Mixed-ownership Reform:Private Firms’Role in Targeted Poverty Alleviation-A Perspective on Resource Complementarity and Check&Balance

Targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)serves as a winning formula for fighting poverty and has generated valuable experiences for achieving common prosperity.The mixed-ownership reform has enhanced corporate economic performance.However,further testing is required to assess whether enterprises contribute to the improvement of distribution by participating in TPA.Taking A-share-listed private enterprises between 2016 and 2021 as research samples,we conducted an investigation into the extent and manner in which the mixed-ownership reform contributes to TPA.Our research reveals that a higher proportion of state capital equity participation is correlated with a greater level of private enterprises’contribution to TPA.This indicates that the mixed-ownership reform is beneficial for prompting private enterprises to shoulder responsibilities for building a society of common prosperity.As shown by the mechanism test,state capital equity participation encourages private enterprises to contribute to TPA primarily by alleviating corporate financing constraints through the resource complementarity effect.In contrast,the check&balance effect of promoting corporate poverty alleviation by mitigating the principal-agent problem has not yet been significantly demonstrated.Regarding the poverty alleviation model,state capital equity participation prompts private enterprises to contribute to TPA through industrial development,educational investment,and environmental protection,emphasizing a combination of providing external assistance and cultivating endogenous development capacity.In terms of TPA regions,state capital equity participation plays a significant role in supporting economically less-developed regions,regions with high unemployment rates,and central and western regions.This paper provides new empirical evidence for deepening mixed-ownership reforms and advancing common prosperity.

Research on Mixed Ownership Reform of State-Owned Enterprises from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

Under China’s socialist system,state-owned enterprises are key forces driving the economic trajectory and providing strong momentum.These enterprises not only bear the crucial responsibility of advancing the process of national modernization but also serve as the core of the national economic lifeline through their irreplaceable status and function amidst changing times.In the new era,with the advent of the technological revolution and the wave of globalization,state-owned enterprises face unprecedented opportunities and challenges.As a significant aspect of state-owned enterprise reform,the mixed ownership reform is not only a transformation in the structure of enterprise ownership but also a reflection of China’s broader,comprehensive reform efforts.By deeply advancing this reform,it will help optimize the allocation of state-owned assets and significantly boost technological and management innovation within state-owned enterprises,ensuring their competitiveness in the intense market environment.Therefore,this paper will conduct an in-depth analysis of the mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises from the perspective of Marxist political economy.

Research on Financial Performance of State-owned Enterprise Mixed Ownership Reform

Mixed ownership is an important form of realization of China＇s economic system reform and development, and it is also the main direction of state-owned enterprise reform. In order to further promote the deepening of the reform of mixed ownership, this paper randomly selects 200 listed state-owned enterprises as research objects, and studies the trends of the financial performance of these enterprises from the mixed state-owned enterprises and non-mixed-modification enterprises in the five years from 2013 to 2017, and compares their various trends. Financial indicators, a comprehensive evaluation of the problems and causes in the reform of the mixed ownership system, and then propose countermeasures to further deepen the reform of mixed ownership based on the research conclusions.

Natural Monopoly and Mixed Ownership Reform--Based on Natural Experiment and Cost Function Analysis Method

Despite a multitude of theoretical discussions on China's mixed ownership reform, very few studies have addressed realistic questions concerning the implementation of the reform. The Resolutions of the Third Plenum of the 18 th CPC Central Committee and other reform strategies have outlined the reform of sectors with natural monopoly, including urban public utility sectors. The question is how mixed ownership reform should be carried out in sectors of natural monopoly, or which public utilities sectors should enjoy priority of mixed ownership reform. To answer this question, this paper employs data of large public utility enterprises in China from 1998 to 2008, and estimates the natural monopoly attribute at the industry level and corporate total factor productivity(TFP) using cost function analysis method excluding the impact of product price factor. Based on the difference-indifferences-in-differences(DDD) method of natural experiment, an empirical test is carried out for the relationship among natural monopoly, mixed ownership reform and corporate productivity. Our results suggest that:(1) Statistically, mixed ownership reform cannot significantly increase corporate TFP in sectors with natural monopoly;(2) mixed ownership reform should not be carried out indiscriminately on a nationwide basis and for all public utilities sectors. Such an attempt of reform without distinguishing natural monopoly and the level of competitiveness is fraught with policy uncertainties;(3) relative to sectors with natural monopoly, corporate productivity in competitive sectors after mixed ownership reform will improve more significantly and enjoy greater "policy dividends" of institutional reform. Therefore, mixed ownership reform should be carried out first in competitive sectors.

