Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Land Uses in Modern Urbanization of China

Taking social statistic data as basic data,this paper extended the meaning of urban land uses,highlighted the meaning of urban land uses in modern urbanization,which includes direct,indirect and induced land uses,quantitatively simulated the indirect and induced land uses by the substitution method of agricultural consumption and urban carbon emission and then,analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of urban land uses in China during 1952–2005 by spatial analysis tool of Geographic Information System. The results indicate that the area of urban land use in China had been increasing since 1952,showing an inversed pyramid structure,i.e.,the direct<the indirect<the induced. Specifically,Chinese urban land use has changed from concentrated distribution in Northwest China to balanced spatial distribution,and the eastern coastal area is under great pressure. Moreover,the northeastern region has moved into the induced dominant stage,while the western region remains at the indirect dominant stage. Finally,it is proposed that in order to guarantee the future demand of urban land use in China,ensuring the induced land use in the eastern region should be taken as a priority goal of Chinese developing policy.

Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Beijing Modern Urban Agriculture

We analyze development situations of Beijing modern urban agriculture from agricultural distribution,agricultural foundation and agricultural industrial system.Our research on challenges and opportunities of Beijing modern urban agriculture indicates that challenges include short of resources,deterioration of environment,and high production cost,and opportunities include large market space,advanced agricultural industrial experience and many other development opportunities.On the basis of these,we put forward development thought of Beijing modern urban agriculture in " the Twelfth Five Plan" period.We must improve foundation,integration and demonstration of agriculture;orient towards market and satisfy medium and high end market demands;actively cultivate and strengthen agricultural industrial level;create unique product brand;and raise added value of agricultural products.

Expression of Indigenous Landscapes in the Design of Modern Urban Squares

Modern urban square landscapes have been evolved to be with more regional and cultural features, yet the phenomenon of duplication is serious in urban square landscapes in China. In this study, the connotation of indigenous landscape is analyzed from the perspectives of local culture, integration of Chinese and western cultures, folk cultures and modern marketing, the causes of duplicated urban square landscapes are thoroughly elaborated. In view of the deficiencies of modern urban square landscapes, it is proposed that local plants, local ornamental materials and patterns should be fully applied in square designs, and the expression of detail landscapes should be attached sufficient importance, to completely demonstrate regional features of landscapes and better apply indigenous landscapes into the design of modern urban squares.

Enlightenment on the Construction of Modern Urban Plazas from Classical Chinese Gardens

Researches on modern urban plazas in China were reviewed,phenomena caused by the shortage of proper theoretical guidance such as blind imitation and fixed forms of urban plazas were pointed out,and it was emphasized that researches on urban plazas with Chinese characteristics should be enhanced.By analyzing features of traditional western plazas and classical Chinese gardens,this study proposed that by combining with their practical functions the construction of modern urban plazas in China should maintain traditional concepts and aesthetic characteristics of Chinese people on the basis of satisfying demands of the public to the best.The enlightenment on the construction of modern urban plazas from classical Chinese gardens was particularly analyzed,the application of garden aesthetics,components,and landscaping methods of classical Chinese gardens were highlighted,and moreover,it was put forward that the relationship between human and human,human and society,human and nature implied in classical Chinese gardens would surely bring profound inspiration to urban plazas.

A study on the evolution of land use for modern urbanization in China:1952-2005

Modern cities and towns play as the central places of wealth accumulation for human-being, not only in the ways of settlement and material consumption as they were traditionally in ancient time, but also in the ways of social production and environmental pollution as they are mostly today. With such a transition, the meaning of land use for urbanization has broadened. According to the rule of human ecosystem, land use for modern urbanization can be divided into three types: namely, the direct, the indirect and the induced. However, its structure follows its own way of the direct < the indirect < the induced, rather different from what it normally happens in the natural ecosystem. This paper takes China as an example, calculates the evolution of the land used by cities and towns during 1952-2005 according to statistics, and then analyzes the evolvement of the structure. At last, it puts forward several countermeasures to ensure land resource requirement for urbanization in future.

Urban Cultural Excavation and Reconstruction in the Perspective of Cultural Interaction:An Example of Modern Counter-Industrial Development on the Suzhou Riverbank

Urban culture,as the core force of urban development,has been explored more deeply in the process of modern urban transformation and construction.However,cities have their own unique memories,and cultural continuity and heritage require further innovation.The Suzhou River was the center of Shanghai’s initial development and carries an important cultural heritage.In 1996,Shanghai launched the comprehensive environmental improvement of the Suzhou River,which has achieved the reverse industrialization of the Suzhou River through the fine management of the city,and has made a good achievement of urban management and a new culture of the Suzhou River.This paper takes,Shanghai,a maritime city,as the background,takes the management of Suzhou River as the entry point to explore the new path of building urban culture in the new era,and studies the cultural significance contained in the fine management of modern cities.

COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE OF THE URBAN PLANNING HISTORY OF QINGDAO: A MODERN PLANNING LAB OF CHINA

The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of Chinese invaded cities in the urban planning history through a comparative view of the modern urban planning theories and methodologies of Qingdao (Tsingtau) and those of the developed world from the late 19th century to mid 20th century. After reviewing the German Plan in 1898～1906 and the Japanese Plan in 1941, the paper concludes that the basis grounds of the urban planning practices in Qingdao between 1897～1945 were of the realistic physical planning, rather than of the commonly assumed utopian garden city. Therefore, Qingdao, once being a modern planning lab objectively, helped forward the theories and methodologies of the world′s modern urban planning between the late 19th century and mid 20th century.

