Bed inventory balance and stability of dual circulating fluidized bed systems

Experiments and modelling are conducted for general understanding on the imbalance phenomenon and for discussion on the strategies to improve the bed inventory balance and stability of a dual circulating fluidized bed(DCFB)system.The experiments are carried out in a 15.5 m high pilot-scale DCFB cold test system.A fluid-dynamic DCFB model is developed based on a 1.5-dimensional semi-empirical model of an industrial CFB boiler,validated by experimental data.The effects of control methods and operation conditions on the bed inventory balance and on the stability of the pilot-and large-scale DCFB systems are discussed.A"stable-unbalanced"state,where the system reaches a steady state,consisting of un-balanced bed inventories,is observed in both experiments and model simulation.To maintain a balanced state and similar bed inventory in the DCFB systems with similar cross-sectional areas,it is recom-mended to keep similar total pressure drops or gas velocities in both reactors.

Model Reduction of 2-D IIR Filters

The work presented in this paper concerns with analysis and synthesis of the two-dimensional Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters based on model order reduction. The synthesis is performed with two methods, the Prony's method (Prony modified) and Iterative method, in the spatial domain, and with the method of Semi-Definite iterative Programming (SDP), in the frequency domain. After synthesis, we make an order reduction of the filter model by the Quasi-Gramians method.

Shell stand:Stable thin shell models for 3D fabrication

A thin shell model refers to a surface or structure,where the object’s thickness is considered negligible.In the context of 3D printing,thin shell models are characterized by having lightweight,hollow structures,and reduced material usage.Their versatility and visual appeal make them popular in various fields,such as cloth simulation,character skinning,and for thin-walled structures like leaves,paper,or metal sheets.Nevertheless,optimization of thin shell models without external support remains a challenge due to their minimal interior operational space.For the same reasons,hollowing methods are also unsuitable for this task.In fact,thin shell modulation methods are required to preserve the visual appearance of a two-sided surface which further constrain the problem space.In this paper,we introduce a new visual disparity metric tailored for shell models,integrating local details and global shape attributes in terms of visual perception.Our method modulates thin shell models using global deformations and local thickening while accounting for visual saliency,stability,and structural integrity.Thereby,thin shell models such as bas-reliefs,hollow shapes,and cloth can be stabilized to stand in arbitrary orientations,making them ideal for 3D printing.

A Methodology for Assessing Axial Compressor Stability with Inlet Temperature Ramp Distortion

Based on a small perturbation stability model for periodic flow,the effects of inlet total temperature ramp distortion on the axial compressor are investigated and the compressor stability is quantitatively evaluated.In the beginning,a small perturbation stability model for the periodic flow in compressors is proposed,referring to the governing equations of the Harmonic Balance Method.This stability model is validated on a single-stage low-speed compressor TA36 with uniform inlet flow.Then,the unsteady flow of TA36 with different inlet total temperature ramps and constant back pressure is simulated based on the Harmonic Balance Method.Based on these simulations,the compressor stability is analyzed using the proposed small perturbation model.Further,the Dynamic Mode Decomposition method is employed to accurately extract pressure oscillations.The two parameters of the temperature ramp,ramp rate and Strouhal number,are discussed in this paper.The results indicate the occurrence and extension of hysteresis loops in the rows,and a decrease in compressor stability with increasing ramp rate.Compressor performance is divided into two phases,stable and limit,based on the ramp rate.Furthermore,the model predictions suggest that a decrease in period length and an increase in Strouhal number lead to improved compressor stability.The DMD results imply that for compressors with inlet temperature ramp distortion,the increase of high-order modes and oscillations at the rotor tip is always the signal of decreasing stability.

