ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CYCLES IN MODERN CHINA

If the theory of cyclical fluctuation can be applied to modern China, the economic development ofChina in this period can be seen as consisting of several stages. At each stage as well as in the wholeperiod, chosen index system is likely to help measure the growth rate. By vertical and horizontal com-parison, this paper will try to settle the disputes on China’s modern economic development.

Imitative Writing and Variation of“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”in Modern China

In 1922,“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”was translated and introduced by Zhao Yuanren to China.In the 1930s and 1940s,a series of Chinese-style“Alice”stories appeared.Writers borrowed from the plot structure and character images of“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”,making it a work rich in Chinese national language and culture.This article uses the documentary method and comparative research to study the Chinese-style“Alice”stories,and believes that these stories consciously convey new literary concepts,shape children in the new era,and become a part of modern Chinese children’s literature.

Master Artist Zhang Ding——The Pinnacle in the Ilistory of Modern China's Art

He designed the national emblem of thePeople’s depublic of China, was a primary painterof the mural in the Beijing Capital Airport, ananimator of "Ne Zha Makes Havoc of the Sea", arenowned cartoonist, one of the founders of

Returning Women's Rights to Human Rights——Reflection of feminism in modern China

The women＇s liberation movement in China started after the first opium war and it took shape with the aim of protecting the race and salvaging the country. Doubtlessly, the emergence of modern feminism opened the precedent in the theory of women＇s liberation in China and exerted a profound and far-reaching influence on women＇s liberation afterwards. But we must face up to the fact that there was some traps or misunderstanding of modern feminism, which were unfavorable for realizing women＇s rights and such influence was long, so much so that till today we are still seeing its existence. It is, therefore, necessary to have a full reflection of modem feminism, unveil the original meaning of women＇s rights and make women＇s rights return to human rights in order to make the development of women＇s fights continue.

A Research of the Finding and Distribution Law of Taisui in Modern China

The academic world is still uncertain about the classification of Taisui. It is debating whether Taisui is living or not, myxomycete complex or fungi. The passage studies the 228 finding reports of Taisui in modern China. It confirms that the first finding time of Taisui in modern China is 1963, and the first reported time is 1992. Taisui has been found in 25 administrative divisions. Taisui occurs the most times in Shandong Province. Besides, provinces where Taisui has been found most times are in northern China. Finding locations of Taisui vary from place to place. Taisui is most often found in normal earth layer, with different burying depth. Taisui is mainly found through seeing, tramping, and digging. Taisui findings lack subjective motivations and are connected with the life and production of the finders. Conclusion: Taisui is an object growing in earth layer.

Rising incidence of pulmonary embolism in modern China

To the Editor： Pulmonary embolism （PE） used to be thought to be rare in China.1 Traditional teaching by such authorities as Snapper, who was highly regarded in old China as one of the most astute diagnosticians, was that PE was uncommon in China.2 As a matter of fact, he did not even mention it in his book ＂Chinese lessons to western medicine＂,3 published in 1941. The rarity of pulmonary embolism was even more remarkable when one considered the widespread use of birth control pills among the Chinese women of child-bearing age.1

The technical development of architectural drawing in modern China

Western architectura（ drawing techniques were introduced to China in the 1870s, when their importance was increasing（y recognized by the Chinese. The deve（opment of architectural drawing in the nation led to the dissemination of knowledge on engineering drawing and enhanced the integration of different theories of drawing from both China and the West. Based on the trans（ation of two western c（assica（ texts-Shi ）Cue （The See） and Qi Xiang Xian Zhen （The Engineer and Machinist＇s Drawing Book）-this study examines the technica（ development of architectural drawing in modern China.

Reflections on Modern China and the Progressive Power of Educational Studies

The turn towards using domestic experience in contemporary Chinese educational studies has led to the development of theoretical frames rooted in the reality of Chinese society.This article identifies four ways of understanding and reforming Chinese society that have been developed by 20th century Chinese educators.By reflecting on these four approaches,and on the modern value oriented reactions to social transformation expressed by contemporary Western educational scholars,this article argues that Chinese educational scholars face two essential tasks when developing theories based on domestic experience so as to make positive contributions to China's unfinished project of modernity.The first is to study the phenomena of imbalance,alienation,and backwardness caused by all kinds of economic and cultural movements and forces in the huge space of Chinese society,and the second is to develop progressive educational ideas that are robust enough to counter these phenomena.

An Analysis of Love and Marriage in Modern China

The monthly magazine Chinese Women has hosted a discussion on "How would you spend your enriched days?" The discussion, which lasted seven months, focused on the situation of love and marriage in modern China. Dr. Zhou Guoping, a well-known philosopher, wrote a conclusion for the discussion.

