Structure-dependent behaviors of diode-triggered silicon controlled rectifier under electrostatic discharge stress

The comprehensive understanding of the structure-dependent electrostatic discharge behaviors in a conventional diode-triggered silicon controlled rectifier （DTSCR） is presented in this paper. Combined with the device simulation, a mathematical model is built to get a more in-depth insight into this phenomenon. The theoretical studies are verified by the transmission-line-pulsing （TLP） test results of the modified DTSCR structure, which is realized in a 65-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor （CMOS） process. The detailed analysis of the physical mechanism is used to provide predictions as the DTSCR-based protection scheme is required. In addition, a method is also presented to achieve the tradeoff between the leakage and trigger voltage in DTSCR.

Study on electrostatic discharge(ESD)characteristics of ultra-thin dielectric film

Electrostatic discharge(ESD)event usually destroys the electrical properties of dielectric films,resulting in product failure.In this work,the breakdown characteristic of machine mode(MM)ESD on three different nano size films of head gimble assemble are obtained experimentally.The breakdown voltage and thickness parameters show a positive proportional relationship,but they are generally very low and have large discrete characteristics(~30%).The maximum and minimum breakdown voltages of the tested samples are 1.08 V and 0.46 V,which are far lower than the requirement of the current standard(25 V).In addition,the judgment criterion of product damage is given,and the relationship between discharge voltage polarity,initial resistance and breakdown voltage is studied.Finally,the theoretical analysis of the breakdown characteristic law has been given.

Numerical Study on Comparison of Negative and Positive Surface Discharge in c-C_(4)F_(8)/CF_(3)I/CO_(2) Gas Mixture

The dynamics of negative surface discharges in c-C_(4)F_(8)/CF_(3)I/CO_(2) gas mixture is investigated here with a 2D fuid model.The distributions of ion concentration,electric field strength and photon flux during the propagation of the streamer are obtained by solving the drift-diffusion equations of particles and Poisson's equation,and the photon flux variation function during the propagation is also fitted.It is found that the streamer branches occur when the streamer transitions from the upper surface of the insulator to the side surface,and then when the streamer approaches the plane electrode,the photon flux will increase significantly.On this basis,the positive and negative surface discharge models are compared in terms of streamer characteristics,particle characteristics and streamer branches.It is found that the streamer has a higher electron concentration and electric field in the positive model.The streamer develops“floating”in the positive surface discharge,while it is close to the surface of the insulator in the negative model.In addition,the negative streamer branch has a wider width and develops further.

Prediction of gas pulsation of an industrial compressor

The measurement and prediction of gas pulsations are performed along the discharge pipeline of a reciprocating compressor for a refrigerator. A regression based experimental model of the one-dimensional acoustic field is developed. First, the conventional method for gas pulsation measurement and prediction, which separates the incident and reflected wave of acoustic waves traveling in the frequency domain, is discussed. Then, regression based on our proposed simple model, which is able to predict gas pulsation compared to the conventional method, is introduced for the analysis of a reciprocating compressor(The conventional method requires the value of sound speed in the piping line for the reciprocating compressor). A numerical prediction is made for the regression method. Three power spectrum values along the discharge pipeline are used for analysis, and two values are used for verification. Our results are in a good agreement with the conventional method.

Electrical model and experimental analysis of a double spiral structure surface dielectric barrier discharge

A surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) can discharge at atmospheric pressure and produce a large area of low-temperature plasma.An SDBD plasma reactor based on the double spiral structure is introduced in this paper.To study the discharge mechanism of SDBD,an equivalent circuit model was proposed based on the analysis of the micro-discharge process of SDBD.Matlab/Simulink is used to simulate and compare the voltage-current waves,Lissajous and discharge power with the experimental results.The consistency of the results verifies the validity of the SDBD equivalent circuit model.Maxwell software based on the finite elements method is used to analyze the electrostatic field distribution of the device,which can better explain the relationship between the discharge image and the electrostatic field distribution.The combination of equivalent circuit simulation and electrostatic field simulation can provide better guidance for optimizing a plasma generator.Finally,the device is used to treat PM2.5 and formaldehyde.The test results show that the degradation rate of PM2.5 can reach 78% after 24 min,and formaldehyde is about 31.5% after 10m in of plasma treatment.

