The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in...The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in the sustainable development of this system. The value of water conserved by the forest is influenced by natural, economic and social factors. In this paper, the water quality, per capita water resources, per capita GDP and population density are chosen as indices to construct an index system for a comprehensive evaluation of water resources value. The weights of these indices are 0.443, 0.31, 0.141 and 0.106 respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. The water resources value has been assessed by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that the water resources value in the Hani Rice Terraces System is 4.25 RMB/m^3. Evaluating the value of water resources in the Hani Rice Terraces System can provide a reference for ecological compensation, for raising public awareness of the importance of protecting the system, and ultimately achieving its sustainable development.展开更多
Santana of Shanghai VW: Since its formal operation in Sept. of 1985, except the new model of Santana 2000, Shanghai VW has produced 500 thousands units of Santana passenger cars totally with the
In this paper we construct an extended non-competitive input-occupancy-output model that captures China＇s processing trade and also develop a methodology to estimate the domestic value-added and employment generated ...In this paper we construct an extended non-competitive input-occupancy-output model that captures China＇s processing trade and also develop a methodology to estimate the domestic value-added and employment generated by each unit of total exports, of exports by sector, and of exports by commodity, respectively. We also prove mathematically that the gross value of exports is equal to the sum of total value added and total imports. Based on the methodology proposed here, we compile the 2002 extended Chinese non-competitive input-occupancy-output table and the United States non-competitive input-occupancy- output table, and then estimate and analyze the effects of China＇s exports and US exports on their respective domestic value added and employment.展开更多
Although the goal of traditional text summarization is to generate summaries with diverse information, most of those applications have no explicit definition of the information structure. Thus, it is difficult to gene...Although the goal of traditional text summarization is to generate summaries with diverse information, most of those applications have no explicit definition of the information structure. Thus, it is difficult to generate truly structure-aware summaries because the information structure to guide summarization is unclear. In this paper, we present a novel framework to generate guided summaries for product reviews. The guided summary has an explicitly defined structure which comes from the important aspects of products. The proposed framework attempts to maximize expected aspect satisfaction during summary generation. The importance of an aspect to a generated summary is modeled using Labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation. Empirical experimental results on consumer reviews of cars show the effectiveness of our method.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Fund, China (Grant Nos. 31200376, 41201586)the CAS Visiting Professor-Ship for Senior International Scientists (Grant No. 2013T2Z0011)
文摘The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in the sustainable development of this system. The value of water conserved by the forest is influenced by natural, economic and social factors. In this paper, the water quality, per capita water resources, per capita GDP and population density are chosen as indices to construct an index system for a comprehensive evaluation of water resources value. The weights of these indices are 0.443, 0.31, 0.141 and 0.106 respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. The water resources value has been assessed by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that the water resources value in the Hani Rice Terraces System is 4.25 RMB/m^3. Evaluating the value of water resources in the Hani Rice Terraces System can provide a reference for ecological compensation, for raising public awareness of the importance of protecting the system, and ultimately achieving its sustainable development.
文摘Santana of Shanghai VW: Since its formal operation in Sept. of 1985, except the new model of Santana 2000, Shanghai VW has produced 500 thousands units of Santana passenger cars totally with the
基金This is a translated version of the paper published in Chinese in Social Sciences in China （Zhongguo shehui kexue, 2007, no. 5, pp. 91-103）, which has received the ＂Pei-Kang CHANG Development Economics Award＂ and ＂Sun Yefang Economics Award.＂ The authors are grateful to Mr. Tung Chee- hwa, former President of Hong Kong SAR, Chinese University of Hong Kong and National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 70810107020, 70871108, 60474063） for their financial support. The authors thank Dr Wang Zhi from US International Trade Commission, and anonymous referees for their useful comments. Usual claims are applied.
文摘In this paper we construct an extended non-competitive input-occupancy-output model that captures China＇s processing trade and also develop a methodology to estimate the domestic value-added and employment generated by each unit of total exports, of exports by sector, and of exports by commodity, respectively. We also prove mathematically that the gross value of exports is equal to the sum of total value added and total imports. Based on the methodology proposed here, we compile the 2002 extended Chinese non-competitive input-occupancy-output table and the United States non-competitive input-occupancy- output table, and then estimate and analyze the effects of China＇s exports and US exports on their respective domestic value added and employment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60973104 and 60803075with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Center,Ottawa,Canada IRCI Project
文摘Although the goal of traditional text summarization is to generate summaries with diverse information, most of those applications have no explicit definition of the information structure. Thus, it is difficult to generate truly structure-aware summaries because the information structure to guide summarization is unclear. In this paper, we present a novel framework to generate guided summaries for product reviews. The guided summary has an explicitly defined structure which comes from the important aspects of products. The proposed framework attempts to maximize expected aspect satisfaction during summary generation. The importance of an aspect to a generated summary is modeled using Labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation. Empirical experimental results on consumer reviews of cars show the effectiveness of our method.
