High-speed polarization mode dispersion compensation in a 43-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK transmission system over 1200 km of standard single-mode fibre

This paper reports that the designed optical polarization mode dispersion compensator shows a good performance under the real-time variation of differential group delay, state of polarization and principal state of polarization in a （40×43）-Gb/s dense-wavelength-multiplexing, 1200-km enhanced return-to-zero differential-quadrature-phase-shift- keying （RZ-DQPSK） system. The polarization mode dispersion tolerance of the system is improved by 26 ps using the optical polarization mode dispersion compensator. The short and long time stabilities are tested with the bit error ratio recorded.

PSO-based Control Algorithm for Polarization Mode Dispersion Self-adaptive Compensation

Polarization mode dispersion(PMD) is considered to be the ultimate limitation in high-speed optical fiber communication systems. Establishing an effective control algorithm for adaptive PMD compensation is a challenging task, because PMD possesses the time-varying and statistical properties. The particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is introduced into self-adaptive PMD compensation as feedback control algorithm. The experiment results show that PSO-based control algorithm has some unique features of rapid convergence to the global optimum without being trapped in local sub-optima and good robustness to noise in the optical fiber transmission line that has never been achieved in PMD compensation before.

Multichannel Adaptive Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation with One Compensator in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Transmission Systems

A simple two-section polarization mode dispersion(PMD) compensator is proposed for multichannel PMD compensation, which can compensate two or even more channels simultaneously. Because of the statistical characteristics and the frequency-dependence of PMD, for current single mode fiber with moderate PMD, the probability that all channels are severely degraded at the same time is extremely small, which makes it possible to compensate a dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM) transmission system with moderate PMD using this compensator. It is shown that the outage probability of a 40×43 Gb/s DWDM transmission system using this compensator is decreased significantly from 3.6×10-3 to 3.6×10-5.

The Effect of Polarization Mode Dispersion on the Transmission System Using Dispersion Compensation Fiber

In this paper, we simulate the effect of Polarization Mode Dispersion( PMD ) on 40 Gb/s dispersion compensation transmission system by resolving the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation, and calculate the performance of system with different duty cycle order and chirp of the super Gaussian pulse. The results show that the performance of the system changes with these parameters, and there is a group of optimum parameters for the optimum performance of the system.

A novel tunable polarization mode dispersion compensator with strain chirped fiber Bragg gratings

A tunable polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator based on strain-ckirped fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is proposed. It natures in flexible designing, large tuning range, without using linear or nonlinear chirped phase mask, fast tuning response time, continuously adjustable, all-fiber based, compact, and cheap.

Polarization Mode Dispersion Probability Distribution for Arbitrary Mode Coupling

The probability distribution of the differential group delay for arbitrary mode coupling is simulated with Monte-Carlo method. Fitting the simulation results, we obtain probability distribution function for arbitrary mode coupling.

Filter control polarization mode dispersion in dispersion managed soliton systems

In this paper, the dispersion managed soliton (DMS) transmission equation is built on considering the effects of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and filter control. The DMS transmission of filtering control in constant birefringence fibers is firstly analyzed by varitional method, from which the evolving rules of characteristical DMS parameters are obtained. Secondly, the stability of DMS transmission and its timing jitter are investigated in the random varying birefringence fibers with the conventional model of PMD. The results reveal that filter control DMS system has powerful robustness to PMD effects and DMS's timing jitter can be decreased considerably with the help of filters.

Generation of DQPSK format and its performance against polarization mode dispersion

We propose a novel transmitter and receiver for differential quadrature phase-shift keying （DQPSK） format. The impact of the first-order polarization mode dispersion （PMD） on systems using DQPSK with 100- Gb/s non-return-to-zero （NRZ） or return-to-zero （RZ） format is investigated. Through computing the eye openings of DQPSK formats under different PMD conditions, it is found that NRZ DQPSK, as compared with RZ DQPSK, incurs smaller eye opening due to PMD. Carrier-suppressed return-to-zero （CSRZ） DQPSK format has better tolerance than RZ DQPSK format to PMD for a given bit rate.

Key Techniques in Adaptive Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation: Sampling and Feedback Control

This paper presents the sampling and feedback control techniques, which are the kernel of our experiment on adaptive Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) compensation for optical fiber communication systems. Some key points on sampling and feedback techniques are discussed and practical resolutions for them are put forward.

Impact of polarization mode dispersion and nonlinearities on 2-channel DWDM chaotic communication systems

This paper has designed 2-channel dense wavelength division multiplexing （DWDM） chaotic sys- tem at the frequencies of 193.1 and 193,2THz, respec- tively. The optical chaotic signals were produced by using the semiconductor laser that is numerically modeled by employing laser rate equations. These two channels were multiplexed and then propagated through single mode optical fiber （SMF） of 80kin length with dispersion compensating fiber of 16 km length. Erbium doped fiber amplifier （EDFA） was used to compensate the power losses in the SMF. In lhis paper, we investigated the effects of polarization mode dispersion （PMD） and nonlinearities especially stimulated Raman scattering （SRS） on 2 channel DWDM chaotic communication system by varying the length of the SMF and value of differential group delay （DGD）.

