Robustness of Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimator of Variance Under the General Linear Model

Necessary and sufficient conditions for equalities between a 2 y′(I-P Xx)y and minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimator of variance under the general linear model, where a 2 is a known positive number, are derived. Further, when the Gauss? Markov estimators and the ordinary least squares estimator are identical, a relative simply equivalent condition is obtained. At last, this condition is applied to an interesting example.

All Admissible Linear Estimators under Quadratic Loss in Multivariate Model

For multivariate linear model Y=XΘ+ε, ~N(0, σ 2ΣV), this paper is concerned with the admissibility of linear estimators of estimable function SXΘ in the class of all estimators. All admissible linear estimators of SXΘ are given under each of four definitions of admissibility.

Robust Fuzzy Tracking Control for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems with Integral Quadratic Constraints

This paper investigates the robust tracking control problcm for a class of nonlinear networked control systems （NCSs） using the Takagi-Sugeno （T-S） fuzzy model approach. Based on a time-varying delay system transformed from the NCSs, an augmented Lyapunov function containing more useful information is constructed. A less conservative sufficient condition is established such that the closed-loop systems stability and time-domain integral quadratic constraints （IQCs） are satisfied while both time-varying network- induced delays and packet losses are taken into account. The fuzzy tracking controllers design scheme is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs） and parallel distributed compensation （PDC）. Furthermore, robust stabilization criterion for nonlinear NCSs is given as an extension of the tracking control result. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed method.

Optimal Feedback Control of Nonlinear Variable-Speed Marine Current Turbine Using a Two-Mass Model

This paper presents a contribution related to the control of nonlinear variable-speed marine current turbine(MCT)without pitch operating below the rated marine current speed.Given that the operation of the MCT can be divided into several operating zones on the basis of the marine current speed,the system control objectives are different for each zone.To deal with this issue,we develop a new control approach based on a linear quadratic regulator with variable generator torque.Our proposed approach enables the optimization of the rotational speed of the turbine,which maximizes the power extracted by the MCT and minimizes the transient loads on the drivetrain.The novelty of our study is the use of a real profile of marine current speed from the northern coasts of Morocco.The simulation results obtained using MATLAB Simulink indicate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control approach on the electrical and mechanical parameters with the variations of marine current speed.

Computing of LQR Technique for Nonlinear System Using Local Approximation

The main idea behind the present research is to design a state-feedback controller for an underactuated nonlinear rotary inverted pendulum module by employing the linear quadratic regulator(LQR)technique using local approximation.The LQR is an excellent method for developing a controller for nonlinear systems.It provides optimal feedback to make the closed-loop system robust and stable,rejecting external disturbances.Model-based optimal controller for a nonlinear system such as a rotatory inverted pendulum has not been designed and implemented using Newton-Euler,Lagrange method,and local approximation.Therefore,implementing LQR to an underactuated nonlinear system was vital to design a stable controller.A mathematical model has been developed for the controller design by utilizing the Newton-Euler,Lagrange method.The nonlinear model has been linearized around an equilibrium point.Linear and nonlinear models have been compared to find the range in which linear and nonlinear models’behaviour is similar.MATLAB LQR function and system dynamics have been used to estimate the controller parameters.For the performance evaluation of the designed controller,Simulink has been used.Linear and nonlinear models have been simulated along with the designed controller.Simulations have been performed for the designed controller over the linear and nonlinear system under different conditions through varying system variables.The results show that the system is stable and robust enough to act against external disturbances.The controller maintains the rotary inverted pendulum in an upright position and rejects disruptions like falling under gravitational force or any external disturbance by adjusting the rotation of the horizontal link in both linear and nonlinear environments in a specific range.The controller has been practically designed and implemented.It is vivid from the results that the controller is robust enough to reject the disturbances in milliseconds and keeps the pendulum arm deflection angle to zero degrees.

Empirical Likelihood Inference for Generalized Partially Linear Models with Longitudinal Data

In this article, we propose a generalized empirical likelihood inference for the parametric component in semiparametric generalized partially linear models with longitudinal data. Based on the extended score vector, a generalized empirical likelihood ratios function is defined, which integrates the within-cluster?correlation meanwhile avoids direct estimating the nuisance parameters in the correlation matrix. We show that the proposed statistics are asymptotically?Chi-squared under some suitable conditions, and hence it can be used to construct the confidence region of parameters. In addition, the maximum empirical likelihood estimates of parameters and the corresponding asymptotic normality are obtained. Simulation studies demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.

