Effects of Meridional Flow Passage Shape on Hydraulic Performance of Mixed-flow Pump Impellers

During the process of designing the mixed-flow pump impeller, the meridional flow passage shape directly affects the obtained meridional flow field, which then has an influence on the three-dimensional impeller shape. However, the meridional flow passage shape is too complicated to be described by a simple formula for now. Therefore, reasonable parameter selection for the meridional flow passage is essential to the investigation. In order to explore the effects of the meridional flow passage shape on the impeller design and the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, the hub and shroud radius ratio (HSRR) of impeller and the outlet diffusion angle (ODA) of outlet zone are selected as the meridional flow passage parameters. 25 mixed-flow pump impellers, with specific speed of 496 under the design condition, are designed with various parameter combinations. Among these impellers, one with HSRR of 1.94 and ODA of 90° is selected to carry out the model test and the obtained experimental results are used to verify accuracies of the head and the hydraulic efficiency predicted by numerical simulation. Based on SIMPLE algorithm and standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model, the three-dimensional steady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved and the effects of different parameters on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers are analyzed. The analysis results demonstrate that there are optimal values of HSRR and ODA available, so the hydraulic performance and the internal flow of mixed-flow pumps can be improved by selecting appropriate values for the meridional flow passage parameters. The research on these two parameters, HSRR and ODA, has further illustrated influences of the meridional flow passage shape on the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, and is beneficial to improving the design of the mixed-flow pump impeller.

Experimental Study of the Influence of Flow Passage Subtle Variation on Mixed-flow Pump Performance

In the mixed-flow pump design, the shape of the flow passage can directly affect the flow capacity and the internal flow, thus influencing hydraulic performance, cavitation performance and operation stability of the mixed-flow pump. However, there is currently a lack of experimental research on the influence mechanism. Therefore, in order to analyze the effects of subtle variations of the flow passage on the mixed-flow pump performance, the frustum cone surface of the end part of inlet contraction flow passage of the mixed-flow pump is processed into a cylindrical surface and a test rig is built to carry out the hydraulic performance experiment. In this experiment, parameters, such as the head, the efficiency, and the shaft power, are measured, and the pressure fluctuation and the noise signal are also collected. The research results suggest that after processing the inlet flow passage, the head of the mixed-flow pump significantly goes down; the best efficiency of the mixed-flow pump drops by approximately 1.5%, the efficiency decreases more significantly under the large flow rate; the shaft power slightly increases under the large flow rate, slightly decreases under the small flow rate. In addition, the pressure fluctuation amplitudes on both the impeller inlet and the diffuser outlet increase significantly with more drastic pressure fluctuations and significantly lower stability of the internal flow of the mixed-flow pump. At the same time, the noise dramatically increases. Overall speaking, the subtle variation of the inlet flow passage leads to a significant change of the mixed-flow pump performance, thus suggesting a special attention to the optimization of flow passage. This paper investigates the influence of the flow passage variation on the mixed-flow pump performance by experiment, which will benefit the optimal design of the flow passage of the mixed-flow pump.

Influence of specific speed on hydraulic performances and pressure fluctuations in mixed-flow pumps

A series of steady and unsteady numerical calculations of the internal flow in mixed-flow pumps with three different specific speeds were carried out based on the N-S equation coupled with the standard k-εturbulence model under different operating conditions to investigate the relationship between the impeller specific speed and the pump performance as well as pressure pulsations.Meanwhile,the pump performance and pressure pulsations inside the mixed-flow pump with three different specific speeds were also analyzed and compared with the corresponding test data.From the results,the averaged deviations between the predicted and tested head among different impellers are below 5%,and with respect to the equivalent impeller specific speeds of 280 and 260,the values are 4.30%and 3.69%,respectively.For all the impeller schemes,the best efficiency point of the mixed-flow pump is found at the flow rate of 1.2 Q_(d) and the higher head deviation occurs at lower flow rates.Especially,it can be found that the specific speed has a slight effect on the pressure fluctuation in the impellers.Eventually,it is determined that the pump performance curves calculated by numerical simu-lations have good agreement with the relevant experimental results,which verifies that the numerical methods used in the present study are accurate to a certain extent.Furthermore,the results also provide some references to the pressure pulsation analysis and the performance improvement of the mixed-flow pump design.

