Transient simulation of a pump-turbine with misaligned guide vanes during turbine model start-up

Experimental studies of a model pump-turbine S-curve characteristics and its improvement by misaligned guide vanes （MGV） were extended to prototype pump turbine through 3-D transient flow simulations. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the SST turbulence model were used to model the transient flow within the entire flow passage of a reversible pump-turbine with and without misaligned guide vanes during turbine model start-up. The unstable S-curve and its improvement by using misaligned guide vane were verified by model test and simulation. The transient flow calculations were used to clarify the variations of pressure pulse and internal flow behavior in the entire flow passage. The use of misaligned guide vanes can eliminate the S-curve characteristics of a pump-turbine, and can significantly increase the pressure pulse amplitude in the entire flow passage and the runner radial forces during start-up. The MGV only decreased the pulse amplitude on the guide vane suction side when the rotating speed was less than 50% rated speed. The hydraulic reason is that the MGV dramatically changed the flow patterns inside the entire flow passage, and destroyed the symmetry of the flow distribution inside the guide vane and runner.

Analysis of the Impact of the Space Guide Vane Wrap Angle on the Performance of a Submersible Well Pump

In order to study the influence of the wrap angle relating to the space guide vane of a submersible well pump(250QJ125)on the flow field and pump performance,seven possible configurations have been considered(obtained by changing the blade wrap angle while keeping unchanged all the other parameters).Such configurations have been numerically simulated in the framework of a computational model based on the Reynolds time-averaged N-S equations,the RNG k-εturbulence approach and the SIMPLE algorithm.The impact exerted by different wrap angles of the guide vane on the performance of the pump,the internal losses of the guide vane and the flow field distribution in the bladeless area at the guide vane outlet has been assessed via cross-comparison of all these cases.The results show that the wrap angle has a significant influence:the wrap angle with the highest head is different from that with the highest efficiency,and changes in this angle have a more significant effect on the head than efficiency.A moderate raise of the wrap angle can improve the properties of the flow,reduce turbulence losses and enhance the energy conversion rate inside the guide vane.Different wrap angles can also lead to different fluid circulation modes in the bladeless area from guide vane outlet to impeller inlet,while they have a weak influence on the absolute value of the velocity of the fluid entering the impeller.

Computational Analysis of Mixing Guide Vane Effects on Performance of the Supersonic Ejector-Diffuser System

The flow field in the ejector-diffuser system and its optimal operation condition are hardly complicated due to the complicated turbulent mixing, compressibility effects and even flow unsteadiness which are generated inside the ejector- diffuser system. This paper aims at the improvement in ejector-diffuser system by focusing attention on entrainment ratio and pressure recovery. Several mixing guide vanes were installed at the inlet of the secondary stream for the purpose of the performance improvement of the ejector system. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method based on Fluent has been applied to simulate the supersonic flows and shock waves inside the ejector. A finite volume scheme and density-based solver with coupled scheme were applied in the computational process. Standard k-ω turbulent model, implicit formulations were used considering the accuracy and stability. Previous experimental results showed that more flow vortexes were generated and more vertical flow was introduced into the stream under a mixing guide vane influence. Besides these effects on the secondary stream, the mixing guide vane effects on the shock system of the primary stream were also investigated in this paper. Optimal analysis results of the mixing guide vane effects were also carried out in detail in terms of the positions, lengths and numbers to achieve the best operation condition. The comparison of ejector performance with and without the mixing guide vane was obtained. The ejector-diffuser system performance is discussed in terms of the entrainment ratio, pressure recovery as well as total pressure loss.

沙集泵站改造叶轮选型及流道改形研究

针对沙集泵站空化汽蚀较为严重,在工程加固改造时主体结构不变,无法通过降低站房底板增加叶轮淹没深度,从而提高空化性能的实际问题,采用计算流体动力学CFD方法,考虑泵站进口不同水位,对水泵装置全流道内部流动进行数值分析,研究水泵空化和能量特性。小幅降低叶轮中心高程,不仅未能减小空化范围,反而降低了泵装置效率,不宜采用。通过优选水泵水力模型、降速、增径并适当修整流道等方法,在保证泵装置能量性能的前提下,提高水泵空化性能。结果表明,采用方案一:叶轮直径增至1.68 m,转速降至250 r/min,基本消除了叶片进水边附近的附着空化,同时能够满足泵站特征水位组合下的流量和效率。成果也可用于类似泵站的设计和机组的选型。