Evaluation of the Capacitance and Charge Distribution for Conducting Bodies by Circuit Modelling

This paper presents a numerical analysis for computation of free space capacitance of different arbitrarily shaped conducting bodies based on the finite element method with triangular subsection modeling. Evaluation of capacitance of different arbitrary shapes is important for the electrostatic analysis. Capacitance computation is an important step in the prediction of electrostatic discharge which causes electromagnetic interference. We specifically illustrated capacitance computation of electrostatic models like unit cube, rectangular plate, triangular plate, T-shaped plate, sphere and two touching spheres. Numerical data on the capacitance of conducting objects are presented. The results are compared with other available results in the literature. We used the COMSOL Multiphysics software for the simulation. The models are designed in three-dimensional form using electrostatic environment and can be applied to any spacecraft circuit modeling design. The findings of this study show that the finite element method is a more accurate method and can be applied to any circuit modeling design.

功率金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管静电放电栅源电容解析模型的建立

在实际静电放电测试时,发现各种功率金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)的静电放电测试结果均呈现出正反向耐压不对称现象,而人体与器件接触时的静电放电过程是不区分正反向的.正反向耐压差异较大对于功率MOSFET或作为静电放电保护器件来说都是无法接受的,其造成器件失效的问题格外凸显.本文通过建立SGT-MOSFET,VUMOSFET和VDMOS在静电放电正反向电压下的栅源电容解析模型,对比分析了三种功率MOSFET器件静电放电正反向耐压不对称及其比值不同的原因,为器件的静电放电测试及可靠性分析提供了理论依据.

The abnormal electrostatic discharge of a no-connect metal cover in a ceramic packaging device

The human body model（HBM） stress of a no-connect metal cover is tested to obtain the characteristics of abnormal electrostatic discharge,including current waveforms and peak current under varied stress voltage and device failure voltage.A new discharge model called the ＂sparkover-induced model＂ is proposed based on the results.Then,failure mechanism analysis and model simulation are performed to prove that the transient peak current caused by a sparkover of low arc impedance will result in the devices＇ premature damage when the potential difference between the no-connect metal cover and the chip exceeds the threshold voltage of sparkover.

HBM、CDM静电放电模型及其失效特征研究

本文介绍了人体模型、带电器件模型两种典型的静电放电模型,对人体模型、带电器件模型的区别、静电放电失效机理进行了说明。通过对芯片进行人体模型、带电器件模型静电放电极限测试,获取不同静电放电模型芯片失效电压及其失效特征。实验结果表明,芯片抵抗人体模型、带电器件模型静电放电的能力没有直接关系,并不是抵抗人体模型静电放电能力强,耐带电器件模型静电放电能力就高;人体模型、带电器件模型静电放电极限测试后芯片损伤位置、损伤形貌存在差异。

静电放电发生器校准负载特性研究

静电在我们日常生活中随处可见,静电放电对电子设备的安全运行有重要影响,一般利用静电放电信号发生器模拟放电来评价静电放电对电子设备的影响。根据国家标准GB/T 17626.2的要求,静电放电发生器需要定期进行校准,以保证测试的可靠、可信。因此,对静电放电发生器的校准和校准中有重要影响的因素进行了探讨,提出了一种模型进行分析,通过分析得出校准中制造放电靶时应考虑的因素,并总结了校准中应该注意的事项。

静电放电电磁脉冲理论建模与作用机理研究进展

通过静电放电效应实验和理论分析,研究了IEC6100042标准规定的实验方法与实验平台的局限性,提出了改进的ESD电磁场理论模型,探讨了静电放电电磁脉冲对微电子器件作用机理,提出了相应防护对策。

输电线路雷击感应过电压计算及闪络分析

用РАЭЕВИГ模型分别计算了雷击线路附近时感应过电压的静电和电磁分量在线路上的分布。计算表明电磁分量幅值随主放电速度的增加而升高,在感应过电压计算中不可忽略。同时提出了绝缘子闪络后线路电压计算的叠加模型,并据此用贝杰龙法计算了闪络前后各相线路各点的对地电压。

一种新的BMM-ESD电流解析式计算方法

为进一步发展BMM-ESP电流的电路建模求解法,分析了静电放电测试环境在实际放电测试过程中的寄生参量并建立了一个9元件ESD电路模型,求得了电流在复频域的表达式,进而通过拉普拉斯反变换解得了BMM-ESD电流时域解析式。计算验证了实测BMM-ESD电流复频域表达式极点分布的规律:共6个极点都位于复频域的左半平面,含2对共轭复数和2个实数,从而概括出BMM-ESD电流时域解析式的一般形式。算例表明,电流解析式符合IEC规定,吻合实测波形,尤其能够有效描述实际ESD波形中常见的非标准现象:位于第1峰值与第2峰值间的寄生振荡。

