A numerical study of mixing intensification for highly viscous fluids in multistage rotor-stator mixers

How to achieve uniform mixing of highly viscous fluids with low energy consumption is a major industry demand and one of the hot spots of mixing research.A typical multistage rotor-stator mixer(MRSM)equipped with a distributor was investigated to disclose the effects on the mixing performance and power consumption for highly viscous fluids via numerical simulation,considering the influence factors associated with different geometric parameters of both MRSM and the distributor.The mixing index and power consumption are used to evaluate the performance of the mixers.The dimensionless correlations for the mixing index and the power consumption are established considering the factors including the flow rate,rotor speed,the number of mixing units.Adopting the optimized mixer with the distributor(X1-T1),the mixing index increases to 0.85(obviously higher than 0.46 for the mixer T1 without a distributor),meanwhile the corresponding power consumption is about 1/5 of that of T1 achieving the same mixing effect.It illustrates that the distributor can significantly improve the mixing of highly viscous fluids in the MRSM without the cost of large power consumption.These results would provide a guidance on the design and optimization of multistage rotor-stator mixers in industrial applications.

Numerical simulation on micromixer based on synthetic jet

This paper studied a concept of micromixer with a synthetic jet placed at the bottom of a rectangular channel. Due to periodic ejections from and suctions into the channel, the fluids are mixed effectively. To study the effects of the inlet velocity, the jet intensity and frequency, and the jet location on the mixing efficiency, 3-D numerical simulations of the micromixer have been carried out. It has been found that when the jet intensity and the frequency are fixed, the mixing efficiency increases when Re 〈 50, and decreases when Re 〉 50 with the best mixing efficiency achieved at Re = 50. When the ratio of the jet velocity magnitude to the inlet velocity is taken as 10 and the jet frequency is 100 Hz, the mixing index reaches the highest value. It has also been found that to get better mixing efficiency, the orifice of the synthetic jet should be asymmetrically located away from the channel＇s centerline.

A solids mixing rate correlation for small scale fluidized beds

A new first degree solids mixing rate is proposed to evaluate the mixing of solids in small scale Iluidized beds. Particle mixing experiments were carried out in a 2D fluidized bed with a cross-section of 0.02 m × 0.2 m and a height of Im. white and black particles with average diameters of 850 and 450 μm were used in our experiments. Image processing was used to measure the concentration of the tracers at different times. The effects of four representative operating parameters （superficial gas velocity, ratio of tracer particles to bed particles, tracer particle position, and particle size） on mixing are discussed with reference to the mixing index. We found that the Lacey index depends on the concentration of the tracers, The position of the tracers affects the initial mixing rate but not the final degree of mixing. However, the new mixing rate equation does not depend on the initial configuration of the particles because this situation is considered to be the initial condition. Using the data obtained in this work and that found in literature, an empirical correlation is proposed to evaluate the mixing rate constant as a function of dimensionless numbers （Archimedes, Reynolds, and Froude） in small scale fluidized beds. This correlation allows for an estimation of the mixing rate under different operating conditions and for the detection of the end point and/or the time of mixing.

DEM investigation of mixing indices in a ribbon mixer

Mixing index is an important parameter to understand and assess the mixing state in various mixers including ribbon mixers,the typical food processing devices.Many mixing indices based on either sample variance methods or non-sample variance methods have been proposed and used in the past,however,they were not well compared in the literature to evaluate their accuracy of assessing the final mixing state.In this study,discrete element method(DEM)modelling is used to investigate and compare the accuracy of these mixing indices for mixing of uniform particles in a horizontal cylindrical ribbon mixer.The sample variance methods for mixing indices are first compared both at particle-and macro-scale levels.In addition,non-sample variance methods,namely entropy and non-sampling indices are compared against the results from the sample variance methods.The simulation results indicate that,among the indices considered in this study,Lacey index shows the most accurate results.The Lacey index is regarded to be the most suitable mixing index to evaluate the steady-state mixing state of the ribbon mixer in the real-time(or without stopping the impeller)at both the particle-and macro-scale levels.The study is useful for the selection of a proper mixing index for a specific mixture in a given mixer.

Multi-fluid Eulerian simulation of mixing of binary particles in a gas-solid fluidized bed with a cohesive particle-particle drag model

A particle-particle(p-p)drag model is extended to cohesive particle flow by introducing solid surface energy to characterize cohesive collision energy loss.The effects of the proportion of cohesive particles on the mixing of binary particles were numerically investigated with the use of a Eulerian multiphase flow model incorporating the p-p drag model.The bed expansion,mixing,and segregation of Geldart-A and C particles were simulated with varying superficial velocities and Geldart-C particle proportions,from which we found that the p-p drag model can reasonably predict bed expansion of binary particles.Two segregation types of jetsam-mixture-flotsam and mixture-flotsam processes were observed during the fluidization processes for the Geldart-A and C binary particle system.The mixing processes of the binary particle system can be divided into three scales:macro-scale mixing,meso-scale mixing,and micro-scale mixing.At a constant superficial velocity the optimal mixing was observed for a certain cohesive particle proportion.

Using the discrete element method to assess the mixing of polydisperse solid particles in a rotary drum

Despite the wide applications of powder and solid mixing in industry, knowledge on the mixing of polydisperse solid particles in rotary drum blenders is lacking. This study investigates the mixing of monodisperse, bidisperse, tridisperse, and polydisperse solid particles in a rotary drum using the dis- crete element method. To validate the model developed in this study, experimental and simulation results were compared. The validated model was then employed to investigate the effects of the drum rotational speed, particle size, and initial loading method on the mixing quality. The degree of mixing of polydis- perse particles was smaller than that for monodisperse particles owing to the segregation phenomenon. The mixing index increased from an initial value to a maximum and decreased slightly before reaching a plateau for bidisperse, tridisperse, and polydisperse particles as a direct result of the segregation of par- ticles of different sizes. Final mixing indices were higher for polydisperse particles than for tridisperse and bidisperse particles. Additionally, segregation was weakened by introducing additional particles of intermediate size. The best mixing of bidisperse and tridisperse particles was achieved for top-bottom smaller-to-larger initial loading, while that of polydisperse systems was achieved using top-bottom smaller-to-larger and top-bottom larger-to-smaller initial loading methods.

Investigation of dense slurry suspensions with coaxial mixers:Influences of design variables through tomography and mathematical modelling

The coaxial mixers enhance the suspension of concentrated slurries in an agitated reactor.In this research work,the complex slurry suspension and dissemination behavior in a coaxial slurry mixing system(comprised of a close clearance anchor rotating with a low speed and an inner axial impeller rotating with a high speed)was analyzed employing ERT(electrical resistance tomography,a non-intrusive flow visualization technique),and computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The numerical models were validated by comparing the axial solid concentration profiles generated using the ERT data and the CFD simulation results.The influences of various important parameters such as the diameter of the inner axial impeller,the inner impeller type,and the inner impeller spacing on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the slurry suspensions in a coaxial mixing vessel were thoroughly analyzed.The radial and axial velocity profiles of solid particles were generated using the validated mathematical models.The assessment of energy loss due to the solid-solid collisions,the particle-fluid frictions,and the particle-vessel wall collisions was conducted.The evaluation of optimum inner impeller clearance and inner impeller diameter is essential to attain a high degree of solids suspension and dissemination in a coaxial slurry mixing system.