抽水蓄能机组水轮机工况启动过程内部流场分析

本文采用CFD数值模拟的方法,模拟计算了抽水蓄能机组在水轮机工况启动过程内部流场特征。得到了在活动导叶开启过程中的速度、压力随时间的瞬态分布规律,讨论了蓄能机组开启过程中外特性的变化曲线。结果表明:活动导叶的开启规律可以大体分为五个阶段。活动导叶的开启规律是先缓慢开启,然后以较快的速度关闭,最后再保持到空载的开度,从第四阶段,导叶再逐渐打开直到额定开度。转轮扭矩和机组流量呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,当导叶逐渐打开时,转轮扭矩和机组流量再逐渐上升。本文为研究蓄能机组水轮机工况下启动过程的内部流动变化提供了参考依据,同时对提高水轮机工况的启动稳定性具有重要意义。

进口导叶对斜流式叶轮级性能调节的数值研究

针对两种不同翼型的进口导叶,数值研究了导叶在不同开度下对超大流量系数斜流级内部气体流动的影响和调节特性,并预测了进口导叶与斜流叶轮耦合在不同导叶开度下的性能曲线。结果表明,进口导叶能有效扩大调节范围,使斜流压缩机能在更宽的工况范围内运行。导叶开度和翼型对斜流叶轮的气动性能产生影响,开度增大导致气体流动的不均匀性变大,而当开度增大到一定程度时,进口导叶的调节能力变差,对斜流叶轮气动性能产生负面影响。

超大扬程变幅大型导叶式混流泵选型研究

浙江省杭州市九溪排涝泵站,装设有6台大型导叶式混流泵,单机流量50 m^(3)/s,单台电动机功率10000 kW,为国内目前在建单机流量最大的导叶式混流泵。水泵受上游来水和下游钱塘江潮位的影响,扬程变化幅度很大,最低扬程1.71 m,设计扬程14.0 m,最高扬程15.4 m。为保证泵组在超大扬程变化范围内保持安全稳定运行,结合九溪泵站建筑物布置和运行情况,充分利用下游挡潮闸提高最低扬程,详细分析比较全调节和变频调节对优化低扬程运行工况的作用,并采取综合措施提高泵组结构设计刚强度,从多角度对泵组运行工况和选型方案进行优化分析,并提出泵组变频调节和运行优化建议,为类似泵站提供参考。

用于催化裂化装置强制循环泵的三元导叶设计方法及性能分析研究

强制循环泵是催化裂化装置烟气热量回收系统中重要的水循环动力设备,蜗壳为半球形结构带导叶的LUV型泵是一种广泛应用的强制循环泵,其导叶结构对泵的性能有着至关重要的影响。本文针对强制循环泵二元导叶在不同叶高处的进口叶片安装角与水流角不匹配的问题,发展了采用后盖板和前盖板的叶片中弧线角度分布和叶片厚度分布来构建叶型的三元导叶叶片结构设计方法,并数值研究了导叶后盖板和前盖板处进出口叶片安装角对泵额定工况效率和内部流动特性的影响。结果表明:随着前后盖板叶片进出口安装角中一个变量的增大,额定流量点效率均先增大后减小;设计的三元导叶方案比二元导叶方案在额定工况下的效率提高了0.9%;后盖板附近的叶片安装角与水流角的匹配性对泵的效率起到了更加重要的作用;三元导叶方案在后盖板附近0.1叶高截面上进口水流角与叶片安装角的匹配关系得到改善,此截面上的旋涡区减少,导叶内的能量耗散减小。

水泵水轮机非同步导叶启动工况三维模拟研究

水泵水轮机低水头启动时,空载工况附近S特性明显,工况点进入后,机组宏观参数易发生振荡。为研究低水头启动工况机组快速稳定的内流机理,设置非同步导叶,引入调速器参数,通过三维模拟分析启动全过程宏观参数、压力脉动与流态的演变规律。结果表明,启动过程初期导叶同步开启,转速较小,转轮叶道内产生大范围失速涡,压力呈低频高幅值波动;转速上升过程中,流态逐渐平顺,压力脉动逐渐降低;进入调速器调节阶段后,工况点进入S区,压力脉动呈高频高幅值,而非同步导叶破坏了无叶区产生的高速水环,促使机组快速稳定。

高海拔地区导叶开角对混流式水轮机效能影响初探

为了探究高海拔地区混流式水轮机在不同工况下的对厂房建筑的影响情况,对海拔2968m的某混流式水轮机试验模型选取多个工况点进行试验,通过原型观测分析不同工况下水轮机的实际运行中对厂房建筑所造成的影响。试验结果表明:当水轮机的导叶开角处于6°~12°时,由于整体压力及转轮流速变化不均,从而使尾水管产生了严重的偏心涡带,整个厂房建筑可以感到明显的振感,尤其是在试验台上的振感更为明显,并且可以清晰地听到明显的噪声。当导叶开角为12°~32°时,在此区间内,整体压力及流速变化较为均匀,水轮机组的运转过程也比较平稳,没有明显的振感和噪声。当导叶开角达到32°以上时,压力的整体变化比较平稳,只是在出口处突然发生紊乱,此时机组运转声音发生明显的改变,整个厂房的振感较前阶段有明显增强。

