解决群体行为最优策略和协同控制方法,并利用混合主动行为选择机制评估学习策略。实验结果表明:作为人机交互实例,所提方法通过深度强化学习使群体全局联合动作表现较好,学习速度和稳定性均能优于确定性策略梯度方法。同时,在跟随、自主和混合主动3种模式比较下,可以较好地控制无人机飞行路径和任务,为无人机集群任务执行提供了智能决策依据。

Gap acceptance behavior of drivers at uncontrolled T-intersections under mixed traffic conditions

Explicit traffic control measures are absent in uncontrolled intersections which make them susceptible to frequent conflicts and resulting collisions between vehicles. In developing countries like India, drivers at such intersections do not yield to higher priority movements which cause more crashes between vehicles. The objective of this study is to analyze and model the gap acceptance behavior of minor street drivers at uncontrolled T-intersections considering their aggressive nature. Three intersections in the northeast region of India have been selected as the case study area. Preliminary analysis of the data revealed that drivers behave aggressively, not because they have to wait for a long time at the stop line, but because of their lack of respect for traffic rules. Binary logit models are developed for minor road right turning vehicles which show that gap acceptance behavior is influenced by gap duration, clearing time and aggressive nature of drivers. The equations obtained were used to estimate the critical gaps for aggressive and non-aggressive drivers. Critical gaps are also calculated using an existing method called clearing behavior approach. It is also shown that the estimation of critical gap is more realistic if clearing time and aggressive behavior of drivers are considered.

SPOC论坛交互行为模式挖掘与学习成效分析

论坛是正式学习的辅助工具之一,可用来促进各成员之间的学习交流,学习者在论坛中表现与其学习成效强相关,然而在具体教学实践中存在交互缺失、交互参与度不高等现象。以“教育技术学研究方法”混合课堂中的SPOC论坛数据为研究对象,对其交互行为模式进行挖掘,并通过量化研究探究其对学习成效的影响。首先,采用文献分析法对国内外研究现状进行分析与总结。其次,采用社会网络分析法对SPOC论坛中参与交互的学习者进行特征刻画,并结合机器学习方法对学习者的交互模式进行聚类分析,将学习者分为活跃者、追随者和沉默者,并将该三类学习者在论坛中的交互特征与其学习成绩进行量化建模分析。最后,采用语义分析法对学习者的情感进行建模,并将不同类型学习者的情感与其学习成绩进行相关性分析。研究表明,在混合课堂中,不同类型学习者的交互频次与其学习成效间无相关性影响,而SPOC论坛中情绪词语出现的频次与其课程成绩间存在显著相关性,进而提出三条针对性的学习策略,旨在为提升混合式课堂学习质量提供借鉴。

社会遵从视角下的移动政务用户转移行为

探究移动政务用户转移行为的驱动因素和驱动路径对促进移动政务良性发展、优化政务环境具有重要意义。文章从社会遵从视角构建转移行为驱动因素的分析框架,采用PLS结构方程分析和模糊集定性比较分析的混合研究方法,探究影响移动政务用户转移行为的驱动因素及组态效应。研究发现:移动政务用户转移行为可归因于政府支持、群体规范、转移认知的共同作用,其中政府支持与群体规范通过用户的转移认知正向影响转移意愿与转移行为;移动政务用户转移行为存在多重并发和殊途同归的因果路径,即政府驱动型和群体遵从型。

跟驰事件下网联混驾编队的运行特征及生态安全影响

考虑当前自动驾驶技术成熟度和公众接受程度等问题,网联混驾编队模式可能是自动驾驶编队全面普及应用前的可行的过渡模式之一。为研究网联条件和车队形式对网联混驾编队运行特征及生态安全的影响,文中基于驾驶模拟技术搭建的网联混驾编队实验测试平台,构建由5辆车组成的“领航车-网联L2级人工驾驶车辆、跟驰车-网联自动驾驶车辆”的网联混驾编队模式,并邀请36名被试开展驾驶模拟实验。考虑时域分析侧重呈现指标的时间维度变化,而频域分析可以挖掘指标的频率分布特性,文中选取速度、加速度指标从时域和频域维度分析车辆运行特征,同时选取油耗、速度安全熵指标评价车辆运行的生态安全性。结果表明:网联条件和编队模式均有助于车辆行驶更加平稳,并显著提升其生态安全性;网联混驾编队的综合效能最佳,相较传统单车模式,油耗可降低10.67%,速度安全熵值可降低73.25%。该研究成果可为自动驾驶企业及行业开展网联人机交互终端设计、领航驾驶辅助系统研发、网联混驾编队可行性及有效性测试等提供方案借鉴和平台支持。

北方不冻水域落单中华秋沙鸭及其混合群的越冬对策

中华秋沙鸭,是我国的濒危物种之一,通常在中国长江流域尤其是江西省越冬,但也存在少数个体在北方不冻水域越冬,研究中华秋沙鸭的越冬行为对于全面了解其种群数量与分布、生境选择,进而对其进行保护具有重要意义。2020年12月-2021年2月和2022年1-2月,在辽宁省本溪市太子河不冻水域,采用瞬时扫描法和固定样点法观测越冬的中华秋沙鸭及与该鸟混群的普通秋沙鸭的越冬行为,并对两者进行比对,同时还收集了在江西等地越冬的中华秋沙鸭群体行为数据,与本溪越冬的中华秋沙鸭进行比较。结果发现,连续2年均只有1只雄性中华秋沙鸭在该地越冬,而这些落单的中华秋沙鸭均选择与其亲缘关系较近的普通秋沙鸭混群,并且在栖息地选择方面表现出较强的特异性,同时在觅食、游泳、休息、游戏和梳羽等方面与普通秋沙鸭不存在差异。相反,本溪中华秋沙鸭的行为节律与江西等地越冬的中华秋沙鸭群体存在明显差异,暗示落单的中华秋水鸭的越冬行为可能受到温度及其混群对象的影响。