Game analysis of control right of state-owned shares under the background of the mixed ownership

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the concept of the mixed ownership economy has received extensive attention from all sectors of society, which has effect on a coming new round of reformation on enterprise property. However, in order to take control of the state-owned shares in the end making the state ownership economy become the principal position and to enlarge the scale of state-owned shares, which guides the common development with the non-public sectors of the economy, how to determine the proportion of state-owned shares? Under the background of the mixed ownership reformation, the article explains the mixed ownership by explaining how to enlarge the state-owned assets controlling scale and how to improve the stateowned company 'economic effi ciency and how to protect the interests of small shareholders. The final conclusion is that the SASAC should use the thinking of relative holdings, instead of the absolute control thinking, and should make use of the games among the large shareholders and the pyramidal ownership structure to make the pattern of ownership diversify.

Specific vs.ad valorem taxation and social welfare in mixed duopoly with foreign ownership

In this paper,we set up a mixed duopoly competition model between state-owned and private firms in order to compare specific and ad valorem taxes.Assuming that the total output under specific and ad valorem taxation remains unchanged,we find that if the public firm is completely privatised,the output of the private firm under the two tax schemes will be the same.If the public firm is not completely privatised,the output of the the private firm under specific taxation will be greater than that under ad valorem taxation.If the private firm is a pure local one,the social benefits will be the same under the two tax schemes.However,if the private firm is a joint venture that involves domestic and foreign entities,social welfare under ad valorem taxation will be greater than that under specific taxation.

Investigation of the Viscoelastic Effect on the Metzner and Otto Coefficient Through LDA Velocity Measurements

The Metzner and Otto correlation is the single practical method for incorporating non-Newtonian effects in the mixing process. In this article, the Metzner and Otto' s idea, the role of viscoelasticity on the Metzner and Otto coefficient, ks, effects of flow regime on ks and the determination of fc3 for Rushton turbine impeller have been studied using the direct method of the laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) velocity measurement for the case of viscoelastic liquids. The normalized mean tangential velocity profiles are independent of Rushton turbine impeller speeds. Contrary to literature findings, it is shown that the variation of local shear rate against the impeller speed is better correlated by the power equation, i.e. y= k'a Nb' , in the transition region, i. e. - 30 < Re <- 2000. Also, a correlation between improved coefficient, ks', and the elasticity number of viscoelastic liquids is given which is very helpful in designing of the mixing of both viscoelastic and inelastic non-Newtonian fluids through relating rheological properties to kinematical and dynamical parameters of the mixing process.

The CPC’s Century-Long Exploration of a Socialist Ownership System

Throughout its century-long history,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has been striving to explore and implement an ownership system of the means of production.Upon its founding in 1921,the Party envisioned to create a sole ownership system after the victory of the National Revolution.In war times,land issues dominated the agenda of the Party’s work on the ownership structure since most of its bases and liberated areas were in the countryside.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China established a basic socialist economic system through“one industrialization and three transformations,”i.e.socialist industrialization and the transformations of agriculture,artisanal production,and capitalist industry and commerce.This nascent socialist economic system was characterized by the sole public ownership of the means of production and a highly centralized planned economy.Since the reform and opening up in 1978,the Party took bold steps to explore and reform the socialist ownership system under the principle to keep public ownership as the mainstay and allow diverse forms of ownership to develop side by side.In the new era,the Party has redefined China’s basic socialist economic system by creating a mixed ownership structure at two levels with public ownership as the mainstay.China’s increasing economic vitality and dynamism have witnessed the exploration and growth of this mixed ownership system.