导叶角度对轴流泵高效区运行范围的影响

为了研究导叶角度对轴流泵高效区运行范围的影响,采用CFD和模型试验对不同导叶角度下轴流泵水力性能进行数值模拟计算,并且进行内流场比较分析。结果表明,通过改变导叶角度后,优化导叶在设计和大流量工况下的内部流场更加均匀合理,导叶优化后的轴流泵最高效率为87.53%,与初始导叶方案相比,配优化导叶的轴流泵高效区运行范围扩宽了近1.36倍。最后通过模型试验对比分析,验证了数值计算的可靠性。研究结果可为提高轴流泵高效区的运行范围提供参考。

导叶出口安放角对双向轴流泵水力性能影响研究

随着湿地生态保护治理过程中对双向轴流泵的需求日益增加,开发设计双向轴流泵已然成为重要课题,为了探究导叶出口安放角对轴流泵双向运行性能的影响,以一台比转速为903的轴流泵为研究对象,利用ANSYS CFX软件的标准k-ε湍流模型对5种不同导叶出口安放角的双向轴流泵进行定常和非定常数值模拟,研究分析了导叶出口安放角对轴流泵双向运行的外特性、水力损失、内部流场、压力脉动的影响。结果表明:正向运行设计工况下,减小导叶出口安放角,可减小导叶部分水力损失,并且减小导叶吸力面低压区面积,因脱流产生的能量损失也随之减小,轴流泵效率明显增大;设计工况反向运行时,随着导叶出口安放角的减小,导叶回收能量的能力也随之减小,导叶部分水力损失增加,并且轴流泵效率降低。改变导叶出口安放角度,可对正向运行时轴流泵内压力脉动产生一定影响。适当增加正向运行时导叶出口安放角均能在一定程度上减小轴流泵内压力脉动幅值,改善能量损失;导叶出口安放角对双向轴流泵反向运行时的压力脉动幅值大小无明显影响。因本次研究的轴流泵为双向运行,结合正反两向效率变化相反的情况,考虑该轴流泵在双向运行时均有较高效率的运行范围,所以取导叶出口安放角为80°时,双向轴流泵综合性能最优。

颗粒直径对混流泵叶轮及空间导叶磨损特性的影响

为探究颗粒直径对混流泵叶轮及空间导叶磨损特性的影响,基于颗粒轨道模型,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和Tabakoff磨损模型,对混流泵进行固液两相流磨损数值计算.对比分析了叶轮和空间导叶区域不同颗粒直径条件下的颗粒轨迹、颗粒对壁面切应力、磨损云图及平均磨损率分布情况.结果表明:叶片进口及叶片与后盖板连接处、导叶与外壁连接处及工作面头部、背面出口区域是最容易发生磨损的位置.随着颗粒直径的增大,叶轮和空间导叶内颗粒的运行轨迹更加紧凑,叶轮区域颗粒轨迹由叶片背面逐渐靠近叶片工作面;空间导叶区域颗粒在导叶中前段主要沿着工作面运行,在导叶后段主要沿着背面运行.同时,颗粒直径越大,其对壁面的切应力越大,叶片和导叶的磨损面积越大、平均磨损率越高,并且叶片和导叶的增幅最大,说明叶片和导叶是最容易受到磨损破坏的部位,对比3种颗粒造成的平均磨损率发现,直径3 mm颗粒造成的平均磨损率比0.1 mm颗粒的大2—3个量级.

大型立式轴流泵水力模型导叶改型及试验验证

为改善轴流泵导叶与叶轮的匹配性,以某立式轴流泵装置为研究对象,通过正交试验对水力模型导叶改型,应用计算流体动力学软件和模型试验,对匹配不同导叶的轴流泵水力模型进行比对和优选.研究结果表明:数值计算结果与模型试验结果的最大误差小于5%,性能曲线的整体趋势相对良好,数值计算方法合理可靠;在设计流量工况下,优化后的导叶能够减小导叶体的水力损失及导叶出口环量,动能回收效果较好,在有效降低设计扬程的同时保证泵站以80.7%的效率高效运行;不同导叶对立式轴流泵装置的性能有明显影响,优化后的导叶能够改变装置设计流量,使泵装置高效区向大流量偏移,同时提高小流量工况下泵的装置扬程,降低大流量工况下的装置扬程.

