Theoretical and experimental analysis of a new refrigerant mixture BY-3 was conducted based on a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system. The water-water heat pump system used BY-3 to produce hot water whe...Theoretical and experimental analysis of a new refrigerant mixture BY-3 was conducted based on a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system. The water-water heat pump system used BY-3 to produce hot water when the low temperature was 20 ℃. The following results were obtained: the highest temperature at the condenser outlet reached about 85 ℃; when the difference between the water temperatures at the condenser outlet and the evaporator inlet was less than 40 ℃, the coefficient of performance (COP) was larger than 4; when the difference reached 55 ℃, the COP still kept 3; the discharge temperature of BY-3 was lower than 100 ℃, and the refrigerant vapor pressure kept lower than 1.8 MPa. When the water temperature at the condenser outlet reached over 85 ℃, nearly a 5 ℃ superheating temperature was maintained.展开更多
The thermodynamic aspect of a compression type heat pump （HP） is briefly described and special attention is given to investigation of condensing temperature influence on heat pump efficiency in heating mode, express...The thermodynamic aspect of a compression type heat pump （HP） is briefly described and special attention is given to investigation of condensing temperature influence on heat pump efficiency in heating mode, expressed by its coefficient of performance （COP）. Heat pumps are usually applied for the purposes of heating and cooling of energy efficient buildings where they have advantages in low-temperature systems, as it is well documented in the paper. The comparison of real thermodynamic processes with thermodynamically most favorable Camot＇s process is made. The results in the paper show that COP is diminishing with increasing of condensing temperature and also depends on real properties of working fluids. The impact of compressor efficiency for two real working media is also analyzed in the paper. There is significant diminishing of COP with diminishing of compressor efficiency. The intension of the paper is to help better understanding of this very effective and prosperous technology, and to encourage its development, production, and efficient application.展开更多
In this paper, the simulation approach and exergy analysis of multi-stage compression high tempera- ture heat pump （HTHP） systems with R1234ze（Z） working fluid are conducted. Both the single-stage and multi-stage ...In this paper, the simulation approach and exergy analysis of multi-stage compression high tempera- ture heat pump （HTHP） systems with R1234ze（Z） working fluid are conducted. Both the single-stage and multi-stage compression cycles are analyzed to compare the system performance with 120℃ pressurized hot water supply based upon waste heat recovery. The exergy destruction ratios of each component for different stage compression systems are compared. The results show that the exergy loss ratios of the compressor are bigger than that of the evaporator and the condenser for the single-stage compres- sion system. The multi-stage compression system has better energy and exergy etticiencies with the increase of compression stage number. Compared with the single- stage compression system, the coefficient of performance （COP） improvements of the two-stage and three-stage compression system are 9.1% and 14.6%, respectively. When the waste heat source temperature is 60℃, the exergy efficiencies increase about 6.9% and 11.8% for the two-stage and three-stage compression system respec- tively.展开更多
A novel combined power and heat generation system was investigated in this study. This system consists of a low-temperature geothermally-powered organic Rankine cycle (ORC) subsystem, an intermediate heat exchanger an...A novel combined power and heat generation system was investigated in this study. This system consists of a low-temperature geothermally-powered organic Rankine cycle (ORC) subsystem, an intermediate heat exchanger and a commercial R134a-based heat pump subsystem. The advantages of the novel combined power and heat generation system are free of using additional cooling water circling system for the power generation subsystem as well as maximizing the use of thermal energy in the low-temperature geothermal source. The main purpose is to identify suitable working fluids (wet, isentropic and dry flu-ids) which may yield high PPR (the ratio of power produced by the power generation subsystem to power consumed by the heat pump subsystem) value and QQR (the ratio of heat supplied to the user to heat produced by the geothermal source) value. Parameters under investigation were evaporating temperature, PPR value and QQR value. Results indicate that there exits an optimum evaporating temperature to maximize the PPR value and minimize the QQR value at the same time for individual fluid. And dry fluids show higher PPR values but lower QQR values. NH3 and R152a outstand among wet fluids. R134a out-stands among isentropic fluids. R236ea, R245ca, R245fa, R600 and R600a outstand among dry fluids. R236ea shows the highest PPR value among the recommended fluids.展开更多
In China, directly dropping high temperature refrigerant into conventional compressor is considered as a dominant technical route for development of moderately high temperature heat pump. Based on this route, selectio...In China, directly dropping high temperature refrigerant into conventional compressor is considered as a dominant technical route for development of moderately high temperature heat pump. Based on this route, selection criteria for high temperature refrigerant were presented with consideration of several influencing factors. Moreover, a set of research methods were built including theoretical calculations and experimental tests. Four high temperature refrigerants from HTR01 to HTR04 were compared and analyzed. In results, firstly, HTR03 and HTR04 belonging to non-ozone depleting refrigerants could bring outstanding environmental benefits; secondly, the condenser outlet water efficiently generated by heat pump using high temperature refrigerants could cover 60°C–90°C;; finally, the feasibility of the technical route and the research methods were proved.展开更多
基金Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China ("973" Program, No. 2009CB219907)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT0936)
文摘Theoretical and experimental analysis of a new refrigerant mixture BY-3 was conducted based on a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system. The water-water heat pump system used BY-3 to produce hot water when the low temperature was 20 ℃. The following results were obtained: the highest temperature at the condenser outlet reached about 85 ℃; when the difference between the water temperatures at the condenser outlet and the evaporator inlet was less than 40 ℃, the coefficient of performance (COP) was larger than 4; when the difference reached 55 ℃, the COP still kept 3; the discharge temperature of BY-3 was lower than 100 ℃, and the refrigerant vapor pressure kept lower than 1.8 MPa. When the water temperature at the condenser outlet reached over 85 ℃, nearly a 5 ℃ superheating temperature was maintained.
