Quantification of Ride Comfort Using Musculoskeletal Mathematical Model Considering Vehicle Behavior

This research aims to quantify driver ride comfort due to changes in damper characteristics between comfort mode and sport mode,considering the vehicle’s inertial behavior.The comfort of riding in an automobile has been evaluated in recent years on the basis of a subjective sensory evaluation given by the driver.However,reflecting driving sensations in design work to improve ride comfort is abstract in nature and difficult to express theoretically.Therefore,we evaluated the human body’s effects while driving scientifically by quantifying the driver’s behavior while operating the steering wheel and the behavior of the automobile while in motion using physical quantities.To this end,we collected driver and vehicle data using amotion capture system and vehicle CAN and IMU sensors.We also constructed a three-dimensional musculoskeletal mathematical model to simulate driver movements and calculate the power and amount of energy per unit of time used for driving the joints and muscles of the human body.Here,we used comfort mode and sport mode to compare damper characteristics in terms of hardness.In comfort mode,damper characteristics are soft and steering stability is mild,but vibration from the road is not easily transmitted to the driver making for a lighter load on the driver.In sport mode,on the other hand,damper characteristics are hard and steering stability is comparatively better.Still,vibration from the road is easily transmitted to the driver,whichmakes it easy for a load to be placed on the driver.As a result of this comparison,it was found that a load was most likely to be applied to the driver’s neck.This result in relation to the neck joint can therefore be treated as an objective measure for quantifying ride comfort.

Analysis and FDTD Modeling of the Influences of Microwave Electromagnetic Waves on Human Biological Systems

The interactions of electromagnetic waves with the human body are complex and depend on several factors related to the characteristics of the incident wave, including its frequency, its intensity, the polarization of the tissue encountered, the geometry of the tissue and its electromagnetic properties. That’s to say, the dielectric permittivity, the conductivity and the type of coupling between the field and the exposed body. A biological system irradiated by an electromagnetic wave is traversed by induced currents of non-negligible density;the water molecules present in the biological tissues exposed to the electromagnetic field will begin to oscillate at the frequency of the incident wave, thus creating internal friction responsible for the heating of the irradiated tissues. This heating will be all the more important as the tissues are rich in water. This article presents the establishment from a mathematical and numerical analysis explaining the phenomena of interaction and consequences between electromagnetic waves and health. Since the total electric field in the biological system is unknown, that is why it can be determined by the Finite Difference Time Domain FDTD method to assess the electromagnetic power distribution in the biological system under study. For this purpose, the detailed on the mechanisms of interaction of microwave electromagnetic waves with the human body have been presented. Mathematical analysis using Maxwell’s equations as well as bio-heat equations is the basis of this study for a consistent result. Therefore, a thermal model of biological tissues based on an electrical analogy has been developed. By the principle of duality, an electrical model in the dielectric form of a multilayered human tissue was used in order to obtain a corresponding thermal model. This thermal model made it possible to evaluate the temperature profile of biological tissues during exposure to electromagnetic waves. The simulation results obtained from computer tools show that the temperature in the biological tissue is a linear function of the duration of exposure to microwave electromagnetic waves.

Metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma models in nude mice and cell line with metastatic potential

Metastatic human HCC model is needed for the studies on mechanism and intervention of metastatic recurrence. By using orthotopic implantation of histologically intact tissues of 30 surgical specimens, a patient-like metastatic model of human HCC in nude mice (LCI-D20) and a low metastatic model of human HCC in nude mice (LCI-D35) have been established. All mice with transplanted LCI-D20 tumors exhibited extremely high metastatic ability including spontaneous metastasis to liver, lungs, lymph nodes and peritoneal seeding. Remarkable difference was also found in expression of some of the invasiveness related genes and growth factors between the LCI-D20 and LCI-D35 tumors. PAI-1 increased gradually following tumor progression in LCI-D20 model, and correlated with tumor size and AFP level. Phasic expression of tissue intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in this model was also observed. Using corneal micropocket model, it was demonstrated that the vascular response induced by LCI-D20 tumor was stronger than that induced by LCI-D35 tumor. Similar report on metastatic human HCC model in nude mice and human HCC cell line with metastatic potential was rarely found in the literature. This LCI-D20 model has been widely used for the studies on intervention of metastasis, including anti-angiogenesis,antisense approach, metalloproteinase inhibitor, differentiation inducer, etc. It is concluded that the establishment of metastatic human HCC model in nude mice and human HCC cell line with metastatic potential will provide important models for the in vitro and in vitro study of HCC invasiveness, angiogenesis as well as intervention of HCC recurrence.