A dynamic two-zone model of continuous fluidized bed layering granulation with internal product classification

A dynamic two-zone model is proposed to address the formation of granulation and drying zones in fluidized bed layering granulation processes with internal product classification. The model assumes a constant volume for the granulation zone, but a variable overall volume for the fluidized bed to account for classified product removal. The model is used to study the effect of various process parameters on dynamics and process stability. Stability is shown to depend on the separation diameter of product removal and the flow rate of the injected liquid. A lower and upper range of separation diameters with stable process behavior are found. In an intermediate range instability in the form of self-sustained oscillations is observed. The lower stability boundary is in qualitative agreement with recent experimental observations （Schmidt, Bück, ＆ Tsotsas, 2015）; the upper boundary was reported in a theoretical paper by Vreman, Van Lare, and Hounslow （2009） based on a single zone model.

Stability Analysis of DC-DC Converters with Energy Balance Control

With variation of parameters,DC-DC converters may change from a stable state to an unstable state,which severely degrades the performances of the converter system.In this article,by establishing the state-space average model,the stability and bifurcation of a boost and a buck-boost converter with energy balance control(EBC)is studied,respectively.Then the stability boundary and stable parameter domains are accurately predicted.The obtained stability region provides a parameter regulating range for converter design.Furthermore,compared with the one-cycle control(OCC)method,the EBC possesses an extended stable parameter domain,while avoiding unstable behaviors such as Hopf bifurcation,Quasi-periodic Oscillation even chaos,etc.The theoretic analysis is well validated through simulation and experiment.

基于CNN和LSTM混合网络的直流充电桩功率模块优化

直流充电桩内部功率变化动态性过强,不易捕捉及计算误差过大,提出基于CNN和LSTM混合网络的功率模块优化方法。根据充电桩电路工作原理,得到电路内部各项参数间存在的直接关联,根据该点采用三相电网平衡原理设计电力稳定控制函数,计算满足电压、电流以及功率最稳的调节比例系数,并作为调节点,建立CNN和LSTM混合网络多层次模型,计算有序、无序充放电过程的电力负荷变化,利用调节比例系数按照充电、放电所需功率需求完成优化。实验结果表明,所提方法的充电桩功率稳定,对充电桩的电压偏移量实现有效改善。

复杂地层全护筒跟进灌注桩护筒受力分析

本文针对混凝土灌注桩护筒受力问题,对护筒在钻进阶段与拔出阶段分别进行护筒受力分析,建立护筒钻进和拔出阶段的受力模型。根据建立的受力模型以及受力计算研究,提出护筒主要受力的理论计算公式。结果表明护筒受到的最大环向应力为混凝土灌注桩浇筑完成后混凝土对护筒内壁的挤压力,最大扭矩为钻进过程中护筒受到的扭矩,最大轴向力为护筒拔出过程中受到的拉力。对现场实例进行分析,结果表明所选取的护筒满足施工要求,护筒不会发生失稳破坏。本文提出的模型对全护筒跟进施工过程中护筒的尺寸选取和节约护筒成本具有一定的参考价值。

中国式现代化的叙事逻辑创新——基于均衡稳定视角

从世界现代化进程来看,中国式现代化实现了对西方话语体系的突破并塑造了均衡、稳定且同时充满活力的现代化模式。纵向上,有效的中央集权和有限的地方分权塑造了平稳的央地关系;横向上,政党嵌入重塑了国家、社会和市场的关系从而实现了国家内部四个维度的动态均衡;内外关系上,双循环新格局的构建保证了经济发展的独立性并实现了内外协调。平衡、稳定充满活力的中国式现代化突破了西方话语体系,实现了对西方现代化和东亚发展型国家模式等现代化模式的超越,并逐渐成为一种具有全球意义的理论叙事。