基于最优控制理论的国产光抽运小铯钟频率控制算法

原子钟频率控制是时间保持工作中的关键技术.当前守时工作中的频率控制主要针对国外微波钟采用开环控制算法,但由于国产光抽运小铯钟(下称国产钟)的工作原理和性能不同于国外同类型原子钟,因此该算法不能很好适应国产钟.为了提升我国标准时间的自主性和安全性,本文基于国产钟的噪声特性,在最优控制理论的框架下研究了线性二次高斯控制算法,该算法属于闭环控制算法,从同步时间、频率控制准确度和频率控制稳定度方面研究国产钟性能,最后分析了不同控制间隔对国产钟性能的影响.结果表明随着二次损失函数中约束矩阵W_(R)的增大,同步时间延长,控制准确度降低,控制短期稳定度提高.W_(R)相同情况下,随着控制间隔的增大,同步时间延长,控制准确度降低,控制短期稳定度提高,对于W_(R)=1时,控制间隔为1 h的同步时间为5小时,控制准确度为1.83 ns,1 h的Allan偏差为1.81×10^(-13);控制间隔为8 h的同步时间为28 h,控制准确度为4.48 ns,1 h的Allan偏差为1.48×10^(-13).控制国产光抽运小铯钟的中长期稳定度都得到提高.

无人驾驶车辆路径跟踪混合控制策略研究

针对单一控制算法无法同时满足无人驾驶车辆对路径跟踪精度和控制器求解速度需求的问题,提出一种基于线性二次型调节器(LQR)和模型预测控制(MPC)的混合控制策略。该策略在低速工况下使用线性二次型调节器、在高速工况下使用模型预测控制算法进行路径跟踪控制,在此基础上设计基于有限状态机(FSM)的控制算法切换机制,并通过遗传算法(GA)对控制参数进行优化,基于CarSim和MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台对混合控制策略进行仿真验证,并进一步完成了实车试验。试验结果表明,所设计的混合控制策略能够在提高跟踪精度的基础上缩短计算时间,与单一控制算法相比,平均横向误差和平均航向误差分别减小了26.3%和39.6%,平均计算时间缩短了10.9%。

基于模型预测控制的车辆路径跟踪控制技术研究

以车辆三自由度动力学模型为研究对象,对自动驾驶车辆模型预测控制算法进行研究。结合魔术轮胎模型线性区域和小角度假设理论对车辆动力学模型进行简化处理,设计基于模型预测控制算法的路径跟踪控制器。使用MATLAB/CarSim联合仿真平台,选用多组工况进行仿真试验。设定车辆的速度分别为低速、中速、高速3种状态,并且使用线性二次型最优控制器进行换道工况路径跟踪,与模型预测控制器进行控制效果对比与分析,结果表明,模型预测控制算法路径跟踪控制效果更加优秀。

Robustness of Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimator of Variance for the General Linear Model

In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for equalities betweenα~2y^1(I-P_X)y and under the general linear model, whereand α~2 is a known positive number, are derived. Furthermore, when the Gauss-Markovestimators and the ordinary least squares estimators are identical, we obtain a simpleequivalent condition.

基于LQ模型的原发性肝癌立体定向放射治疗剂量学实验

目的:探讨肝癌立体定向放射治疗(SBRT)的剂量学效应是否符合线性二次(LQ)模型。方法:选取体外培养的人肝癌细胞株HepG2和Hep3B,给予生物有效剂量(BED)照射(6、8、10、12、14 Gy)。照射分割方式包括单次照射(模拟SBRT)和分次照射3次、5次(模拟IMRT)。检测辐照后存活分数反应不同分割方式的损伤效应;绘制生存曲线,观察不同分割方式对细胞增殖的影响;辐照后细胞划痕实验,观察不同分割方式对细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响。结果:LQ模型在肝癌SBRT放疗的应用体外验证中出现明显的分离效应。对于HepG2细胞和Hep3B细胞,当BED<12 Gy(α/β=10 Gy)时,不同分割方式在损伤效应、增殖能力、侵袭能力上未显示出明显差异,SBRT符合LQ模型;当BED≥12 Gy时,单次分割相对于多次分割,显示出更高的损伤效应,即SBRT损伤效应高于IMRT。结论:SBRT在肝癌中适用LQ模型具有一定的剂量区间,超过该区间损伤效应高于LQ模型预测结果。

