The typical black storms or sand-dust storms in the northwestern China are generated and developed through an interaction between the specific large scale circulation pattern and mesoseale systems.The passing by/over ...The typical black storms or sand-dust storms in the northwestern China are generated and developed through an interaction between the specific large scale circulation pattern and mesoseale systems.The passing by/over a huge sand-abundant desert of a strong cold front with intensive frontal zone at mid and lower levels is a necessary condition for the formation and development of a black storm or a severe sand-dust storm.In order to investigate the mechanism of the sand-dust mobilization,transport and sedimentation during the black or sand-dust storms,a parameterization scheme of sand-dust source-sink terms and an equation of transport for the sand-dust were proposed and incorporated into the MM4 mesoscale model.The modified MM4 model was applied to the“May 1993”black storm case and succeeded in reproducing the evolution of the weather systems associated with the black-storm,the sand-dust concentration at surface layer and its vertical distribution,and the sand-dust sedimentation and transport.Our results show that the numerical simulating method by using a mesoscale model,with inclusion of an equation of the sand-dust transport and a parameterization scheme of the sand-dust source-sink terms,is a promising approach to study the mechanism for sand-dust mobilization,transport and sedimentation during a sand-dust storm event.展开更多
We report the growth of high-quality single crystals of RhP_(2),and systematically study its structure and physical properties by transport,magnetism,and heat capacity measurements.Single-crystal x-ray diffraction rev...We report the growth of high-quality single crystals of RhP_(2),and systematically study its structure and physical properties by transport,magnetism,and heat capacity measurements.Single-crystal x-ray diffraction reveals that RhP_(2) adopts a monoclinic structure with the cell parameters a=5.7347(10)A,b=5.7804(11)A,and c=5.8222(11)A,space group P2_(1)/c(No.14).The electrical resistivityρ(T)measurements indicate that RhP_(2) exhibits narrow-bandgap behavior with the activation energies of 223.1 meV and 27.4 meV for two distinct regions,respectively.The temperaturedependent Hall effect measurements show electron domain transport behavior with a low charge carrier concentration.We find that RhP_(2) has a high mobilityμ_(e)~210 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1)with carrier concentrations n_(e)~3.3×10^(18)cm^(3) at 300 K with a narrow-bandgap feature.The high mobilityμ_(e) reaches the maximum of approximately 340 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1)with carrier concentrations n_^(e)~2×10^(18)cm^(-3)at 100 K.No magnetic phase transitions are observed from the susceptibilityχ(T)and specific heat C_(p)(T)measurements of RhP_(2).Our results not only provide effective potential as a material platform for studying exotic physical properties and electron band structures but also motivate further exploration of their potential photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Low-temperature processed electron transport layer(ETL)of TiO_(2)that is widely used in planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has inherent low carrier mobility,resulting in insufficient photogenerated elec-tron transport...Low-temperature processed electron transport layer(ETL)of TiO_(2)that is widely used in planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has inherent low carrier mobility,resulting in insufficient photogenerated elec-tron transport and thus recombination loss at buried interface.Herein,we demonstrate an effective strategy of laser embedding of p-n homojunctions in the TiO_(2)ETL to accelerate electron transport in PSCs,through localized build-in electric fields that enables boosted electron mobility by two orders of magnitude.Such embedding is found significantly helpful for not only the enhanced crystallization quality of TiO_(2)ETL,but the fabrication of perovskite films with larger-grain and the less-trap-states.The embedded p-n homojunction enables also the modulation of interfacial energy level between perovskite layers and ETLs,favoring for the reduced voltage deficit of PSCs.Benefiting from these merits,the formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))PSCs employing such ETLs deliver a champion efficiency of 25.50%,along with much-improved device stability under harsh conditions,i.e.,maintain over 95%of their initial efficiency after operation at maximum power point under continuous heat and illumination for 500 h,as well as mixed-cation PSCs with a champion efficiency of 22.02%and over 3000 h of ambient storage under humidity stability of 40%.Present study offers new possibilities of regulating charge transport layers via p-n homojunction embedding for high performance optoelectronics.展开更多