池塘水产养殖投饲区溶解氧稳定性分析研究

针对目前鱼塘投饲机定点投饲作业时,鱼群集中摄食而导致投饲区溶解氧不足,影响饵料利用率的问题,结合投饲区溶解氧稳定性特征规律研究提出投饲机优化设计思路。以振动式(VFM)、气动式(PFM)和风送投饲增氧一体式(AFM)3种投饲机为研究对象,基于鱼类呼吸耗氧模型及溶解氧收支平衡方程理论推导构建溶解氧稳定性模型,以溶解氧变异系数(DCV)为评价指标,深入分析投饲机作业时投饲区溶解氧变化规律。3种投饲机作业时DCV实测值和理论值分别为43.56%、42.28%(VFM);12.50%、14.92%(PFM);1.96%、3.88%(AFM),验证了所构建溶解氧稳定性模型有效性,同时结果表明投饲机作业性能对溶解氧稳定性具有重要影响。基于试验结果提出溶解氧参数应作为投饲机优化设计的重要指标之一,并提出以提高投饲区溶解氧稳定性为目的,将溶解氧参数与机械参数相结合,从内部抛料结构、投饲模式(定点投饲改为动点投饲)及智能化水平(精准投饲增氧)3个方面进行投饲机优化改进的建议。

不同降雨强度下露天矿边坡孔隙水压力及边坡稳定性研究

为了研究不同降雨强度对边坡稳定性的影响,以新疆天池能源南露天矿为例,针对降雨条件下边坡稳性降低问题,采用数值模拟并结合极限平衡法对不同降雨情况下边坡稳定性系数变化时情况进行研究。结果表明:降雨会导致边坡稳定性系数降低;降雨强度越大,稳定性系数下降越快;降雨越大,停雨后稳定性系数回升越快。

高压电力电容器内部最热点温度的计算模型

为了估计电力电容器内部运行最高温度,主要考虑了电力电容器的内部介质损耗造成电容器发热、运行环境温度和电容器外壳的散热性能,提出了以电力电容器在动态热平衡时的外壳最热温度作为中间变量,建立了电力电容器内部最热点温度的计算模型,通过一类大量用于电力系统无功功率补偿的电力电容器参数为计算依据,计算了电力电容器在不同运行容量、不同环境温度下的内部最热点温度。利用红外热像仪测量了并联电力电容器组长时间运行的环境温度和电容器外壳最热温度,测量结果验证了温度估计模型的有效性。最后,对加强电容器的安全运行提出了运行环境温度的建议。

河南电网实时调度系统若干功能与算法

实时调度系统主要负责发电和潮流的实时监视、实时调整和闭环控制。为达到既安全又经济的目标,文中把实时调度系统的主要功能分为实时平衡交易及实时安全管理2个模块。实时平衡交易模块在电网安全约束下,通过调整发电计划使发电与负荷平衡;实时安全管理模块则处理电网各种突发事件,包括阻塞管理、非计划停机等。在实时平衡交易中使用了鲁棒性较强的增量潮流模型,并提出了负荷平衡灵敏度,修正了原始灵敏度,使增量潮流模型不再依赖于松弛节点。使用最优次序法求解此模型,不仅满足了经济性与安全性的要求,而且满足了电力市场的公开和透明要求。将实时平衡交易模型经少量修改后用于阻塞管理,并应用平衡调节法求解阻塞管理模型。该系统在河南电网2年的运行实践证明了该算法的有效性和实用性。

新疆克里雅河流域绿洲适宜规模

利用克里雅河流域1957～2009年水文气象资料及2010年遥感影像数据,借助Z指数法及水热平衡模型分析了流域水资源在不同丰枯水平下的绿洲适宜规模。结果表明:克里雅河流域地表径流存在明显的丰枯变化;维持克里雅河流域下游天然绿洲稳定所需要的水资源为1.583亿m3;现状面积下,克里雅河流域人工绿洲在丰水期处于稳定水平,枯水期与平水期皆为亚稳定水平;克里雅河流域人工绿洲在丰水期、平水期和枯水期的适宜规模分别为1 608～2 413 km2、1 157～1 736 km2和978～1 467 km2,而较高水资源保证度下最为适宜的规模应控制在978～1 736 km2。

