The Curriculum Problem Is the Basis of Model School Construction

This thesis makes vocational school demonstration project as a starting point. It is a combination of the last ten years of literature on model school building. From the perspective of the audience, it is combing the characteristics of the project due to the inherent requirements of the decision-making level, which is leading to its subordinate business operating space that has very limited level and then free the needs of the audience. It believes that if it relaxes contemplation perspective, consolidates construction of the curriculum, or it is a prime choice related to project management.

Distribution of primary school based on spatial network comprehensive model in low-income mountainous cities： a case study in Wanyuan, China

Focusing on the peculiarities of urban construction resulting from specific mountain terrains, the purpose of this study is to find out a suitable method based on a Spatial Network Comprehensive Model(SNCM) to reasonably plan and distribute primary schools in low-income mountain cities. The construction principles and advantages of the SNCM method are proposed and the method tested in Wanyuan city of Qinba Mountain area(Southwest China) to verify its feasibility and optimization. Taking account of the mountain terrain and its influence on user behavior, we used the SNCM method to build a comprehensive model which integrates the road slope and the walking speed of pupils into the basic spatial model. The model is used to calculate a reasonable layout of the primary schools and to validate the rationale. The results show that the SNCM method can be effectively applied in low-income mountainous cities. It can not only improve the accessibility and service efficiency of primary schools using as little capital-investment as possible, but also help the city grow in an intensive and efficient way.

Modeling Spatial Opportunity Structures and Youths’ Transitions from School to Training

This paper examines the significance of spatial externalities for youths’ school-to-training transitions in Germany. For this purpose, it is necessary to address the methodological question of how an individual’s spatial context has to be operationalized with respect to both its extent and the problem of spatial autocorrelation. Our analyses show that the “zone of influence” comprises of the whole of Germany, not only close-by districts, and that these effects differ between structurally weak and strong regions. Consequently, assuming that only close proximity affects individual outcomes may disregard relevant contextual influences, and for spatial models that require an a priori definition of the weights for spatial units, it may be erroneous to make a decision based on this assumption. Concerning spatial autocorrelation, we found that neglecting local spatial autocorrelation at the context level causes considerable bias to the estimates, especially for districts that are close to the home district.

Optimization Model for School Transportation Based on Supply-Demand Analyses

This paper presents a new conception model of school transportation supply-demand ratio (STSDR) in order to define the number of school buses needed in a limited area and to describe the conditions of school transport system. For this purpose, a mathematical equation was elaborated to simulate the real system based on the school transport conditions and on the estimated results of STSDR from 15 zones of Cuenca city in Ecuador. The data used in our model was collected from several diverse sources (i.e. administrative data and survey data). The estimated results have shown that our equation has described efficiently the school transport system by reaching an accuracy of 96%. Therefore, our model is suitable for statistical estimation given adequate data and will be useful in school transport planning policy. Given that, it is a support model for making decisions which seek efficiency in supply and demand balance.

Peer Pressure and Family Smoking Habits Influence Smoking Uptake in Teenage Boys Attending School: Multilevel Modeling of Survey Data

Introduction: Among young teens, about one in five smokes worldwide. Adolescents spend a considerable amount of their time in school, and the school environment is therefore important for child health practices and outcomes. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the impact on smoking behavior of the school environment and the personal characteristics of male teenage students attending schools in Pakistan, taking into account the survey sampling structure. Methods: A two-stage cluster sampling with stratification was employed, and we interviewed 772 male secondary school students. We adopted random effect and generalizing estimating equation models. Results: Peer pressure in particular had a strong influence on adolescents smoking;those whose friends smoked were up to 6 times more likely to smoke. Family smoking was also significantly associated with adolescents smoking, but those students whose mother was educated were 50% less likely to smoke. The fitted random effect model indicated that the between school variability was significant (p-value < 0.01), indicating differences in smoking habits between schools. A random coefficient model showed that variability among schools was not significantly different for public and private schools. Conclusion: Public health campaigns for smoking cessation should target not only the individual but also the families of adolescents attending schools.

中心城市电大办学模式的多维思考——基于SPSS Modeler的建模分析

17所中心城市电大(含开大)是国家开放大学办学体系的重要组成部分。中心城市电大的发展路径和转型升级模式既区别于省域电大,其内部又存在较大的差异性。通过建模分析及重要性预测,聚焦中心城市电大学历教育、非学历教育和其他项目三个维度,研究发现:中心城市电大办学模式总体情况呈现分化趋势;学历教育方面,整体以开放教育为主,辅以合作高校的远程教育项目,合并和自建高职教育的双轨制部分存在;非学历教育方面,继续教育重要性最为突出,社区教育次之;中心城市电大积极尝试其他项目的办学内容和相关实践,包括特色项目、社会服务机构的设立、开放性教育资源建设投放和系统建设等。