With the advent of 5G era,the rise of cloud services,virtual reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),vehicle networking and other technologies has put forward new requirements for the bandwidth and delay of the bearer network....With the advent of 5G era,the rise of cloud services,virtual reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),vehicle networking and other technologies has put forward new requirements for the bandwidth and delay of the bearer network.Traditional Ethernet technology cannot meet the new requirements very well.Flex Ethernet(FlexE)technology has emerged as the times require.This paper introduces the background,standardization process,functional principle,application mode and technical advantages of FlexE technology,and finally analyses its application prospects and shortcomings in 5G mobile transport network.展开更多
Rapid developments of mobile technologies, data acquisition and big data analytics, and their integration with critical application domains such as transportation systems have the potential to produce more efficient, ...Rapid developments of mobile technologies, data acquisition and big data analytics, and their integration with critical application domains such as transportation systems have the potential to produce more efficient, real-time, intelligent and safe transportation infrastructure. To increase the quality of transportation services, wireless sensor networks, mobile phones, crowd sourcing, RFID and Bluetooth technologies are being used. We surveyed innovations that were transformed from ideas in research labs into commercial systems in practical use. In this paper, we present some innovative mobile technologies, services and platforms that are being used in modern transportation applications including traffic data acquisition, traffic management and control, route optimizations, infrastructure redesign, road safety and enhancing user experience.展开更多
Redesign of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities and sustainable mobility possibilities and utilization of already occupied areas for motorized and non-motorized transport in cities. Reserved area for publi...Redesign of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities and sustainable mobility possibilities and utilization of already occupied areas for motorized and non-motorized transport in cities. Reserved area for public transport may be the redesign much more to take advantage of without taking up new space in cities. Redesigned solutions shown in the work of public mass transport and the redesign of non-motorized transport, bicycle and pedestrian paths point to the improved use and safety of movement of passengers, cyclists and pedestrians. This paper presents five redesigned concept designs as improving existing forms of transport and movement of cyclists and pedestrians in cities. Redesigned conceptual designs of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities should serve as ideas for the growing problems of urban development in the segment of insufficient surface for pedestrians and cyclists, as well as sustainable mobility transport people in the city.展开更多
Embedded in an INTERREG IVc project called Flexible Transport Services (FTS) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platform for Eco-Mobility in urban and rural European areas (acronym: FLIPPER), th...Embedded in an INTERREG IVc project called Flexible Transport Services (FTS) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platform for Eco-Mobility in urban and rural European areas (acronym: FLIPPER), the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences in Vienna, Austria, analysed impacts of Flexible Transport Services focusing on Demand Responsive Public Transport (DRT). This includes the analysis of site characteristics, the existing mobility demand, accessibility, area needs, current environmental impact, operational, financial and organisational constraints; designing of the service and definition of the supporting organisational measures required. Examples of realised services in Alpine areas in Austria confirm the effects on people's daily mobility and all its consequences towards society and environment. Main effects are the decrease of public funding needs and ensuring a basic transport supply even in rural areas. Additionally, there is a strong component of social inclusion in this service, increasing the quality of life capable to contribute to the deceleration of the out migration. As secondary effects, economic effects and environmental effects can be observed. The potential of these services are not fully utilised today and can be achieved through further extensions of service area as well as technical developments.展开更多
Global aging has brought attention to addressing the elderly mobility dilemma,and a commitment to address inclusive transport in aging.Transport inclusion for older adults aims at establishing an age-friendly transpor...Global aging has brought attention to addressing the elderly mobility dilemma,and a commitment to address inclusive transport in aging.Transport inclusion for older adults aims at establishing an age-friendly transport system.As a direct policy goal and promoting active aging as an indirect social goal,to help older populations gain access to transport and social opportunities.Based on the analysis of scientific knowledge mapping over the past 30 years,this study visualizes the hotspots and trends in elderly mobility research.Through a qualitative analysis of 138 papers,this paper reviews the theoretical foundations for transport inclusion and three themes of elderly mobility research,proposes a framework for public transport(PT)inclusion research as well as future research directions.The study suggests that transport inclusion can help enhance elderly health,social participation,and subjective well-being.It can improve their travel opportunities for active aging in four ways:opportunity accessibility,physical accessibility,age-friendly informationalization,and cost affordability.Future research should pay attention to examining the mechanism of perceived transport inclusion on active aging,expanding the multilevel research space of the capability approach(CA),and exploring the subjectiveobjective integrated research model for PT inclusion.This research contributes to the overall knowledge of the theoretical and empirical researches on PT inclusion for the elderly and promotes the integrated application of interdisciplinary knowledge in the field.展开更多
Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adap...Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adaptation to such nutrient stresses.In this study,we used transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze how soybean(Glycine max)and its parasitizing dodder(Cuscuta australis)respond to nitrate and phosphate deficiency(-N and-P).After-N and-P treatment,the soybean and dodder plants exhibited substantial changes of transcriptome and proteome,although soybean plants showed very few transcriptional responses to-P and dodder did not show any transcriptional changes to either-N or-P.Importantly,large-scale interplant transport of mRNAs and proteins was detected.Although the mobile mRNAs only comprised at most 0.2%of the transcriptomes,the foreign mobile proteins could reach 6.8%of the total proteins,suggesting that proteins may be the major forms of interplant communications.Furthermore,the interplant mobility of macromolecules was specifically affected by the nutrient regimes and the transport of these macromolecules was very likely independently regulated.This study provides new insight into the communication between host plants and parasites under stress conditions.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 49475268
文摘The typical black storms or sand-dust storms in the northwestern China are generated and developed through an interaction between the specific large scale circulation pattern and mesoseale systems.The passing by/over a huge sand-abundant desert of a strong cold front with intensive frontal zone at mid and lower levels is a necessary condition for the formation and development of a black storm or a severe sand-dust storm.In order to investigate the mechanism of the sand-dust mobilization,transport and sedimentation during the black or sand-dust storms,a parameterization scheme of sand-dust source-sink terms and an equation of transport for the sand-dust were proposed and incorporated into the MM4 mesoscale model.The modified MM4 model was applied to the“May 1993”black storm case and succeeded in reproducing the evolution of the weather systems associated with the black-storm,the sand-dust concentration at surface layer and its vertical distribution,and the sand-dust sedimentation and transport.Our results show that the numerical simulating method by using a mesoscale model,with inclusion of an equation of the sand-dust transport and a parameterization scheme of the sand-dust source-sink terms,is a promising approach to study the mechanism for sand-dust mobilization,transport and sedimentation during a sand-dust storm event.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2017YFA0302901)the Strategic Priority Research Program,the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB33010100)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12134018,11921004,and 11634015)the Foundation of Quantum Science Center of Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area,China (Grant No.QD2301005)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (Grant No.2021M693370)the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility (SECUF)。
文摘We report the growth of high-quality single crystals of RhP_(2),and systematically study its structure and physical properties by transport,magnetism,and heat capacity measurements.Single-crystal x-ray diffraction reveals that RhP_(2) adopts a monoclinic structure with the cell parameters a=5.7347(10)A,b=5.7804(11)A,and c=5.8222(11)A,space group P2_(1)/c(No.14).The electrical resistivityρ(T)measurements indicate that RhP_(2) exhibits narrow-bandgap behavior with the activation energies of 223.1 meV and 27.4 meV for two distinct regions,respectively.The temperaturedependent Hall effect measurements show electron domain transport behavior with a low charge carrier concentration.We find that RhP_(2) has a high mobilityμ_(e)~210 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1)with carrier concentrations n_(e)~3.3×10^(18)cm^(3) at 300 K with a narrow-bandgap feature.The high mobilityμ_(e) reaches the maximum of approximately 340 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1)with carrier concentrations n_^(e)~2×10^(18)cm^(-3)at 100 K.No magnetic phase transitions are observed from the susceptibilityχ(T)and specific heat C_(p)(T)measurements of RhP_(2).Our results not only provide effective potential as a material platform for studying exotic physical properties and electron band structures but also motivate further exploration of their potential photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.