无线传感器网络中非均匀的最少分簇能耗均衡算法

无线传感器网络中,邻近基站的节点由于承载过多的数据量而过早死亡,从而引发热点问题。采用簇结构可以减轻热点问题,同时降低整个网络的能量消耗,但是簇头昂贵。为此提出了一种非均匀的最少分簇能耗均衡算法(EBUC),在该算法中,首先建立了一个最少覆盖模型,以优化簇头个数,并在此基础上研究如何通过调整簇内节点个数和融合相关度来均衡能耗,从而有效减轻热点问题。实验结果表明,通过调整簇内节点个数和限制融合相关度的大小,该算法可有效延长网络生存时间。

大规模风电并网下多区域互联系统热电综合调度模型

风电出力的随机性与波动性,进一步加剧了以燃煤发电机组为主的中国北方电网的运行调峰问题。我国北方地区同时存在着大规模的风电机组和高比例的热电联产机组,因而面对巨大的采暖需求和风电消纳问题,传统的调度运行方法难以应对。对此,提出大规模风电并网下多区域互联系统的热电综合调度模型。模型以最小化多区域互联系统期望总能耗为目标,考虑了风电的随机性,利用A R M A（auto-regressive and moving average）模型和Monte Carlo方法模拟生成大量风电场景,并基于场景削减技术得到具有较好代表性的有限场景集合。同时,模型打破＂以热定电＂的传统热电机组调度方法,并根据热能无法远距离传输,进行热电分区,将热能就地平衡,并考虑多区域互联的联络线约束,利用混合整数规划得到各场景下各类型机组及热电设备的日运行情况,由此分析热电综合调度模型对风电消纳做出的贡献。算例分析验证了所提模型与算法的有效性和实用性,可为我国多能互补产业的发展提供借鉴。

Kolmogorov模型的稳定性研究

研究了Kolmogorov模型的稳定性,给出了此模型全局稳定的一个充分条件.

泥浆渗透对盾构开挖面稳定性的影响研究

针对泥水平衡盾构工法遇到渗透性较大的砂性土体,或在特殊地质条件下出现泥浆与土体性质不匹配的情况,泥膜不能有效的阻止泥浆对土体产生渗透,泥浆的有效压力以渗透力的形式作用于开挖面土体,形成了开挖面稳定性的泥浆渗透模型。结合村山公式,考虑泥水的渗透区域与滑动面之间的几何关系对有效泥水压力进行折减,得到了泥浆渗透模型的开挖面稳定性安全系数,并采用此渗透模型探讨了泥浆渗透对开挖面稳定性的影响,通过实际工程算例的对比分析,表明该渗透模型是合理、有效的。

基于额外节点的无线传感器网络能耗均衡机制

在无线传感器网络中,邻近基站的节点由于承载过多的数据量而过早死亡,从而引发"热点"问题。该文讨论了在一般的环带模型中,通过增加一定的节点个数来均衡各环之间的能耗,以减轻"热点"问题,从而有效延长网络生存时间,所提出的模型可以保证传感器区域实现完全无缝覆盖时,所需要的节点个数最少。

偏心钻头底部钻具组合稳定器的适宜安放位置研究

采用静力分析的方法 ,建立了偏心钻头底部钻具组合的力学模型 ,并对力学模型进行了求解。对单稳定器及双稳定器钻具组合的力学分析结果表明 ,在设计钻具组合的稳定器位置时 ,应该以偏心块位于上方时计算的稳定器与钻头的最小距离为参考值。在钻具组合设计过程中最好使用钻压分配比一定且该值较小的钻头。采用双稳定器钻具组合时 ,钻头侧向力大于零的下稳定器与钻头的最小距离比单独采用一个稳定器时要小 ,且下稳定器位置的变化对钻头侧向力的影响要比上稳定器大得多。因此 ,在钻具组合的设计过程中对下稳定器安放位置的要求应该比上稳定器更为严格。