Thrust and Torque Characteristics Based on a New cutter-head Load Model

Full face rock tunnel boring machine（TBM） has been widely used in hard rock tunnels, however, there are few published theory about cutter-head design, and the design criteria of cutter-head under complex geological is not clear yet. To deal with the complex relationship among geological parameters, cutter parameters, and operating parameters during tunneling processes, a cutter-head load model is established by using CSM（Colorado school of mines） prediction model. Force distribution on cutter-head under a certain geology is calculated with the new established load model, and result shows that inner cutters bear more force than outer cutters, combining with disc cutters abrasion; a general principle of disc cutters＇ layout design is proposed. Within the model, the relationship among rock uniaxial compressive strength（UCS）, penetration and thrust on cutter-head are analyzed, and the results shows that with increasing penetration, cutter thrust increases, but the growth rate slows and higher penetration makes lower special energy（SE）. Finally, a fitting mathematical model of ZT（ratio of cutter-head torque and thrust） and penetration is established, and verified by TB880 E, which can be used to direct how to set thrust and torque on cutter-head. When penetration is small, the cutter-head thrust is the main limiting factor in tunneling; when the penetration is large, cutter-head torque is the major limiting factor in tunneling. Based on the new cutter-head load model, thrust and torque characteristics of TBM further are researched and a new way for cutter-head layout design and TBM tunneling operations is proposed.

加拿大iSchool院校跨学科人才培养模式研究

加拿大多伦多大学信息学院是在信息和知识管理方面领先世界的院校之一,是一所以培养研究生为主的院系。其人才培养模式在培养目标、培养内容、培养方式以及培养评估等方面均体现出鲜明的跨学科特色。我国图书情报学人才培养模式的改革应从以下方面借鉴多伦多大学信息学院人才培养模式:培养目标的升级与转变,实现跨学科、跨领域综合培养,设置丰富多样的课程体系,提供开放自由的学习交流空间,多种教学方式与培养途径并行。

Application of the p-Median Problem in School Allocation

This paper focus on solving the problem of optimizing students’ orientation. After four years spent in secondary school, pupils take exams and are assigned to the high school. The main difficulty of Education Department Inspection (EDI) of Dakar lies in the allocation of pupils in the suburbs. In this paper we propose an allocation model using the p-median problem. The model takes into account the distance of the standards imposed by international organizations between pupil’s home and school. The p-median problem is a location-allocation problem that takes into account the average (total) distance between demand points (pupil’s home) and facility (pupil’s school). The p-median problem is used to determine the best location to place a limited number of schools. The model has been enhanced and applied to a wide range of school location problems in suburbs. After collecting necessary numerical data to each EDI, a formulation is presented and computational results are carried out.

Minimising Excessive Energy Consumption in Schools While Maintaining Optimal Air Quality

This paper presents an assessment of how to minimise excessive energy consumption in a case study school classroom while maintaining optimal indoor air quality. Using mixed method research with qualitative interview data supporting quantitative key data measurements, essential primary data was extracted from temperature and carbon dioxide monitoring equipment in the classroom. This was then used, along with other ancillary data, to develop an IES computer model of the classroom as a “base case” reflecting existing energy consumption, temperatures and CO2 levels. Eight different interventions were then developed and modelled which reflected improved energy supply and a variety of ventilation strategies. The results show that adequate control and design of energy supply systems is critical to minimising excessive energy consumption, and that adequate internal air quality is achievable through a variety of low cost strategies.

“双减”背景下我国校外培训机构治理政策何以遭遇执行阻滞——基于史密斯政策执行过程模型的分析

探讨校外培训机构治理政策的执行过程和实效,对于促进校外教育回归公益性和重塑校外教育生态,实现“双减”目标意义重大。基于“史密斯政策执行过程模型”,分析“双减”背景下校外培训机构治理政策的执行情况,发现校外培训机构治理政策执行过程中存在政策本身局限、执行机构能力欠缺、目标群体认知偏差、政策环境支持不足等四方面的制约因素。为突破校外培训机构治理政策执行过程中的瓶颈,须做到重视政策本身设计,增强政策执行效果;提升执行机构能力,健全政策执行机制;调整目标群体认知,降低政策执行阻力;改善政策执行环境,夯实政策执行基础。

医院办护校模式对当前护理职业教育的启示

产教融合、校企合作是职业教育的基本办学模式,也是职业教育最突出的办学优势。我国护士学校自设立之初,即为医院办护校的办学模式,充分体现了职业教育的特征。回顾我国近代医院办护校的历史,对比分析当前护理教育人才培养模式,医院办护校在职业精神培养、提高学生临床实践能力方面具有优势,但是也存在体制机制等问题,提出借鉴医院办护校经验,推广“总—分校”或“院中校”模式,推动形成产教融合、校院(企)合作、工学结合、知行合一的共同育人机制,提高护理职业教育质量,培养更适应临床需求的护理人才。