基金financially supported by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202115 and 52172101)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722586)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1085)the Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team(2023-CX-TD-44)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019JC005 and G2022KY0604)。
文摘Low-temperature processed electron transport layer(ETL)of TiO_(2)that is widely used in planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has inherent low carrier mobility,resulting in insufficient photogenerated elec-tron transport and thus recombination loss at buried interface.Herein,we demonstrate an effective strategy of laser embedding of p-n homojunctions in the TiO_(2)ETL to accelerate electron transport in PSCs,through localized build-in electric fields that enables boosted electron mobility by two orders of magnitude.Such embedding is found significantly helpful for not only the enhanced crystallization quality of TiO_(2)ETL,but the fabrication of perovskite films with larger-grain and the less-trap-states.The embedded p-n homojunction enables also the modulation of interfacial energy level between perovskite layers and ETLs,favoring for the reduced voltage deficit of PSCs.Benefiting from these merits,the formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))PSCs employing such ETLs deliver a champion efficiency of 25.50%,along with much-improved device stability under harsh conditions,i.e.,maintain over 95%of their initial efficiency after operation at maximum power point under continuous heat and illumination for 500 h,as well as mixed-cation PSCs with a champion efficiency of 22.02%and over 3000 h of ambient storage under humidity stability of 40%.Present study offers new possibilities of regulating charge transport layers via p-n homojunction embedding for high performance optoelectronics.
文摘With the advent of 5G era,the rise of cloud services,virtual reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),vehicle networking and other technologies has put forward new requirements for the bandwidth and delay of the bearer network.Traditional Ethernet technology cannot meet the new requirements very well.Flex Ethernet(FlexE)technology has emerged as the times require.This paper introduces the background,standardization process,functional principle,application mode and technical advantages of FlexE technology,and finally analyses its application prospects and shortcomings in 5G mobile transport network.
文摘Rapid developments of mobile technologies, data acquisition and big data analytics, and their integration with critical application domains such as transportation systems have the potential to produce more efficient, real-time, intelligent and safe transportation infrastructure. To increase the quality of transportation services, wireless sensor networks, mobile phones, crowd sourcing, RFID and Bluetooth technologies are being used. We surveyed innovations that were transformed from ideas in research labs into commercial systems in practical use. In this paper, we present some innovative mobile technologies, services and platforms that are being used in modern transportation applications including traffic data acquisition, traffic management and control, route optimizations, infrastructure redesign, road safety and enhancing user experience.
文摘Redesign of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities and sustainable mobility possibilities and utilization of already occupied areas for motorized and non-motorized transport in cities. Reserved area for public transport may be the redesign much more to take advantage of without taking up new space in cities. Redesigned solutions shown in the work of public mass transport and the redesign of non-motorized transport, bicycle and pedestrian paths point to the improved use and safety of movement of passengers, cyclists and pedestrians. This paper presents five redesigned concept designs as improving existing forms of transport and movement of cyclists and pedestrians in cities. Redesigned conceptual designs of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities should serve as ideas for the growing problems of urban development in the segment of insufficient surface for pedestrians and cyclists, as well as sustainable mobility transport people in the city.