现代产业学院混合所有制办学的现实意义、机制架构与路径选择

现代产业学院混合所有制办学有助于优化产业资源市场化配置、推动人才培养理实一体化、促进产业经济高质量发展和强化校企合作共同体构建。基本机制包括组织管理的健全机制、优质教学资源的共建机制、教师教学创新团队的共管机制、教育教学模式的改进机制和发展成果的共享机制。应探索混合制管理体制、协同建设系列优质教学资源、协同管理高素质教师教学创新团队、协同改进教育教学模式和共同分享发展成果,规范与促进现代产业学院混合所有制办学。

逆向混改助力民企创新——国有资本参股对民营企业双元创新投入的影响研究

逆向混改有利于提高民营企业创新投入吗?以A股民营控股上市公司为样本考察国有资本参股的逆向混改对民营企业双元创新投入的影响后发现:首先,国有资本参股对于民营企业双元创新投入存在异质性影响,即能够显著提高民营企业开发式创新投入,而对探索式创新投入无明显作用(国企“两利一率”考核压力影响了国有资本参股对民营企业探索式创新投入的作用);其次,缓解融资约束与提高风险承担能力是上述关系的作用机制;再次,制度环境、行业竞争和技术董事数量等情境因素会影响国有资本参股对民营企业开发式创新投入的治理效果;最后,国有资本参股能够通过提高开发式创新投入的方式提高民营企业价值。通过揭示国有资本参股对民营企业双元创新投入的影响及其作用机理,回应了国有产权对民营企业创新作用的研究分歧,也拓宽了混合所有制改革思路。

民营企业混合所有制与可持续发展——基于企业ESG绩效评价视角的研究

以2011—2021年沪深A股民营上市公司为样本,从企业ESG绩效的视角切入,深入考察民营企业混合所有制与可持续发展之间的关系。研究发现,国有资本参股民营企业显著提升了企业ESG绩效,该结论在经过Heckman两阶段模型、双重差分模型、倾向得分匹配法、Oster检验以及更换关键变量的度量方法等稳健性测试后仍然成立。作用机制检验结果表明,国有资本参股主要通过强化中小股东治理参与以及增强企业资源获取能力提升了民营企业ESG绩效。异质性分析显示,对于机构投资者持股比例较高、媒体关注度较高的民营企业,以及在经济政策不确定性较强时期,国有资本参股对企业ESG绩效的提升效应更明显。

混合所有制改革与民营经济高质量发展——基于企业ESG表现视角的研究

以2013—2021年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了国有资本参股对民营企业ESG表现的影响。研究发现,国有资本参股程度越高,民营企业ESG的表现越好。机制检验表明,国有资本参股通过提高环保补助、强化社会责任信息披露质量和降低第二类代理成本提高民营企业的ESG表现。此外,国家股参股和国有股权参与度高的企业中,国有资本参股对民营企业ESG表现的促进作用更为显著。分项检验发现,国有资本参股主要通过提高社会和治理维度来提高民营企业的ESG表现,而国有资本参股对环境表现的提高作用存在环境治理和压力的差异性。

基于生命周期碳排放和总拥有成本的公交车队更新优化

为探索电能和氢能源作为常规公交替代燃料的优势和潜力,确定公交车队更新时序的优化方案,从生命周期的角度综合考虑碳排放和总拥有成本的影响,提出了一种混合整数规划模型.基于柴油、天然气、油电混合、纯电动和氢燃料电池5种动力类型公交的运营数据,分析了电力结构、制氢方式、车辆购置成本和氢能源使用成本的不确定性对车队更新方案的影响.结果表明:电动公交车是当前公交车队更新的最佳选择;在现有的车辆技术水平和制氢方式情景下,不宜选择氢燃料电池公交;在蓝氢或绿氢得到大规模商业化之前,不建议通过财政补贴的方式全面推广氢燃料电池公交;采用该方法可以在不同情景和预期目标下确定公交车队的更新优化方案,促进绿色可持续发展.

非国有资本参股对国有企业数字化转型的影响研究

国有企业推进数字化转型在促进自身发展升级时也能产生广泛的社会价值。基于2007—2020年上市企业数据,对非国有资本参股与国有企业数字化转型的关系及其内在机理进行实证分析。研究结果表明:国有企业在数字化转型中面临情境式困境,非国有资本参股通过加强企业创新动力、激发高管企业家精神与完善人才激励机制促进数字化转型,从而实现国有经济的高质量发展,但其效果会因国有企业特征、非国有资本特征以及外部环境特征有所差异。

非国有股东参与治理影响国有企业战略激进度吗?