基于双元制的现代学徒制教育模式研究与实践——以广东交通职业技术学院智能工程机械运用技术专业为例

现代学徒制是我国职业教育借鉴发达国家,特别是德国“双元制”职业教育的成功经验,结合我国目前职业教育的实际情况推出的新型职业教育模式。它使教学过程、教学质量与企业人才培养规格、工作岗位所要求的技术技能标准有效衔接,实现学校、企业、学生的互惠共赢。通过对德国“双元制”职业教育模式进行实地考察,引进世界500强职业能力成长指标体系,在广东交通职业技术学院智能工程机械运用技术专业现代学徒制订单班开展教育研究与实践,对有效开展现代学徒制办学、培养高素质技术技能型人才具有重要参考意义。

小学生跨学科素养测评模型构建与应用研究

跨学科素养是小学生学习发展的关键素养,构建科学、合理的跨学科素养测评模型是开展小学生跨学科素养有效监测与提升的重要保证,对打破学科知识壁垒、培育新时代拔尖创新人才具有重要现实意义。研究遵循成熟的教育测评模型构建范式,厘清了小学生跨学科素养操作性定义,构建了包含跨学科知识、跨学科能力和跨学科情意3个一级指标、8个二级指标的小学生跨学科素养测评指标体系,开发了《小学生跨学科素养测评量表》,基于探索性、验证性因素分析以及层次分析法,构建了小学生跨学科素养测评模型:Y=0.306*Y1+0.412*Y2+0.282*Y3,其中Y表示小学生跨学科素养,Y1、Y2、Y3分别表示跨学科知识、跨学科能力、跨学科情意。应用该模型对全国东、中、西部地区12省市的18166名小学4—6年级学生进行测评,初步验证了模型的科学性、有效性与可操作性,并依据测评结果提出提升小学生跨学科素养的对策建议。

西藏新工科实践基地协同育人模式研究

新工科专业建设的背景下,实践基地的建设与实践教学体系的完善能够切实提高工科专业学生的协调能力、应用能力、创新能力以及适应能力。立足西藏经济和社会发展,紧扣新工科发展背景,深入分析实践基地在建设和运作方面的困境,进而提出了面向藏地特色的工科实践基地协同育人模式,并分析了其具备的优势。通过运作机制的完善和运作保障的健全,实现协同育人模式的有机探索,力求充分利用西藏来之不易的工科实践基地教育资源,提升西藏高校工科人才专业技能素养,为稳步推进在高原地区的新工科建设以及培养“靠得住、用得上、留得下”的应用型人才奠定基础。

承淡安创立近代针灸教育模式的历史贡献——以中国针灸医学专门学校为中心

承淡安,江苏江阴人,我国近代最著名的针灸学家和中医教育家。从1929年建立中国针灸学研究社涉足针灸教育起,到1937年11月中国针灸医学专门学校毁于日本战火止,承淡安通过近十年的探索,创立了近代针灸教育模式。即通过明确办学宗旨、加强管理体系与师资队伍建设、实行灵活的招生方式,夯实办学基本保障;通过具有近代学术特征的课程与教材体系建设、鲜明的教学思路与方法、扎实的实习与考核方式,构建了针灸专业教育的内涵框架,为当代针灸专业教育发展作出了历史性的贡献。同时,他以包容、务实的作风,夯实办学的基础条件,建立灵活的用人机制,善于利用社会力量办学等办学经验,至今仍具有现实意义与借鉴价值。

“双减”背景下中小学作业如何减量提质——基于认知诊断模型的案例研究

中小学作业的减量提质是学校落实“双减”政策、提升课堂教学质量的关键环节。认知诊断理论不仅能有效解决提质增效问题,还可以助力破解个性化、规模化的现实矛盾。本研究以小学六年级数学分数除法单元为研究案例,基于认知诊断模型,提出中小学学生作业减量提质的实践路径,主要包括认知属性界定与划分、认知Q矩阵构建、单元诊断作业题目编制、认知诊断模型选择、学生作业诊断报告获取等五个步骤。结果表明:以试题参数、属性掌握概率为中介桥梁,有利于解决作业设计中“怎么减”与“怎样减得更好”的问题;以理想测量模式、属性掌握模式为重要依据,有利于解决作业设计的提质增效问题。研究建议从提升教师作业设计能力、构建高质量评价体系、构建学校作业资源库三个方面深入探索,助力中小学作业减量提质。

高职院校基于PPP模式的校企共建项目的合作策略及挑战——以传统文化教学实践基地的建设为例

为落实多元办学,高职院校运用PPP合作模式共建书院式传统文化教学实践基地。通过签订合作协议引入社会资源,设置专项机构进行类产业学院的双重管理,校企合作开发并实施“理论-实践-社团”三进阶、“必修-选修”双结合的美育课程体系,初步形成校企双主体协同育人机制。

产业学院产教科融合的创新教育模式探析——以华为鲲鹏数字产业学院为例

文章围绕华为鲲鹏数字产业学院建设下人才培养、课程建设、校企合作模式等的研究,构建出产业学院视角下的产教科融合创新教育模式。通过对创新产品研发驱动的项目教学方法、构建项目化和模块化课程体系、校企共同开发课程资源、实施混合式和协作式教学等关键要素的研究,探索产业学院产教科融合的创新教育模式构建,以期对其他专业群或产业学院的建设提供参考。