Monoamine alterations and rotational asymmetry in a rat model of Parkinson's disease following lateral ventricle transplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells

BACKGROUND： Human amniotic epithelial cells （HAECs） can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. They biologically secrete many active neurotrophins and have the capacity to metabolize dopamine enzymes. These features underlie a theoretical basis for the treatment of Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the survival and differentiation of transplanted HAECs in the lateral ventricle of PD model rats, and to explore its effect on circling behavior, as well as levels of dopamine （DA）, the metabolite homovanillic acid, dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the striatum. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Celstar Institute of Biotechnology from May 2007 to December 2008. MATERIALS： HAECs were derived from the placental chorion following caesarean delivery at the Shanghai International Matemal and Child Health Hospital. 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA）, and mouse anti-human Vimentin monoclonal antibody were purchased from Sigma, USA; mouse anti-human nestin and tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） monoclonal antibodies were purchased from Chemicon, USA. METHODS： A total of 114 healthy, adult, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups： PD model [n = 90, stereotactic microinjection of 2 μL 6-OHDA （3.5 μg/uL） into the striatum] and control （n = 24, no treatment）. The 51 successful PD model rats were randomly divided into 3 subgroups （n = 17）： HAEC, PBS, and model. The HAEC and PBS groups were respectively injected with 10 μL PBS solution containing 1 × 10^5/mL HAECs or 10 pL PBS into the lateral ventricle. The model group was not treated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： TH protein expression in the striatum was evaluated by immunohistochemistry 5 weeks after HAEC transplantation. At 10 weeks, HAEC survival in the lateral ventricle was investigated by immunofluorescent staining; differentiation of HAECs in the lateral and third ventricles was examined by TH immunohistochemistry; concentrations of DA, homovanillic acid, dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the striatum, as well as DA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid, were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. Circling behavior of PD model rats was consecutively observed for 10 weeks following intraperitoneal injection of amphetamine 1 week after successful model establishment. RESULTS： tn the HAEC group, the number of TH-positive cells significantly increased in the striatum, and circling behavior significantly decreased, compared with the PBS and model groups （P 〈 0.01）. In addition, monoamine concentrations in the striatum, as well as DA concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, significantly increased, compared with the PBS group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. Moreover, a large number of nestin-, vimentin-, and TH-positive cells were observed in the lateral and third ventricles following HAEC injection.CONCLUSION： HAECs survived for 10 weeks with no overgrowth following transplantation into the lateral ventricle of PD model rats. Moreover, the cells differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, which increased DA secretion. HAEC transplantation improved cycling behavior in PD model rats.

Orthotopic transplantation model of human gastrointestinal cancer and detection of micrometastases

AIM: To establish a relevant animal model of human gastrointestinal cancer, which can be used for repetitive investigations, so as to improve our understanding and management of carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis. METHODS: Intact tissues of human colorectal and pancreatic cancers were transplanted in nude mice. The biological characteristics of the original and the corresponding transplanted tumors were investigated by HE staining, PAS staining and immunostaining. The metastases in the livers and lungs of nude mice were investigated by immunostaining with biotinylated mab KL-1 and by RT-PCR using CK20 specific primers. RESULTS: There were totally 9 of 16 surgical specimens growing in nude mice subcutaneously and/or orthotopically (4 of 6 colorectal and 5 of 10 pancreatic cancer). Tumor cell content of the specimens and freezing of tissue specimens are important factors influencing the growth of transplanted tumor. In the group of fresh tumor tissues with greater than 50% tumor cell content, the success rate of the transplantation was 100% (3 cases of pancreatic cancer and 3 cases of colorectal cancer). The orthotopically trans-planted tumors resemble the original tumor morphologically and biologically, including TAA expression such as CEA by immunohistochemistry, and CEA level in the serum of mice. Ki-67 labeling index and the expression of TAA especially K-ras, 17-1A and RA-96, are associated with the potential of tumor growth in nude mice. Micrometastases in the lungs and livers of tumor bearing mice can be detected by immunostaining with biotinylated mab KL-1 and CK20-specific RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: An orthotopic transplantation model for human colon and pancreatic cancer in nude mice has been set up. We have also established sensitive detection methods with CK-immunohistochemistry and CK20-RT-PCR to study xenotransplanted human cancer and its metastatic cancer cells in the liver and lung of nude mice. This study may be helpful in understanding the mechanism of cancer metastasis and in developing new diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for metastases including micrometastases.