考虑CAV自主停车行为的混合交通均衡配流模型

为了评估网联自动驾驶汽车(CAV)的自主停车行为对交通系统效率的影响,建立了CAV通勤流、人工驾驶汽车(HDV)通勤流、CAV自主停车流3类交通流混行下的交通均衡配流模型.通过引入CAV停车需求内生变量,考虑CAV对路段通行能力的提升效应,从而定量描述CAV停车需求分布以及3类交通流在路段上混行的拥挤效应.分别采用用户均衡、随机用户均衡原则描述CAV、HDV出行者的路径选择行为,采用Logit离散选择模型描述自主停车CAV的停车场选择行为,由此建立多用户混合交通均衡条件以及等价的变分不等式(VI)模型.由于模型中CAV自主停车需求为未知的内生变量,提出一种改进的相继加权平均法求解该模型.最后,通过算例验证了混合交通均衡配流模型及求解算法的有效性.

考虑预约响应式农村客运的内蒙古农牧民出行方式选择行为研究

为揭示考虑预约响应式农村客运的内蒙古农牧民出行方式选择行为及其影响因素,基于计划行为理论选取反映农牧民对预约响应式农村客运的态度潜变量,利用验证性因子分析预测态度潜变量得分;以个体属性、历史出行特征、出行方式属性、潜变量得分为解释变量,以农牧民的方式选择结果为反应变量,采用混合Logit模型构建内蒙古农牧民出行方式选择模型。模型分析发现:年龄在60岁以上、月收入3000元以上、日常出行次数在一天两次以上以及日常出行费用在20元以上的农牧民对预约响应式农村客运的使用意向强烈。行为意向、行为态度、主观规范以及感知易用性对方式选择行为影响显著,总体来说内蒙古农牧民对预约响应式农村客运持积极态度。研究成果为内蒙古地区发展预约响应式农村客运提供决策依据。

饲喂全混合颗粒饲料对肉羊反刍行为和养分消化率的影响

本试验利用甘肃省武威市凉州区丰富的黄玉米秸秆和紫花苜蓿青干草,按1:1、1:2、2:1的比例混合,并将混合好的粗饲料与精饲料,按照精粗比30:70、40:60、50:50的比例组合,生产出9种全混合(TMR)颗粒饲料,饲喂肉羊,观察记录试验羊只的反刍行为,筛选玉米秸秆与紫花苜蓿青干草最佳配比及精粗比。通过观察,营养物质表观消化率的测定,最终得出结论:饲喂全混合颗粒饲料,没有影响肉羊的反刍行为,瘤胃功能正常。但营养物质中粗蛋白和粗纤维的消化率受精粗比影响显著,A3B2组粗蛋白的消化率为75.01%,A1B3组粗蛋白的消化率为66.19%,A3B2组比A1B3组显著提高了11.75%(P<0.05)。A3B2组粗纤维的消化率为67.01%,A1B3组粗纤维的消化率为61.18%,A3B2组比A1B3组显著提高了8.7%(P<0.05),其他各组间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合考虑各指标,认为9种全混合颗粒饲料中,优先选择黄玉米秸秆与紫花苜蓿青干草配比为1:2,精粗比为50:50的颗粒饲料饲喂,饲喂效果较好,可以推广应用。

表面活性泡沫沥青发泡工艺及流变特性研究

温拌沥青技术可降低沥青混合料生产和施工温度,在节能减碳方面极具应用潜力。泡沫温拌沥青技术成本较低,虽存在改性沥青发泡效果不理想、温拌效果不显著等问题,但具有潜在的推广应用前景。表面活性剂兼具“沥青润滑剂”和“泡沫稳定剂”的作用效能,为改善泡沫温拌沥青发泡特性和温拌效果提供了可能。基于此,本研究采用不同质量分数的表面活性剂水溶液,在不同发泡温度下制备了表面活性泡沫沥青(SAFB6,SAFB8,SAFB10),利用发泡试验、动态剪切流变试验以及弯曲梁流变试验测试了沥青的发泡特性、高温性能、抗疲劳性能和低温性能,并借助傅里叶红外光谱试验分析了作用机理,揭示了表面活性剂与发泡过程对泡沫温拌沥青性能的协同提升作用。试验结果表明:表面活性剂对SBS改性沥青的发泡特性有明显的协同作用,特别是半衰期,最大可达69 s;SAFB沥青最佳发泡条件为发泡温度170℃,表面活性剂含量8%;SAFB沥青制备过程中没有发生复杂的化学反应,但是发泡过程导致SBS改性沥青发生了一定程度的氧化作用;表面活性剂和发泡工艺的协同效应提高了SBS改性沥青的高温性能和抗疲劳性能,而低温抗裂性能与SBS改性沥青相当。总体而言,表面活性剂与发泡技术相结合是可行的,提高了SBS改性沥青的发泡效果和路用性能。

线上线下混合式教学设计研究——以“现代管理理论与方法”课程为例

“现代管理理论与方法”课程以立德树人、为战育人为导向,以“组训管理与指挥能力提升、领导与管理素养培育”为目标,对培养学员计划、组织、协调、控制等领导力与管理能力有着十分重要的作用。为解决传统管理类课程重理论、轻体验与实践等问题,在课程改革中引入混合式教学模式,以学员领导力培养为核心,探索“聚焦任务、内容深化、巩固拓展”三个阶段的线上与线下相互融合的教学活动,明确线上内容重兴趣、线下内容重领导力体验式行为训练的实施及线上线下相互融合机制,进而有效提升课程教学效果。