It is understood that the forward-backward probability hypothesis density （PHD） smoothing algorithms proposed recently can significantly improve state estimation of targets. However, our analyses in this paper show ...It is understood that the forward-backward probability hypothesis density （PHD） smoothing algorithms proposed recently can significantly improve state estimation of targets. However, our analyses in this paper show that they cannot give a good cardinality （i.e., the number of targets） estimate. This is because backward smoothing ignores the effect of temporary track drop- ping caused by forward filtering and/or anomalous smoothing resulted from deaths of targets. To cope with such a problem, a novel PHD smoothing algorithm, called the variable-lag PHD smoother, in which a detection process used to identify whether the filtered cardinality varies within the smooth lag is added before backward smoothing, is developed here. The analytical results show that the proposed smoother can almost eliminate the influences of temporary track dropping and anomalous smoothing, while both the cardinality and the state estimations can significantly be improved. Simulation results on two multi-target tracking scenarios verify the effectiveness of the proposed smoother.展开更多
The cochlea plays an important role in the mammalian auditory system.Sound-induced cell motion in the cochlea is transformed into electrical signals that are then sent to primary auditory neurons.The most significant ...The cochlea plays an important role in the mammalian auditory system.Sound-induced cell motion in the cochlea is transformed into electrical signals that are then sent to primary auditory neurons.The most significant feature of the cochlea is the active and nonlinear amplification of faint sounds.This active process cannot be explained via a simple hydromechanical representation of the cochlea,that is,a macromechanic explanation.Although the mechanisms of this amplification are not well understood,cochlear micromechanical behavior is thought to play a significant role.The measurement of in vivo cochlea micromechanical responses is challenging and restricted by technical limitations.Modeling the micromechanics of the cochlea,however,can facilitate the interpretation of experimental observations.In this paper,we reviewed studies in which researchers modeled the cochlear micromechanics,and we discussed various modeling hypotheses,outcomes,and expectations.展开更多
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61171127)NSF of China(No.60972024)NSTMP of China(No.2011ZX03003-001-02 and No.2012ZX03001007-003)
文摘It is understood that the forward-backward probability hypothesis density （PHD） smoothing algorithms proposed recently can significantly improve state estimation of targets. However, our analyses in this paper show that they cannot give a good cardinality （i.e., the number of targets） estimate. This is because backward smoothing ignores the effect of temporary track drop- ping caused by forward filtering and/or anomalous smoothing resulted from deaths of targets. To cope with such a problem, a novel PHD smoothing algorithm, called the variable-lag PHD smoother, in which a detection process used to identify whether the filtered cardinality varies within the smooth lag is added before backward smoothing, is developed here. The analytical results show that the proposed smoother can almost eliminate the influences of temporary track dropping and anomalous smoothing, while both the cardinality and the state estimations can significantly be improved. Simulation results on two multi-target tracking scenarios verify the effectiveness of the proposed smoother.
基金supported by Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project of China(No.18JCZDJC45300)Tianjin Plan of Funding Outstanding Science and Technology Projects Launched by Talents Returning from Studying Overseas of China(No.2018004).
文摘The cochlea plays an important role in the mammalian auditory system.Sound-induced cell motion in the cochlea is transformed into electrical signals that are then sent to primary auditory neurons.The most significant feature of the cochlea is the active and nonlinear amplification of faint sounds.This active process cannot be explained via a simple hydromechanical representation of the cochlea,that is,a macromechanic explanation.Although the mechanisms of this amplification are not well understood,cochlear micromechanical behavior is thought to play a significant role.The measurement of in vivo cochlea micromechanical responses is challenging and restricted by technical limitations.Modeling the micromechanics of the cochlea,however,can facilitate the interpretation of experimental observations.In this paper,we reviewed studies in which researchers modeled the cochlear micromechanics,and we discussed various modeling hypotheses,outcomes,and expectations.