Human Comfort Instrument Design Based on Embedded

The traditional human comfort meter has the following defects: the interface is not uniform;the operation is cumbersome and complicated;the interface is unfriendly, and the stability and adaptability are poor. This paper presents a design scheme for human comfort instrument based on embedded system, using S3C2440 embedded development board and the sensors to collect the real-time temperature, relative humidity and wind speed data and to process the collecting data;then obtaining the human body comfort value according to the basic algorithm of human body comfort instrument;giving the human comfort conclusion according to the diastolic index range of human comfort, and showing the temperature and humidity, wind speed, comfort value and conclusion through writing the Qt graphical user interface program. At the same time, the human comfort instrument has the data storage function. The human comfort instrument is high in integration, strong in real time, high in sensitivity, stable and reliable, and it meets the development goals of the intelligent meteorological service, and meets the demand of the meteorological service that is closer to life, and it has broad development prospect.

Human Comfort Evaluation of a Steel-Concrete Composite Building Subjected to Aerobics

The current steel-concrete composite floors design might be susceptible to the resonance phenomenon, causing undesirable vibrations in the frequency range that is the most noticeable to humans, i.e., 4 Hz to 8 Hz. This way, the main objective of this work is to investigate the dynamic structural behaviour of a steel-concrete composite multi-storey building when subjected to human rhythmic activities （aerobics）. The studied structural model represents a typical interior floor bay of a commercial building used for gym and is composed by three floor levels spanning 20 m by 20 m, with a total area of 3×400 m2. An extensive parametric study was developed aiming to obtain the peak accelerations, RMS （root mean square） accelerations and VDV （vibration dose value） values, based on two different mathematical formulations. The human comfort of the building was analysed and the vibration transmissibility related to the steel columns was verified. Based on the found results, the investigated structural model presented high vibration levels that compromise the human comfort.

Analysis of the Self-correction Model——from the view of cognitive psychology

In view of the learners Chinglish,this paper puts forward a new teaching model-the Self-correction Model and makes an analysis of it from the view of cognitive psychology.

Impacts of Roof/Ground Mitigation Strategies on Improving the Urban Thermal Environment and Human Comfort over the Yangtze River Delta, China

The combined effects of global warming and the urban heat islands exacerbate the risk of urban heat stress. It is crucial to implement effective cooling measures in urban areas to improve the comfort of the thermal environment. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF), coupled with a single-layer Urban Canopy Model(UCM), was used to study the impact of heat mitigation strategies. In addition, a 5-km resolution land-cover dataset for China(ChinaLC), which is based on satellite remote sensing data, was adjusted and used, and 18 groups of numerical experiments were designed, to increase the albedo and vegetation fraction of roof/ground parameters. The experiments were conducted for four heatwave events that occurred in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of China. The simulated results demonstrated that, for the single roof/ground schemes, the mitigation effects were directly proportional to the albedo and greening. Among all the experimental schemes, the superposed schemes presented better cooling effects. For the ground greening scheme, with similar net radiation flux and latent heat flux, its storage heat was lower than that of the roof greening scheme, resulting in more energy flux into the atmosphere, and its daytime cooling effect was not as good as that of the roof greening scheme. In terms of human thermal comfort(HTC), the improvement achieved by the ground greening scheme was better than any other single roof/ground schemes, because the increase in the relative humidity was small. The comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation effects of different schemes on the thermal environment presented in this paper provides a theoretical basis for improving the urban environment through rational urban planning and construction.