Robust optimization design on impeller of mixed-flow pump

To increase the robustness of the optimization solutions of the mixed-flow pump,the impeller was firstly indirectly parameterized based on the 2D blade design theory.Secondly,the robustness of the optimization solution was mathematically defined,and then calculated by Monte Carlo sampling method.Thirdly,the optimization on the mixed-flow pump′s impeller was decomposed into the optimal and robust sub-optimization problems,to maximize the pump head and efficiency and minimize the fluctuation degree of them under varying working conditions at the same time.Fourthly,using response surface model,a surrogate model was established between the optimization objectives and control variables of the shape of the impeller.Finally,based on a multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm,a two-loop iterative optimization process was designed to find the optimal solution with good robustness.Comparing the original and optimized pump,it is found that the internal flow field of the optimized pump has been improved under various operating conditions,the hydraulic performance has been improved consequently,and the range of high efficient zone has also been widened.Besides,with the changing of working conditions,the change trend of the hydraulic performance of the optimized pump becomes gentler,the flow field distribution is more uniform,and the influence degree of the varia-tion of working conditions decreases,and the operating stability of the pump is improved.It is concluded that the robust optimization method proposed in this paper is a reasonable way to optimize the mixed-flow pump,and provides references for optimization problems of other fluid machinery.

Nozzle Optimization for Water Jet Propulsion with A Positive Displacement Pump

In the water jet propulsion system with a positive displacement （PD） pump, the nozzle, which converts pressure energy into kinetic energy, is one of the key parts exerting great influence on the reactive thrust and the efficiency of the system due to its high working pressure and easily occurring cavitation characteristics. Based on the previous studies of the energy loss and the pressure distribution of different nozzles, a model of water jet reactive thrust, which fully takes the energy loss and the nozzle parameters into consideration, is developed to optimize the nozzle design. Experiments and simulations are carried out to investigate the reactive thrust and the conversion efficiency of cylindrical nozzles, conical nozzles and optimized nozzles. The results show that the optimized nozzles have the largest reactive thrust and the highest energy conversion efficiency under the same inlet conditions. The related methods and conclusions are extended to the study of other applications of the water jet, such as water jet cutting, water mist fire suppression, water injection molding.

Effect of inlet elbow on rotation stall in waterjet ppropulsionpump

To study the influence of an elbow inlet on the rotating stall characteristics of a waterjet propulsion pump(WJPP),a three-dimensional internal flow field in a WJPP under a straight-pipe inlet and elbow inlet is numerically simulated.By comparing the hydraulic performance of WJPP under the two inlet conditions,the internal relationship between the inlet mode and the flow pattern in the pump is clarified.Based on unsteady pressure fluctuation characteristics and wavelet analysis,the influence of the inlet mode on the rotating stall is revealed,and the stall transient propagation characteristics under critical stall conditions are analyzed.The disturbance effects of the inlet channel geometry disappear under low flow rate conditions,the main disturbance is induced by the highspeed countercurrent,and the flow pattern under the elbow inlet is better than that under the straight-pipe inlet.Under the straight-pipe inlet,the single-stall nucleus in the WJPP temporarily experiences a low-frequency and high-amplitude disturbance,which subsequently transforms into a mode of multi-stall nuclei with high-frequency circumferential disturbance.Under the elbow inlet,the rotating stall always maintains a mode of high-amplitude and low-frequency disturbance,which represents the transient characteristics of a single stall core propagating in the circumferential direction inside the channel.The results of this study have a reference value for structural design optimization in a WJPP.