Microwave frequency transfer over a 112-km urban fiber link based on electronic phase compensation

We demonstrate the transmission of a microwave frequency signal at 10 GHz over a 112-km urban fiber link based on a novel simple-architecture electronic phase compensation system.The key element of the system is the low noise frequency divider by 4 to differentiate the frequency of the forward signal from that of the backward one,thus suppressing the effect of Brillouin backscattering and parasitic reflection along the link.In terms of overlapping Allan deviation,the frequency transfer instability of 4.2×10-15 at 1-s integration time and 1.6×10-18 at one-day integration time was achieved.In addition,its sensitivity to the polarization mode dispersion in fiber is analyzed by comparing the results with and without laser polarization scrambling.Generally,with simplicity and robustness,the system can offer great potentials in constructing cascaded frequency transfer system and facilitate the building of fiber-based microwave transfer network.

Novel Tunable PMD Compensation Technology Using Linear Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating

Based on uniform fiber Bragg grating bonded with a magnetostrictive rod in the non-uniform magnetic field,a novel PMD compensation technique is proposed.This all-fiber PMD compensation technology is cost-effective and flexible in designing the differential group delay profile.

Widening DGD Dynamic Range of DOP-based PMD Monitor Using Band-pass Filter

The theoretical and experimental analyses of widening the differential group delay (DGD) dynamic range of degree of polarization(DOP)-based polarization mode dispersion monitor using a band-pass filter are presented. The experiment shows that the maximum DGD monitoring range is widened up to ~6ps using band-pass filter. At the same time, DOP sensitivity has a little change. The experimental results are in accordance with the numerical ones.

Contribution to the Study of 2R Regenerators in Optical Transmission Link into Account the PMD

With the development of optical communication systems in high bandwidth fiber, various degradations affect the propagation of light signals such as polarization mode dispersion which represents a temporal pulse broadening, it becomes troublesome from long and long distances for this, it is necessary to regenerate the signal optically, that is to say, the amplified （1R regeneration） , the reshaping （2R regeneration） and sometimes resynchronize to overcome the phenomenon of jitter time （3R regeneration）. In this paper we study the contribution of 2R optical regenerator self-modulation to combat the phenomenon of polarization mode dispersion. The experiment is simulated with optisystem.

Decoherence-free subspace and entanglement sudden death of multi-photon polarization states in fiber channels

The construction of quantum networks requires long-distance teleportation of multi-qubit entangled states.Here,we investigate the entanglement dynamics of GHZ and W states in fiber channels.In a fiber channel,the two most important phenomena that affect polarization entanglement are polarization mode dispersion(PMD)and polarization-dependent loss(PDL).We theoretically characterize how PMD and PDL vectors affect three-qubit states.In particular,upon quantifying the entanglement at the output states using concurrence and entanglement witnesses,we reveal the occurrence of entanglement sudden death and the appearance of decoherence-free subspaces in tripartite systems.Finally,we explore the evolution of GHZ and W state with an arbitrary number of photons in a fiber network and discuss the decoherence mechanism of the 4-party cluster state.

Uniformly high-speed semi-open loop polarization control and PMD suppression

We propose and demonstrate a novel scheme of semi-open-loop polarization control(SOL-PC), which controls the state of polarization(SOP) with high accuracy and uniform high speed. For any desired SOP, we first adjust the initial SOP using open-loop control(OLC) based on the matrix model of a three-unit piezoelectric polarization controller, and quickly move it close to the objective one. Then closed-loop control(CLC) is performed to reduce the error and reach precisely the desired SOP. The response time is three orders faster than that of the present closed-loop polarization control, while the average deviation is on par with it. Finally, the SOL-PC system is successfully applied to realize the suppression of the polarization mode dispersion(PMD) effect and reduce the first-order PMD to near zero. Due to its perfect performance, the SOL-PC energizes the present polarization control to pursue an ideal product that can meet the future requirements in ultrafast optical transmission and quantum communication.

Joint estimation of frequency offset and chromatic dispersion based on the training sequences in M-ary QAM coherent optical transmission system

A data-aided method of joint frequency offset and chromatic dispersion estimation based on the Chu training sequences is shown in 112 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed （PM） quadrature phase-shift keying and 224 Gb/s PM-16-quadrature amplitude modulation with different pulse-shaping filters, respectively. The proposed method achieves a good accuracy and is verified to be robust to polarization mode dispersion.

Gaussian pulse transmission over ultra-high PMD fiber

Experiment was conducted to study Gaussian pulse transmission over ultra-high PMD fiber. Gaussian pulse is broken into a series of deformed pulses when it transmits over ultra-high PMD fiber. It is indicated that the walk-off deformed pulses were caused by ultra-high PMD. Transmitted experiment has been done using fiber with PMD coefficient 237.95ps/km1/2. The result of the experiment is consistent with the simulated one.

A PMD-supported 100-Gb/s optical frequency-domain IM-DD transmission system

A novel method for distortion-free optical pulse transmission is theoretically proposed and simulated, in which two time lenses formed by dispersion fibers and quadratic phase modulations are utilized. One is used as an optical inverse Fourier transformation （OIFT） device to transform the initial time-domain data to frequency-domain one at the transmitter and the other as an optical Fourier transformation （OFT） device to recover the data at the receiver. By using the unchanged spectral envelope in linear optical fiber communication, the initial data can be recovered. Through simulations, a 10× 100 Gb/s intensity-modulated direct-detection （IM-DD） dense wavelength division multiplexing （DWDM） system over 20000 km transmission without the compensation for polarization mode dispersion （PMD） and dispersion slope is achieved, which can be used to upgrade the current 100Gb/s IM-DD system to a 100-Gb/s one directly.

Study on the DOP of Output Pulse in Optical Fiber Transmission Systems

In this paper the expression of the output pulse Stokes vector is derived based on the Jones matrix model proposed by A.Orlandini et al. The basic properties of degree of polarization (DOP) for output pulse are investigated.