以2008—2020年国有上市制造企业为样本,手工收集非国有股东控制权数据构建非国有股东参与治理指标,分析股权和控制权非对等配置逻辑下非国有股东参与治理对国有企业战略激进度的影响,分析结果显示二者呈倒U型关系。因此,混合所有制改革不仅仅是股权层面的混合,更要考虑非国有股东控制权比例的合理安排,才能更好地发挥不同所有制资本的协同治理效应。进一步的分析结果显示,高金字塔层级组国有企业、地方国有企业及低市场化程度地区国有企业中的上述关系更为明显。该结论对国有企业混合所有制改革中推动非国有资本融入内部治理机制有一定的参考价值。

国企混改路径创新:从中长期实现共同富裕

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,是中国式现代化的重要特征。推进共同富裕离不开构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制,国有企业作为中国特色社会主义市场经济的根基,促进共同富裕就要稳步推进国有企业混合所有制改革,做强做优做大国有企业。本轮国企混改推动了国有经济与市场经济融合发展,在提高国企运行效率、推动经济增长等方面取得显著成效。但不同的改制路径也暴露出新的问题,员工权益保护不足、效率与公平关系处理不当、绩效薪酬体系不合理等影响着共同富裕的实现进程。从整体上市、引入战略投资者、员工持股、国企债务等方面分析国企混改现存问题对我国共同富裕实现进程产生的影响;并从发挥国企产业引领作用、深化国有经济科技创新驱动效应、找准国企职能定位、健全企业治理结构、优化营商环境、推进分配体系现代化等角度提出政策建议——国企混改应从模式创新入手推动国企高质量发展,在保持经济增长韧性与可持续性的同时,以中长期改善民生为导向,推动中国共同富裕目标尽早实现。

职教混改具体政策的基本内容、现实问题与创新策略

职教混改具体政策是指中央和地方政府等不同层次的政策主体在职教混改基本政策指导下,针对职教混改具体问题而制定的具体措施、行动准则和界限性规定。目前,各地出台的职教混改具体政策对混合所有制办学形式、混合所有制职业院校设立要求、职业院校混合所有制办学管理以及支持政策等作了相应的规定。由于思想认识的局限,实践探索经验的缺乏,加之理论研究的相对滞后,现行地方政府职教混改具体政策存在非公即私的线性思维定式、内容创新的成色不够高、政策实施的绩效不显著等问题。要推进职教混改具体政策创新,需彻底转变思想观念,扎实推进职教混改试点,深入开展职教混改理论探索,切实加强职教混改政策研究。

股权激励对国企创新投入的影响研究——基于混合所有制改革背景

选取2014—2019年沪深混改国企为研究样本,实证检验高管和核心技术及业务人员股权激励与企业创新投入的关系。结果表明:非国有股权制衡在影响高管股权激励促进创新投入的作用上表现为双重调节效应,在地方国企中更为明显。高管政治晋升激励对高管股权激励与创新投入关系的影响因国企层级而不同,在地方混改国企表现为正向调节效应,在混改央企表现为负向调节效应。研究结论为高管股权激励通过公司治理渠道影响企业创新提供了证据。

产教融合视域下行业协会举办职业教育的动因、问题及策略

随着职业教育逐步转向社会多元办学的发展格局,作为产教之间枢纽的行业协会,在职业教育发展中的地位日益得到重视。行业协会举办职业教育是职业教育融合发展的新路径,是产业与教育高质量同频共振发展的枢纽,但是现实中还存在政策法规不完善、组织结构不健全、办学功能不充分等制约因素,直接影响行业协会举办职业教育的作用发挥。因此,政府和行业协会应同向发力,通过完善政策法规,保障行业协会办学权利;健全治理体系,激发行业协会办学活力;创新举办形式,构建多元共商决策机制,使行业协会成为职业教育多元办学的生力军之一。

混合所有制视域下产业学院研究热点追溯与展望——基于中国知网(CNKI)来源期刊的文献研究(2016-2024)

研究通过对我国2016年到2024年之间的中国知网(CNKI)中文期刊相关文献进行综述发现,在国家层面职业教育改革系列政策文件的推动下,我国混合所有制视域下产业学院研究经历了理论构建与设想、实践运行与总结、高质发展与深化三个阶段。领域内的研究热点主要集中在混合所有制产业学院的组建逻辑、建设路径、运行困境和发展方向四个方面。混合所有制产业学院通过多元主体合作的形式,成为了连接政府、学校、企业三方的重要载体,同时也深入推动了产教融合。但在现实运行中仍面临法人地位模糊、治理困难、激励不足、定位不明等多重困境。因此,构建内涵更为丰富、格局更为宽广的行业型、区域型产业学院共同体将成为混合所有制视域下产业学院研究的新风向。