实尺度浸没式喷水推进泵设计参数选择与性能分析

为设计某浸没式喷水推进泵,以某小型轴流式喷水推进泵为对象建立浸没式喷射模型,采用CFD方法模拟分析浸没喷射对喷泵水力性能的影响。研究表明,浸没式喷射对喷泵水力性能的影响变化不大。根据喷水推进和船体边界层基本理论,考虑喷泵工作环境不同时的水力特性变化,基于Matlab/simulink仿真平台建立浸没式喷水推进泵水力设计参数选型程序,实现快速高效地得到喷泵基本设计参数为设计者提供设计依据。根据选型结果运用三元理论设计出所需喷泵,运用CFD方法获取浸没式喷泵的敞水水力性能,并安装到实尺度船上预报推进性能,结果表明浸没式推进系统具有较高的推进效率、满足快速性要求,验证了设计参数选型程序的适用性。

混流式喷水推进泵三元设计及数值试验

为了快速、准确地设计出高质量喷水推进泵,采用三元反问题计算与正问题计算相互迭代的方法对某混流式喷水推进泵进行了设计.基于三元的方法对喷水推进泵叶轮进行设计,把叶轮内的三维流动分解为周向平均流动和周向脉动流动,周向平均流动方程直接由三维Euler方程作周向平均导出,周向脉动流动由Clebsch变换建立起控制方程;用置于叶片中心面上的涡来代替叶片对流场的作用,而叶片形状以满足流动边界条件迭代确定.用考虑流体粘性的雷诺时均方法(RANS)对所设计泵进行数值试验,计算结果表明:所设计泵在设计点效率达到90.5%,设计转速下喷泵NPSHr远小于设计指标,并且在较宽的流量范围内具有良好的水力性能,验证了设计方法的准确性和有效性.

混流式喷水推进泵水力设计和性能预报

基于Matlab-Simulink平台开发了一套混流式喷水推进泵参数化水力设计程序,能快速优质完成混流式喷水推进泵设计时轴面投影图绘制、过流面积检查、流网绘制和逐点积分法叶片绘型等环节.采用CFD技术,通过几何建模、网格划分、边界初始和数值计算等步骤实现了对所设计混流式喷水推进泵的扬程、功率、效率和抗汽蚀性能的快速预报,并根据泵内具体流动细节为进一步改善结构、优化性能提供依据.通过实例阐述了混流式喷水推进泵CAD设计和CFD水力性能预报的各个环节,结果表明:基于此程序设计的混流式喷水推进泵达到了设计要求.

喷水推进泵空化性能数值模拟与试验验证

为研究喷水推进泵空化性能,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对自行设计的喷水推进泵内部空化流场进行了数值计算与分析。用六面体结构化网格对喷水推进泵的进流管道、叶轮、导叶体和出流管道进行网格划分;通过求解由SST湍流模型封闭的RANS方程计算得到喷水推进泵内部流场,计算得到的扬程、功率和效率特性曲线与试验结果吻合较好。文中还对多个流量的空化性能进行了数值预报,计算结果与试验数据在趋势上具有一致性;小流量工况的临界净正吸头与试验值误差较小,而大流量工况的临界净正吸头与试验值误差较大。研究结果表明:采用CFD方法预报喷水推进泵内部空化流场和空化性能是可行的,可作为喷水推进泵优化设计的有效途径。