Transplantation of human hepatocytes into tolerized genetically immunocompetent rats

AIM: To determine whether normal genetically immunocompetent rodent hosts could be manipulated to accept human hepatocyte transplants with long term survival without immunosuppression. METHODS: Tolerance towards human hepatocytes was established by injection of primary human hepatocytes or Huh7 human hepatoma cells into the peritoneal cavities of fetal rats. Corresponding cells were subsequently transplanted into newborn rats via intrasplenic injection within 24h after birth. RESULTS: Mixed lymphocyte assays showed that spleen cells from non-tolerized rats were stimulated to proliferate when exposed to human hepatocytes, while cells from tolerized rats were not. Injections made between 15 d and 17 d of gestation produced optimal tolerization. Transplanted human hepatocytes in rat livers were visualized by immunohistochemical staining of human albumin. By dot blotting of genomic DNA in livers of tolerized rats 16 weeks after hepatocyte transplantation, it was found that approximately 2.5 X 10(5) human hepatocytes survived per rat liver. Human albumin mRNA was detected in rat livers by RT-PCR for 15 wk, and human albumin protein was also detectable in rat serum. CONCLUSION: Tolerization of an immuno-competent rat can permit transplantation, and survival of functional human hepatocytes.

基于CiteSpace的人体热调节模型研究分析

人体热调节模型在“人体-服装-环境”系统的热湿传递机理研究中具有非常重要的作用,一直是传热传质学、生理学、工效学、纺织服装、建筑与环境等多学科交叉研究的重点。利用CiteSpace软件,从文献计量学的角度对Web of Science核心合辑收录的499篇有关人体热调节模型的研究论文进行数据可视化处理和分析。研究结果表明:东华大学、中国香港理工大学、清华大学是本领域的高产机构;Fiala模型、JOS模型和Gagge模型是近年来引用最多的热调节模型;我国热调节模型相关研究文献发表数位居世界第二,但因起步较晚,应用型研究较多,原创性热调节模型少,国际影响力较弱;计算流体力学和人工神经网络逐渐成为近几年的研究热点。

移乘背抱护理机器人舒适性生物力学模型分析

为探索移乘背抱护理机器人人机交互力学特性与被护理人舒适性感受的潜在关联,研究显性的人机接触力相对于人体生物力学特性的映射关系,揭示影响被护理人舒适性的主要作用肌群,提出了舒适性测试试验与AnyBody背抱运动人体生物力学模型相结合的方法.从被护理人的肌肉激活程度入手,对移乘背抱护理机器人背抱运动舒适性特征进行了分析.首先,介绍了移乘背抱护理机器人典型结构工作原理并进行了运动学分析,在此基础上搭建了舒适性测试试验系统,基于主观舒适性评分规划了服务于试验的基础运动轨迹,并通过试验得到了人机主要接触部位力学信息.然后,以试验数据为边界条件构建了基于AnyBody的背抱运动人体生物力学模型,依托逆动力学仿真分析得到了肌肉激活程度,并对比舒适性测试肌肉激活程度验证了仿真模型的有效性.最后,结合人机主要接触部位受力、肌肉激活程度及主观舒适性评分综合分析了移乘背抱护理机器人背抱运动舒适性特征,明确了影响被护理人舒适性的主要作用肌群.结果表明:影响被护理人舒适性的主要作用肌群有7个,且被护理人胸部压力与腋下压力值大小分别与影响其躯干和上肢舒适性的肌肉激活程度呈正相关.可通过建立胸部压力与腋下压力值相关的加权函数有效描述不同被护理人整体舒适性特征,为移乘背抱护理机器人舒适性运动控制提供了理论依据.

集总与多体耦合人车模型的振动特性仿真

为了更好地分析车辆行驶时人体的振动情况以及更好地评价人体的动态舒适性,通过COMSOL软件建立了集总参数与多体耦合人-椅-车动力学模型。利用滤波白噪声法建立随机路面时域模型作为人车系统的振动输入,对不同路面等级和车速下的人体振动响应进行时域和频域仿真分析。根据ISO 2631-1:1997(E)计算垂向和纵向人体头部以及臀部的加速度均方根值,以此来评价人体乘坐舒适性。研究结果表明,路面等级越低、车速越高,人体乘坐舒适性越差。提出的集总与多体耦合人-椅-车振动模型可以比较精确地计算出坐姿人体垂向、纵向的振动响应,有助于对车辆乘坐舒适性进行评价。

基于SolidWorks的三维人体建模及座椅舒适性分析

应用三维人体CAD模型可在座椅的设计阶段对其舒适性进行灵活、有效地分析。参照二维人体模板拟定三维人体模型的结构划分,以人体形体数据和人机工程学为依托,在SolidWorks造型平台上实现对三维人体模型的建模。通过人体CAD模型对座椅CAD模型的"几何匹配",精确提取坐姿人体模型的姿态角度,对比人体坐姿标准舒适角度范围,实现对座椅舒适性的分析。