文摘Embedded in an INTERREG IVc project called Flexible Transport Services (FTS) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platform for Eco-Mobility in urban and rural European areas (acronym: FLIPPER), the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences in Vienna, Austria, analysed impacts of Flexible Transport Services focusing on Demand Responsive Public Transport (DRT). This includes the analysis of site characteristics, the existing mobility demand, accessibility, area needs, current environmental impact, operational, financial and organisational constraints; designing of the service and definition of the supporting organisational measures required. Examples of realised services in Alpine areas in Austria confirm the effects on people's daily mobility and all its consequences towards society and environment. Main effects are the decrease of public funding needs and ensuring a basic transport supply even in rural areas. Additionally, there is a strong component of social inclusion in this service, increasing the quality of life capable to contribute to the deceleration of the out migration. As secondary effects, economic effects and environmental effects can be observed. The potential of these services are not fully utilised today and can be achieved through further extensions of service area as well as technical developments.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11574319, 11304316, 11304317), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2011YQ130018), Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province, and by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
基金supported by the Key Projects of Central Universities:Research on the Theory and Practice of Transport Inclusion for Active aging(No.300102112601)the Transformation Program of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Sichuan Province:Intelligent Scheduling System of Dynamic Logistics Based on Complex Network(No.2021ZHCG0008).
文摘Global aging has brought attention to addressing the elderly mobility dilemma,and a commitment to address inclusive transport in aging.Transport inclusion for older adults aims at establishing an age-friendly transport system.As a direct policy goal and promoting active aging as an indirect social goal,to help older populations gain access to transport and social opportunities.Based on the analysis of scientific knowledge mapping over the past 30 years,this study visualizes the hotspots and trends in elderly mobility research.Through a qualitative analysis of 138 papers,this paper reviews the theoretical foundations for transport inclusion and three themes of elderly mobility research,proposes a framework for public transport(PT)inclusion research as well as future research directions.The study suggests that transport inclusion can help enhance elderly health,social participation,and subjective well-being.It can improve their travel opportunities for active aging in four ways:opportunity accessibility,physical accessibility,age-friendly informationalization,and cost affordability.Future research should pay attention to examining the mechanism of perceived transport inclusion on active aging,expanding the multilevel research space of the capability approach(CA),and exploring the subjectiveobjective integrated research model for PT inclusion.This research contributes to the overall knowledge of the theoretical and empirical researches on PT inclusion for the elderly and promotes the integrated application of interdisciplinary knowledge in the field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970274 (J.W.), 32170272 (X.W.), 32100251 (J.Z.), 32000179 (Y.X.))the Special Research Assistant of Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.Z. and Y.X.), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M713224 (J.Z.))+6 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB16 (J.W.))the Yunnan Innovation Team Project (202105AE160013 (J.W.))CAS “Light of West China” Program (G.S.)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program “Young Talents” Project (XDYC-QNRC-2022-0301 (J.Z.), XDYC-QNRC-2022-0001 (G.S.))the General and Key Project of the Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan (202001AS070021(J.W.))Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects-General Project (202101AT070457 (S.L.))Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects-Youth Talent Project (202101AU070021(S.L.))
文摘Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adaptation to such nutrient stresses.In this study,we used transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze how soybean(Glycine max)and its parasitizing dodder(Cuscuta australis)respond to nitrate and phosphate deficiency(-N and-P).After-N and-P treatment,the soybean and dodder plants exhibited substantial changes of transcriptome and proteome,although soybean plants showed very few transcriptional responses to-P and dodder did not show any transcriptional changes to either-N or-P.Importantly,large-scale interplant transport of mRNAs and proteins was detected.Although the mobile mRNAs only comprised at most 0.2%of the transcriptomes,the foreign mobile proteins could reach 6.8%of the total proteins,suggesting that proteins may be the major forms of interplant communications.Furthermore,the interplant mobility of macromolecules was specifically affected by the nutrient regimes and the transport of these macromolecules was very likely independently regulated.This study provides new insight into the communication between host plants and parasites under stress conditions.