微电子器件静电损伤实验

在不同的静电放电模型下,通过实验研究了几种典型的半导体器件的静电敏感端对的静电放电情况和灵敏参数,由于外部环境、材料、结构和加工工艺不同,器件的静电损伤模式不同,其最大未损伤阈值和最小损伤阈值也不尽相同。实验结果表明,对于高频低噪声npn型硅三极管来说,反向CB结的静电敏感度要高于反向EB结的静电敏感度;ESD电流注入硅器件不同端对时,灵敏参数一般包括反向击穿电压、直流电流放大系数和反向漏电流,而极间电容和噪声系数对静电不敏感。

静电放电电磁脉冲辐照效应研究

基于传输线理论研究了静电放电电磁脉冲(ESD EMP)对电路的辐照效应机理,并建立了相关的数学模型.参照IEC61000-4-2标准,进行了ESD EMP辐照效应实验,同时实测了耦合板周围电场强度,实验结果表明,当受试设备电路板平行于水平耦合板(HCP)放置时,在电场强度类似的情况下,对水平耦合板(HCP)放电时的感应干扰电压普遍比对垂直耦合板(VCP)放电时高.将实验结果与模型分析比较,结果吻合良好,因此可以用此模型来研究静电放电产生的电磁脉冲场与电子系统的能量耦合问题.本文研究也表明现行的IEC61000-4-2标准存在不足,水平耦合金属板会改变静电放电电磁脉冲辐射场的入射方向,对测试结果影响较大,需要对被测设备(EUT)的摆放位置作进一步的规范.

固定翼飞机静电分布及着陆泄放研究

为了研究固定翼飞机静电分布特性及着陆时静电泄放,在论述了固定翼飞机空中飞行时的静电产生机理、飞机静电的消散形式后用矩量法分别求取了飞机空中飞行、停靠地面时的电荷分布;获得了飞机着陆时的放电时间常数及某型飞机2种不同状态下的飞机电容:空中飞行时400pF,停靠地面时1.3nF。电荷分布计算结果与理论分析吻合,电容值与美军标Mil-Std-464给定数值一致,说明计算正确。最后根据静电放电的脉冲特性,建立了着陆时的静电放电的传输线电路模型,通过分析模型,给出了着陆时高阻的安全放置位置。

静电引信目标电场建模

研究了飞机上安装的静电放电针空间电场分布。静电放电针是飞机上释放静电的装置,由于静电放电针在释放静电时具有特有的空间电场,因此为了使静电引信能够利用这些信息来探测目标,需要掌握静电放电针的工作机理和空间电场分布情况。在一定的约束条件下,建立了静电放电针空间电场分布的数学模型,并进行了理论的分析,得到了静电放电针空间电场电位和电场强度的公式。仿真结果表明,所建立的数学模型基本符合静电放电针空间电场分布的特征。

应用粒子群优化算法的静电放电模型参数辨识

为了获得精确的静电放电模型,提出了一种应用粒子群优化算法的静电放电模型参数辨识新方法。以Heidler雷电流方程的静电放电模型参数为辨识对象,分别以仿真及实验数据验证了该方法的可行性,并从电流波形的整体和局部两方面对拟合效果进行了评估。结果表明,与遗传算法相比,粒子群优化方法的执行速度更快,所得的辨识参数精度更高,粒子群优化方法对电流波形的整体和局部关键点的拟合度均高于遗传算法。因此,粒子群算法较遗传算法更适用于解决静电放电模型参数辨识问题。此外,从实例可以看出,粒子群算法不需要过多的初始参数值先验知识,而只须提供一个较宽的初始参数搜索范围即可获得良好的辨识结果。

空气式静电放电规律研究和理论建模

空气静电放电(ESD)是一种复杂的气体放电过程并受到很多因素的影响,其中放电电压的大小、极性、电极接近速度和环境湿度都是影响放电的主要因素.利用本课题研制的新型静电放电实验装置,在不同的放电电压、不同极性、不同电极接近速度和不同环境湿度条件下研究了空气ESD的放电特性,重点分析了放电电流峰值与这些因素的关系.建立了能够估算放电参数和被试设备接收的耦合电压之间定量关系的数学模型,可为ESD抗扰度实验的定量分析提供参考.

典型桥丝式电火工品静电危害影响分析

为开展典型桥丝式电火工品静电放电危害分析,对基于人体-火工品静电放电模型进行分析,通过数值计算方法探讨了电火工品脚-脚模式静电放电产生的桥丝热响应规律,并通过试验获得典型桥丝式电火工品静电放电阈值边界;利用电火工品简化结构模型以及Ansoft Maxwell软件,仿真获得脚-壳模式下静电场分布规律,并开展试验研究探索电火工品静电击穿特性。此外,针对脚-脚及脚-壳两种危害模式提出了典型桥丝式电火工品静电放电作用机制。