文摘The thermodynamic aspect of a compression type heat pump （HP） is briefly described and special attention is given to investigation of condensing temperature influence on heat pump efficiency in heating mode, expressed by its coefficient of performance （COP）. Heat pumps are usually applied for the purposes of heating and cooling of energy efficient buildings where they have advantages in low-temperature systems, as it is well documented in the paper. The comparison of real thermodynamic processes with thermodynamically most favorable Camot＇s process is made. The results in the paper show that COP is diminishing with increasing of condensing temperature and also depends on real properties of working fluids. The impact of compressor efficiency for two real working media is also analyzed in the paper. There is significant diminishing of COP with diminishing of compressor efficiency. The intension of the paper is to help better understanding of this very effective and prosperous technology, and to encourage its development, production, and efficient application.
文摘In this paper, the simulation approach and exergy analysis of multi-stage compression high tempera- ture heat pump （HTHP） systems with R1234ze（Z） working fluid are conducted. Both the single-stage and multi-stage compression cycles are analyzed to compare the system performance with 120℃ pressurized hot water supply based upon waste heat recovery. The exergy destruction ratios of each component for different stage compression systems are compared. The results show that the exergy loss ratios of the compressor are bigger than that of the evaporator and the condenser for the single-stage compres- sion system. The multi-stage compression system has better energy and exergy etticiencies with the increase of compression stage number. Compared with the single- stage compression system, the coefficient of performance （COP） improvements of the two-stage and three-stage compression system are 9.1% and 14.6%, respectively. When the waste heat source temperature is 60℃, the exergy efficiencies increase about 6.9% and 11.8% for the two-stage and three-stage compression system respec- tively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 50976079)
文摘A novel combined power and heat generation system was investigated in this study. This system consists of a low-temperature geothermally-powered organic Rankine cycle (ORC) subsystem, an intermediate heat exchanger and a commercial R134a-based heat pump subsystem. The advantages of the novel combined power and heat generation system are free of using additional cooling water circling system for the power generation subsystem as well as maximizing the use of thermal energy in the low-temperature geothermal source. The main purpose is to identify suitable working fluids (wet, isentropic and dry flu-ids) which may yield high PPR (the ratio of power produced by the power generation subsystem to power consumed by the heat pump subsystem) value and QQR (the ratio of heat supplied to the user to heat produced by the geothermal source) value. Parameters under investigation were evaporating temperature, PPR value and QQR value. Results indicate that there exits an optimum evaporating temperature to maximize the PPR value and minimize the QQR value at the same time for individual fluid. And dry fluids show higher PPR values but lower QQR values. NH3 and R152a outstand among wet fluids. R134a out-stands among isentropic fluids. R236ea, R245ca, R245fa, R600 and R600a outstand among dry fluids. R236ea shows the highest PPR value among the recommended fluids.
基金Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grand No. NCET-04-0078)
文摘In China, directly dropping high temperature refrigerant into conventional compressor is considered as a dominant technical route for development of moderately high temperature heat pump. Based on this route, selection criteria for high temperature refrigerant were presented with consideration of several influencing factors. Moreover, a set of research methods were built including theoretical calculations and experimental tests. Four high temperature refrigerants from HTR01 to HTR04 were compared and analyzed. In results, firstly, HTR03 and HTR04 belonging to non-ozone depleting refrigerants could bring outstanding environmental benefits; secondly, the condenser outlet water efficiently generated by heat pump using high temperature refrigerants could cover 60°C–90°C;; finally, the feasibility of the technical route and the research methods were proved.
文摘以寻求适宜工作在冷凝温度范围为80～110℃的高温热泵环保工质为目的,对臭氧层破坏势(Ozone deplete potential,ODP)为零的非共沸混合工质M进行循环性能理论和试验研究。理论循环性能分析结果表明,M的单位容积制热量qv和循环性能系数(Coefficient of performance,COP)均优于传统工质CFC114;试验结果表明,M系统的制热量Q和循环性能系数Cop随工况温度的升高而提高。试验中,M的最高平均冷凝温度达到104.5℃,相应热输出温度达到103.0℃,冷凝压力和排气温度分别为1.951MPa和120.8℃,均在安全应用的限制范围内。