喷水推进泵压力脉动特性数值计算及分析

针对喷水推进器装船后不均匀来流对压力脉动特性的影响,以某巡逻艇喷水推进混流泵为研究对象,基于RANS方程和SST湍流模型,通过流体动力学软件CFX稳态计算,进行了巡逻艇航速数值预报,所得计算值与试航值误差为1.8%,从而验证了计算流体动力数值计算的可信性。采用分离涡模拟方法,对敞水泵和装船泵进行了三维非定常数值模拟,计算分析了叶轮进出口、叶轮内部、导叶内部及喷口5个截面和叶轮叶顶间隙处的压力脉动,并对不均匀来流带来的差别进行了研究。结果表明:在敞水泵和船后泵的叶轮出口、导叶内部,水流距叶轮越远,压力脉动影响越小,压力脉动频率取决于叶轮转动频率,压力脉动幅值沿轮毂到轮缘逐渐增大,船后泵压力脉动幅值整体高于敞水泵;对于均匀来流,敞水泵旋转域叶轮室的压力脉动频率主要受导叶的影响,船后泵则受轴频的影响,二者压力脉动幅值在叶顶间隙处均从叶顶沿导边到随边逐渐增大;对于敞水泵,流道出口压力脉动频率主要受叶频控制,对于船后泵,压力脉动频率为轴频。

轴流式喷水推进泵水力设计和性能检验

基于Matlab-Simulink建立了一套轴流式喷水推进泵计算机辅助设计(CAD)程序(其中叶轮采用升力法设计,导叶采用流线法设计),实现了其水力设计参数的快速选择与计算,直接得到了叶片流面的空间坐标,可方便进行三维几何造型.采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,通过建立计算域、划分高质量结构化网格、定义边界条件、数值计算和后处理等步骤详细分析了所设计轴流式喷水推进泵内流场分布,并对扬程、效率等水力性能进行综合检验.通过实例详细阐述了轴流式喷水推进泵CAD设计和CFD水力性能预报的各个环节,结果表明该方法可快速、高效、优质的完成轴流式喷水推进泵的水力设计、性能评估和结构优化,对加速喷水推进泵的研发和促进喷水推进在国内应用具有积极意义.

混流泵叶轮内空化流动的数值计算

本文应用三维Navier-Stokes方程和κ-ε两方程湍流模型以及全空化模型,对一台喷水推进混流泵叶轮内的空化流动进行数值模拟。介绍了空化流动的模拟方法,并计算了混流泵的空化性能指标,有效地预测了叶片上空化发生的区域和空化流动的发展情况。文中还对两种进口相对流动角作了数值计算,结果表明小的相对流动角可以提高混流泵的空化性能,但却使扬程有所下降。

CFD在船舶喷水推进器设计与性能分析中的应用

为进一步深入研究喷水推进器的性能,讨论了计算流体力学作为一种先进手段在喷水推进器设计和性能分析中的应用.通过求解雷诺时均的控制方程,计算了某喷水推进泵和"喷水推进器+船体"的流场.利用计算流体力学(CFD)的后处理技术,分析了喷水推进泵的流动特点,发现了泵设计的不足并提出了可改进之处.CFD方法分析"喷水推进器+船体"流动特性比传统理论方法更准确、细致、方便.借助CFD工具,可在模型试验之前对喷水推进器的设计进行深入分析和优化设计,还可完成性能预报.

喷水推进混流泵叶片径向力

水力机械内的水压力脉动常常导致叶片的疲劳破坏及共振,为了研究叶片旋转交互作用引起的流体诱导水压力,基于CFD计算和模型试验开展导叶式喷水推进混流泵叶片交互作用径向力研究.建立了一个闭式的混流泵试验循环系统,在叶轮和泵轴内内置同步旋转测力计测量叶轮上的瞬时力和转矩.通过大量的标定确定试验轴系的动态特性.采用Fluent软件进行非定常数值模拟,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行了比较,分析了产生偏差的原因.结果表明:叶片旋转经过时的轴上径向作用力的频率与工况有关,同时叶片激发的径向力导致叶轮有与轴旋转方向相反旋转的趋势;计算的推进泵外特性与试验吻合较好,同时叶片交互作用径向力的量级也有较好的吻合度;从小流量到大流量工况,计算结果的变化趋势与试验结果一致.