基于WOA- LQR的无人水翼航行器横航向控制

针对一种新型的无人水翼航行器在航行过程中受到不规则海浪干扰时的横向姿态与航向控制问题,首先建立无人水翼航行器横向四自由度运动的非线性数学模型,并对数学模型进行线性化处理;然后针对普通线性二次型调节器(linear quadratic regulator, LQR)控制算法手动调试参数效率较低且控制效果难以达到最优的问题,使用鲸鱼优化算法(whale optimization algorithm, WOA)对LQR控制器的参数进行寻优以增强控制效果;最后在不同强度的随机海浪干扰下对航行器的横向姿态与航向控制进行仿真,验证了鲸鱼算法优化LQR的有效性。

Optimal Cooperative Secondary Control for Islanded DC Microgrids via a Fully Actuated Approach

DC-DC converter-based multi-bus DC microgrids(MGs) in series have received much attention, where the conflict between voltage recovery and current balancing has been a hot topic. The lack of models that accurately portray the electrical characteristics of actual MGs while is controller design-friendly has kept the issue active. To this end, this paper establishes a large-signal model containing the comprehensive dynamical behavior of the DC MGs based on the theory of high-order fully actuated systems, and proposes distributed optimal control based on this. The proposed secondary control method can achieve the two goals of voltage recovery and current sharing for multi-bus DC MGs. Additionally, the simple structure of the proposed approach is similar to one based on droop control, which allows this control technique to be easily implemented in a variety of modern microgrids with different configurations. In contrast to existing studies, the process of controller design in this paper is closely tied to the actual dynamics of the MGs. It is a prominent feature that enables engineers to customize the performance metrics of the system. In addition, the analysis of the stability of the closed-loop DC microgrid system, as well as the optimality and consensus of current sharing are given. Finally, a scaled-down solar and battery-based microgrid prototype with maximum power point tracking controller is developed in the laboratory to experimentally test the efficacy of the proposed control method.

基于模型预测控制算法的精确着舰控制方法

针对舰载机着舰过程中的航母运动、舰尾流扰动等影响,提出一种基于模型预测控制-线性二次型高斯(MPC-LQG)算法的精确着舰控制方法,开展飞机纵向通道的精确着舰控制研究。对飞机纵向动力学、舰尾流、航母运动、轨迹跟踪等,进行建模和分析。对MPC-LQG算法进行融合,以实现轨迹跟踪控制,核心思想是:模型预测控制进行航母运动补偿;设计全维状态观测,实现全状态反馈,以实现最优着舰控制。对不同的着舰情况和初始条件进行算法仿真,并与其他算法进行仿真比较。仿真结果表明,所提方法的轨迹跟踪效果很好,高度偏差0.1~0.2 m;相比传统着舰控制,所提方法动态响应快、着舰精度高。

基于改进PID-LQR的导弹稳定控制方法研究

导弹稳定控制系统是提高导弹制导性能的关键技术之一,一直以来都是研究的热点和重点。以导弹纵向平面为例,建立了导弹稳定控制的状态空间模型,推导了LQR控制算法,在传统LQR方法的基础上,结合PID算法提出了一种改进的PID-LQR导弹稳定控制方法。通过仿真分析,比较了所提方法和传统LQR方法、改进LQR方法、模糊PID-LQR方法的控制性能,并对建立的导弹模型参数进行了拉偏试验,仿真结果表明所提出的方法优于其他3种方法,具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒性。

山东省2023-2032年物流需求预测分析——基于山东省2002-2022年经验数据

物流业已成为我国第三产业的重要组成部分,高质量的物流业发展对促进经济高效循环、扩大内需等具有重大意义。为了提高物流需求预测的精确度,提出一种基于组合模型预测物流需求的方法:以山东省为例,将灰色预测、二次指数平滑预测及线性回归组合模型应用于物流需求的预测,选取山东省国民经济指标和货运量作为主要影响因素构建指标体系,基于山东省2002—2022年实际历史数据建立模型,将三种模型的优势进行创新性组合,构建科学的组合预测模型以预测山东省未来十年的物流需求量。物流需求的准确预测对山东省的宏观经济有着重要指导作用,可以使山东省物流产业规划与发展及制造业的经验决策更加切实有效,为山东省物流发展提供科学依据。