基于数值仿真的轴流式水轮机反向抽水性能评价

为了对轴流式水轮机反转条件下做泵实现储能的性能进行评价,对某型号的轴流转桨式水轮机进行数值模拟研究,通过选取5种导叶开度和4种桨叶开度进行组合,导叶开度分别为30°、35°、40°、45°、50°,桨叶开度分别为15°、20°、25°、30°。对每种组合情况在流量变化范围为0.5Q_(d)~1.3Q_(d)内分别进行数值模拟计算,并对每种组合情况下的扬程、效率和功率分别进行分析。结果表明:桨叶开度与水轮机反向抽水扬程呈正相关关系,即桨叶开度越大,轴流式水轮机反向抽水扬程越高。而桨叶开度与水轮机反向抽水效率呈负相关关系,即桨叶开度越大,反向抽水效率越低。桨叶开度对水轮机反向抽水功率变化影响显著,而导叶开度对水轮机反向抽水功率的影响较小。

Investigation on reversible pump turbine flow structures and associated pressure field characteristics under different guide vane openings

The use of reversible pump turbines(RPT) within pumped storage power plants goes with prolonged periods of off-design operating conditions, which leads to the onset of operating mode-dependent instabilities. In order to decrease the gravity of RPT flow instabilities and associated damages or even completely eliminate them, a deep understanding of its onset and development mechanism is needed. In line with this, the present study seeks to numerically investigate the onset and development mechanism of RPT unsteady flow structures as well as the evolutional characteristics of associated pressure pulsations throughout the RPT complete flow passage, under off-design conditions for three GVOs namely 17, 21, and 25 mm. The study results showed that low torque operating conditions and associated vaneless space back flow structures were the trigger of flow unsteadiness onset within the RPT vaneless space, the instabilities which grew to cause the S-shape characteristics appearance. Moreover, the runner flow unsteadiness was found to decrease with the GVO increase. On the other hand, the GVO increase worsened the pressure pulsation levels within RPT flow zones, where pressure pulsations within the vaneless space and flow zones in its vicinities were found to be the most sensitive to GVO changes.

导叶式离心泵瞬态空化流动及压力脉动分析

采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型对导叶式离心泵进行数值模拟,得到内部压力脉动频谱曲线。结果表明:叶轮监测点压力脉动峰峰值沿流动方向逐渐降低,主频为8倍转频及其倍频;随着空化加剧,叶轮压力脉动峰峰值逐渐降低;正反导叶压力脉动主频均为叶频及其倍频,且幅值随空化发展而增加;空化在轴向上表现为自叶轮前盖板向后盖板空泡体积分数逐渐增加;叶轮与正导叶之间动静干涉使叶轮内流场产生周期性变化,造成压力脉动呈现周期性波动。

化工用水循环轴流泵导叶结构改进设计分析

水循环轴流泵是化工产业水力循环过程中重要的耗能设备,其中轴流泵的能效提高是节能优化的关键。本研究基于当前化工用水循环轴流泵的初始模型,进行结构参数及性能参数的综合分析,提出通过导叶结构的改进设计以提高泵输装备整体水力性能的方法,并设计多组对照方案进行性能和流动特性分析,结果显示改进后的7叶片导叶轴流泵模型比原模型泵效率提高了6%,流动平顺性更好,满足预期节能设计目标。

轴流泵装置导叶出口水流速度环量对出水流道水力损失的影响

为了定量研究大型泵装置导叶出口水流的速度环量对出水流道水力性能的影响,提出了泵装置导叶出口断面水流的速度环量定量表示方法和平均角速度的测量方法,分别采用数值计算和模型试验的方法研究了导叶出口水流的剩余环量对虹吸式出水流道和直管式出水流道水力损失的影响。结果表明:导叶出口水流的环量对出水流道水力损失的影响较为明显,存在使出水流道水力损失最小的最优环量,虹吸式和直管式出水流道的最优环量分别为0.972和1.308 m2/s;虹吸式出水流道和直管式出水流道最优环量时的水力损失计算值较零环量时的水力损失计算值分别小0.126和0.180 m。研究结果不仅有助于改进低扬程泵装置出水流道的优化水力设计,同时对改进轴流泵导叶的优化水力设计也有重要意义。

前置导叶调节混流泵性能的数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件数值求解不同工况下混流泵的内部流场,了解前置导叶调节工况的基本规律,以改善混流泵在非设计工况运行时的水力性能。在叶轮叶片进口部位读取液流流入叶轮时绝对液流角、相对液流角、和绝对速度圆周分量的值,分析其随前置导叶安放角改变而变化的规律。结果表明,叶轮进口绝对液流角小于前置导叶安放角,流量越小相差的幅度越大;大流量工况下进口预旋调节的效果比小流量工况更为明显;在一定流量范围内,通过进口导叶调节使得叶轮进口液流满足无冲击进口或者较小冲角进口条件,可有效地改善混流泵在非设计工况的水力性能。