浸没式喷水推进泵设计及装船后性能预报

为了设计浸没式喷水推进泵,以国外某喷水推进混流泵为对象建立了浸没式喷射模型,运用计算流体力学(CFD)瞬态模拟方法研究了2种转速时浸没式喷射对喷水推进泵水力性能的影响。研究表明,无论是低转速还是设计转速,浸没式喷射时喷水推进泵的扬程、轴功率、效率变化都小于1%,且叶片的空化无明显变化。由此,运用三元设计方法设计了一型适用于常规尾板式喷水推进的喷水推进泵,即按常规尾板式喷水推进的"船-泵-机"匹配方法选定喷水推进泵的设计参数,按基于环量的三元方法进行喷泵的水力设计,喷泵为6片叶片、9片导叶。最后,运用计算流体力学方法对实尺浸没式喷水推进器与船体的组合结构进行了数值模拟,结果表明,在设计航速时,该喷水推进泵完全浸没在水中工作的水力性能变化很小,进而得出浸没式喷水推进泵可以按照常规尾板式喷水推进泵的设计方法进行设计的结论。

采用CFD方法的喷水推进轴流泵导叶整流性能改进研究

采用CFD方法对某喷水推进双级轴流泵流体动力性能进行预报,通过与实验结果的对比确认了该方法的可信性。通过观察设计工况泵内部流场速度、压力等参量和流线分布情况,并考察导叶出口沿不同半径处的速度环量分布,发现导叶的整流效果有进一步提高的空间。基于圆弧骨线设计法,改变导叶叶片安放角,对该轴流泵重新进行数值计算与分析。计算结果表明,改进后导叶的整流性能得到改善。最后,对比分析了不同导叶叶片数对整流性能的影响。

基于CFD的船舶喷水推进器优化设计

介绍了计算流体力学(CFD)作为一种先进手段在喷水推进器水力性能分析、结构优化设计和推进性能检验中的重要应用。界定了喷水推进器数值计算域,采用结构化网格进行空间离散,选择剪切应力输运湍流模型进行数值计算。在进行了网格无关性分析的基础上,计算了某新型喷水推进泵的外特性,并采用多种定性和定量指标对导叶的整流效果和进水流道的引流性能进行评估,并进行了合理的优化改进。在各部件性能优良的基础上,对"船+泵"流场进行整体计算,通过壁面积分法求取喷水推进器产生的有效推力进行船舶快速性预报。CFD技术的应用为喷水推进器最终设计成功提供了有力保障。

喷水推进泵三维造型研究及其流体动力性能CFD分析

以典型CAD软件UG为工具,结合数值模拟过程中网格划分和参数设置的要求,完成某种混流式喷水推进泵的几何建模,应用计算流体动力学程序对上述模型进行数值计算.CFD计算是针对泵整体流场控制体来进行的,而流场区域离散又需要针对各结构部件分别处理,UG层设置功能能较好地协调两者处理时转换的不便.通过CAD软件和网格划分软件相结合解决了几何建模时叶轮叶顶间隙难以控制的问题.泵流场区域离散采用结构化网格.选取SST紊流模型,采用稳态多参考系方法进行计算.在设计工况和非设计工况下计算所得该混流泵性能参数均与设计所提供值有较好的一致性.

喷水推进双级轴流泵流体动力性能CFD分析

采用高质量结构化网格对某喷水推进双级轴流泵整个数值模拟系统的各部件进行区域离散,利用CFD方法预报该泵扬程、功率和效率等外特性,分析其内部流动情况。计算结果与实验数据的较好吻合证明了CFD方法可以作为通过试验求取喷水推进双级轴流泵特性曲线的辅助方法。研究中对有、无轴情况下双级轴流泵外特性的预报和比较结果表明,轴对该泵动力性能预报结果影响不大;通过计算叶片压力分布,验证了该双级泵叶轮叶片设计中采用的线型;通过观察一、二级导叶出口的流动状态,分析了该泵设计中存在的缺陷,并为导叶改进设计提出建议。