A Pragmatic Approach for Assessing the Economic Performance of Model Predictive Control Systems and Its Industrial Application

In this article,an approach for economic performance assessment of model predictive control(MPC) system is presented.The method builds on steady-state economic optimization techniques and uses the linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG) benchmark other than conventional minimum variance control(MVC) to estimate the potential of reduction in variance.The LQG control is a more practical performance benchmark compared to MVC for performance assessment since it considers input variance and output variance,and it thus provides a desired basis for determining the theoretical maximum economic benefit potential arising from variability reduction.Combining the LQG benchmark directly with benefit potential of MPC control system,both the economic benefit and the optimal operation condition can be obtained by solving the economic optimization problem.The proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulated example as well as application to economic performance assessment of an industrial model predictive control system.

Kautz Function Based Continuous-Time Model Predictive Controller for Load Frequency Control in a Multi-Area Power System

A continuous-time Model Predictive Controller was proposed using Kautz function in order to improve the performance of Load Frequency Control(LFC).A dynamic model of an interconnected power system was used for Model Predictive Controller(MPC)design.MPC predicts the future trajectory of the dynamic model by calculating the optimal closed loop feedback gain matrix.In this paper,the optimal closed loop feedback gain matrix was calculated using Kautz function.Being an Orthonormal Basis Function(OBF),Kautz function has an advantage of solving complex pole-based nonlinear system.Genetic Algorithm(GA)was applied to optimally tune the Kautz function-based MPC.A constraint based on phase plane analysis was implemented with the cost function in order to improve the robustness of the Kautz function-based MPC.The proposed method was simulated with three area interconnected power system and the efficiency of the proposed method was measured and exhibited by comparing with conventional Proportional and Integral(PI)controller and Linear Quadratic Regulation(LQR).

Model Helicopter Control Using Body-Mounted Vibro-Tactile Transducers

The sense of touch as a man-machine communication channel can be as acute as the sense of sight and sound. In some scenarios such as those seen in aerobatics, stunt flying, and combat flights, tactile sensors can even outperform the conventional non-contact sensors in terms of situation awareness. Fusion of tactile sensory information with those obtained via sight and sound can avoid diverting the user’s attention away from the operational task at hand as well. In this study, the performance of an operator, to servo control the motion of a 2-dof model helicopter with pitch/yaw maneuverability, subjected to an intuitive body-referenced arrangement of a cluster of vibro-tactile sensors is investigated. A blindfolded operator will then control the helicopter to a safe attraction zone via a joystick based on this tactile sensory information. A fine-tuned local controller would take over for the end-of-motion precise homing. This study can pave the way towards a systematic integration and characterization of tactile sensors in high performance weapon platforms with improved situation awareness in visually awkward maneuvers such as those seen in aerial combat scenarios.

结合迭代学习和模型预测的重载列车运行控制

为实现重载列车单次行程的高鲁棒高精度轨迹跟踪,根据列车纵向运动特性,构建重载列车多质点的动力学模型;基于利用批次化的运行过程积累控制经验,结合迭代学习和模型预测控制方法设计1种增强抗扰的重载列车跟踪控制器,将重载列车动力学模型转化为基于模型预测控制框架下的线性二次型最优控制模型,用二次型最优控制的速度和位置状态反馈增益表示迭代学习增益,利用批次化积累的控制经验不断提高跟踪性能,实现单次行程的滚动时域优化,提升轨迹跟踪的鲁棒性和精度;对某货运专线上的2万t重载列车进行跟踪控制仿真,分别从时域稳定性和迭代收敛性验证该控制器的稳定性。结果表明:结合迭代学习和模型预测控制方法能够很好地利用重载列车系统操纵重复性特征并实现全程跟踪控制,较传统控制方法跟踪效果更好并能有效降低列车纵向冲动,同时能够动态响应非重复性扰动,满足重载列车运行控制要求。