基于海拔梯度的彭州市山地旅游气候资源评价

为评价彭州旅游气候资源,利用2012-2021年41个气象观测站(1个国家常规地面观测站及40个区域站)逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、降水量、风速和日照时数等资料,通过温湿、风效、着衣指数建立综合舒适度模型。结果表明:温湿指数山、丘、坝区最适月为6、5、4月份,A等级占87%、87%、53%;风效指数峰值在8月上中旬,较温湿指数滞后10~20 d,最适月为:坝区(3、10、11月份)、山区(4、5、10月份)、丘区(4、10月份);着衣指数低谷在7月下旬,峰值丘区12月下旬,山、坝区1月上旬;综合舒适度指数呈“M”型分布,坝、丘、山区最适月在4月份和10月份、5月份和9月份、6月份和8月份,5-8月份丘坝区指数显著降低,山区波动不大。夏季山区综合舒适度最佳,显著优于丘、坝区。

表达人Fas配体的质粒用于治疗小鼠甲状腺相关眼病

目的探求表达人Fas配体(hFasL)的质粒在甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)小鼠模型中的治疗作用。方法小鼠分为3组。对照组(10只)用空质粒pcDNA3.1(+)活化的脾细胞免疫后,以空质粒治疗;模型组和治疗组(各19只)均以人TSH受体(hTSHR)活化的脾细胞进行免疫,前者不予治疗,后者行眼球后注射表达hFasL的质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hFasL。结果模型组52.6%的眼眶组织出现了肌纤维变性及溶解断裂、脂肪组织增生、水肿等TAO样改变,与对照组相比,TT4升高、TSH降低(P<0.05)。治疗组仅15.8%有类似TAO改变,电镜下见有凋亡细胞,TT4、TSH回复至对照组水平。TRAb在3组间均无差异。结论眼球后注射表达hFasL的质粒治疗TAO小鼠取得了一定效果。

基于B/S结构的企业人力资源管理可视化动态决策支持系统设计

本文在分析企业人力资源管理信息系统的开发现状、发展趋势以及系统目标的基础上,重点研究了企业人力资源管理可视化动态决策支持系统的动态决策模型和可视化实现技术等关键问题,并给出了一种基于B/S结构的企业人力资源管理可视化动态决策支持系统的设计方案,为下一步实现该系统提供技术基础。

人行天桥人致荷载模型与舒适度评价方法研究

人行天桥结构的自振频率较低,人的走动、跑跳的频率重合很可能引发结构发生共振。近年来结构的振动问题越来越成为结构分析、设计的焦点问题。论文介绍了人行天桥舒适度分析的实用分析方法,阐述了国外相关规范与指南对人行天桥质量源、阻尼比以及荷载施加方法,依据其他国家相关规范与指南提出适宜人行桥的舒适度评价方法,并据此总结出人行天桥舒适度分析的实用性分析流程。希望论文的设计评价方法可以为人行天桥舒适度时程分析提供有效的参考与借鉴。

一个基于B-S期权定价理论的人力资本定价模型

基于现有应用B-S期权定价理论的人力资本定价模型的不足,本文考虑人力资本投入率因素,并在计算定性变量时综合运用模糊数学与精确数学的方法。在此基础上本文构造了一个人力资本定价模型,试图对现有应用了B-S期权定价理论的人力资本定价的思路作出部分改进。

贝叶斯回归的多核ESN在站立姿态下的操纵舒适性预测研究

操纵舒适性是人机系统研究的重要内容之一。针对操纵舒适性评价的不确定性和模糊性,构建基于贝叶斯的多核回声状态网络(Echo state network,ESN)模型,对站立姿态下的操纵舒适性进行评价。通过实验,收集不同操纵位置对用户的舒适性影响。15名被试者参与了本次实验,每个被试者需要完成100个操纵任务,实验过程中被试者的操纵姿势、目标位置、脚底压力、被试人体尺寸和主观舒适性的数据将被记录下来。选取了10%的实验数据对所提出的方法进行了验证,并与BP神经网络预测模型进行比较,结果表明T-S FNN模型具有较小的均方根误差。最后随机选取了10组操纵任务与快速上肢评估方法(RULA)进行比较,结果表明该方法和实际值相关性系数为0.97(p<0.05),与RULA结果的相关性为0.66(p<0.05),说明该方法能够较好地反应真实结果。