Modernism in Europe and in China,taking Lukcs Brecht and Lu Xun as examples

Lukcs argues that modernist writers are preoccupied with formal experiment and fails to see their literary merits.Brecht criticizes Lukcs for not paying attention to class struggle and rejects the kind of formal unity admired by Lukcs.Lu Xun,like Brecht,insisted on the class nature of literature,emphasizing the fighting function of literature in a time when the nation was faced with Japanese invasion.

Diabetes:A Transcultural History of a Disease Concept in the Late Qing and Republican China

In the past few years,the medical knowledge transfer in a West-East direction has attracted increased scholarly attention from European and American historians,whereas studies on such“knowledge travels”conducted in the East Asian context focus mainly on political and socio-cultural concepts.To provide an alternative perspective on the travel of Western medicine to Chinese soil,a case study on“diabetes”is conducted,under the theoretical framework of“transcultural conceptual history.”This article systematically analyzes the standardization,popularization,politicization,and derivatization of“diabetes,”calling for further attention to transcultural histories of medical concepts in modern China.

Women's Dress In Modern China (3)

CHINA’s Revolution of 1911 was followed closely by a clothing revolution sparked from the politics of the period. Simply stated, the Revolution of 1911 brought an end to dress being the mark of social status. Closer scrutiny of the form and style of clothing reveals that striking changes took place between the 1920s-1930s.

Women's Dress in Modern China (2)

THE changes in collars, sleeves and lace of women’s clothing should be regarded as changes in form. But the early 20th century also saw changes in the ideology of and attitudes towards women’s fashions. The first striking change was that women began to adopt men’s fashions. Some women who struggled for emancipation chose to dress as men in order to change the image of women as delicate and frail. Around 1903, Qiu Jin, a famous woman fighter of the Chinese democratic revolution, lived in Beijing. A Japanese friend was deeply impressed

Women's Dress in Modern China(1)

IN China, modem times are considered "the period of tremendous change." In this period, the influence of the Manchu nationality and the influx of western culture led to changes in women’s fashions.

The Late Quaternary Coastal Geo-Environment Evolution and Modern Process of Bohai Bay,China

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction is fundamental to understand the modern environmental changes and to predict future environment, which is especially critical to understand the evolution of land and sea during geological periods. However, the basic geological research on China＇s muddy coastal zone is not enough to provide quantitative data to compare with global changes. Therefore, in 2011, China Geological Survey deployed the ＂Late Quaternary geo-environmental evolution and modern process of China＂ project, and focused on the muddy coastal zones of the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, the Yellow River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta （Fig. 1）. Next we will briefly introduce our latest results in the Bohai Bay.

Characteristics and accumulation model of the late Quaternary shallow biogenic gas in the modern Changjiang delta area, eastern China

The Changjiang（Yangtze）is one of the largest rivers in the world.It formed a huge incised valley at its mouth during the Last Glacial Maximum;the incised-valley fill,approximately 80–110 m thick,supplies an important foundation for the generation of shallow biogenic-gas reservoirs.Two cores and 13 cone penetration tests were used to elaborate the characteristics,formation mechanism,and distribution of the shallow biogenic-gas reservoirs in the study area.The natural gas is mainly composed of CH4（generally[95%）with a δ^13CCH4 and δ^13CCO2 of-75.8 to-67.7% and -34.5 to-6.6%,respectively,and a δDCH4 of-215 to-185%,indicating a biogenic origin by the carbon dioxide reduction pathway.Commercial biogenic gas occurs primarily in the sand bodies of fluvial-channel,floodplain,and paleo-estuary facies with a burial depth of 50–80 m.Gas sources as well as cap beds are gray to yellowish-gray mud of floodplain,paleoestuary,and offshore shallow marine facies.The organic matter in gas sources is dominated by immature type Ⅲ kerogen（gas prone）.The difference in permeability（about4–6 orders of magnitude）between cap beds and reservoirs makes the cap beds effectively prevent the upward escape of gas in the reservoirs.This formation mechanism is consistent with that for the shallow biogenic gas in the late Quaternary Qiantang River incised valley to the south.Therefore,this study should provide further insight into understanding the formation and distribution of shallow biogenic gas in other similar postglacial incised-valley systems.

Problems and Countermeasures for the Development of Modern Agriculture in Henan Province,China

Current status of agricultural development in Henan Province of China is analyzed,showing that the agricultural production condition is increasingly improved;food production reaches to a new level;characteristic agriculture and green agricultural production begin to take shape;the level of agricultural mechanization is significantly improved;and the agricultural standardization and opening degree are enhanced.Problems in the development of modern agriculture in Henan Province are pointed out,such as the prominent pressure on the increase in grain production,the great risks in food safety,the tough employment situation,and the weak ecological environment.Countermeasures for developing the modern agriculture in Henan Province are put forward,including stabilizing cultivation area,optimizing structure,relying on science and technology,doing everything possible to ensure the increase in grain production,strengthening the supervision on food safety,actively exploring the employment space of modern agriculture,and protecting ecological environment by modern agriculture.