Normative Analysis and Strategy Research on Harmonized Development of Modern Industrialization, Urbanization, Agricultural Modernization and IT Application

Targeting modernization, we should keep to the Chinese-style path of car- rying out industrialization in a new way and advancing IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. In the research, the scientific concepts of IT applica- tion, urbanization, agricultural modernization and industrialization were illustrated and the interrelations were analyzed, with measures on harmonized development pro- posed based on existing problems.

ROLE OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN MODERN URBAN COMMUNITIES OF BRUSSELS

Medicinal and aromatic plants(MAPs)have been used by humans for centuries.A big part of the knowledge and interest in MAPs was lost during periods of intensive industrialisation and urbanisation.According to the estimations of the United Nations,the world urban population is expected to increase by 84%by 2050.

A Study of Agricultural Technology Extension and Synchronous Development of Agricultural Modernization,Urbanization and Industrialization in China

Through the study of relationship between agricultural technology extension and the development of agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization,it is found that agricultural technology extension is an important means to achieve synchronous development of agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization. Based on the sample data in China during 1978-2011,we perform the empirical analysis using VAR model and cointegration analysis and impulse response methods. The results show that there is a long-term positive equilibrium relationship between agricultural technology extension and the development of agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization,and agricultural technology extension plays a role in promoting agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization to varying degrees. Finally,it is concluded that there is a need to establish efficient agricultural technology extension mechanism and diversified agricultural technology extension investment mechanism to make agricultural technology extension better promote China's agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization.

Study on History of Modern Urban Planning of Guangzhou

As the earliest city opening its port in China,the modern urbanization of Guangzhou is a self-determination course under the influence of foreign urban planning theory.This paper introduces briefly the course and content of Guangzhou modern urban planning and analyzes the characters and influences.

Study on Balanced Development of Industrialization,Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization in Henan Province

This article expounds the connotation of balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization",and points out the problems thwarting balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization" in Henan Province as follows:the level of industrialization is not high;the general level of urbanization is low;the agricultural foundation is weak and there are many institutional barriers.The goal of balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization" in Henan Province is to take a road of industrialization and urbanization,not at the expense of agriculture and food.Based on this,the measures are put forward for balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization " in Henan Province as follows:keep to the new road of industrialization with characteristics of Henan Province,promote the development of industry and accelerate the transformation of pattern;keep to the road of new urbanization with characteristics of Henan Province,and promote the rapid change in urban development pattern;adhere to the road of agricultural modernization with characteristics of Henan Province,and promote the rapid change in pattern of agricultural development.

Research on Chinese Urban Modernity Issues From the Perspective of Technology Rational Critique

With the development of urbanization,metropolises and megapolises are emerging.Urbanization is being completed with the driving force of capital;meanwhile,technology has achieved the quest of capital.In this thesis,in light of Henri Lefebvre’s ideology of technology rational critique,Chinese urban modernity issues under the perspective of technology rational critique were analyzed,including issues like eroded urban texture,urban mechanization,and urban segregation.The technology rational root of Chinese urban modernity issues was discussed from the turn of technical artifacts from design intention to application intention.In the end,possible methods to solve these Chinese urban modernity issues were illustrated based on Henri Lefebvre’s urban development theory.

The Ecological Service Function Development of Urban Modern Agriculture in Tianjin City and Corresponding Countermeasures

Based on the current situation of ecological environment of agriculture in Tianjin City,we divide the ecological service function of urban modern agriculture in Tianjin City into seven types: air regulation,climate regulation,water conservation,soil formation and protection, waste disposal,biodiversity conservation,and ecological entertainment. According to the method for assessing the value of natural ecosystem, coupled with the ecological service value equivalency factor table of China's ecosystem formulated by domestic scholars,we estimate the ecological value in Tianjin City. The results show that the actual ecological value of agriculture in Tianjin City was 30. 752 billion yuan in 2010,close to the agricultural economic value ( 31. 733 billion yuan) in 2010. Finally we put forth the following countermeasures for the ecological function development of urban modern agriculture in Tianjin City: strictly protecting arable land,and raising the standards of compensation for agricultural land requisition; actively and prudently developing facility agriculture,and preventing the blind scale expansion of facility agriculture to better give play to its ecological function; strengthening the construction of ecological agriculture,and promoting the market conversion of the ecological service value of agriculture; improving the environment,to form relatively complete agro-ecological system.

The Collaborative Relationship among Industrialization,Urbanization,Informatization and Agricultural Modernization and the Path of Synchronous Development in China: An Analysis Based on the Data during 1978-2011

The synchronous development of industrialization,urbanization,agricultural modernization and informatization is the basic trend and future requirements of China's economic and social development. By using the relevant data of 1978- 2011,and establishing the VAR model,we find that in the short term,industrialization is the Granger cause of urbanization; urbanization is the Granger cause of industrialization,informatization,and agricultural modernization; agricultural modernization is the Granger cause of industrialization,informatization and urbanization; informatization is the Granger reason of industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization. In the long run,there are long-term and stable relations among them,and at the same time,their changes affect the structure of each other,and there are pulling effect among them.

Modernized Development of Urban Farming Industry: A Case Study of Kunming City

Modern urban farm is an essential part of urban agriculture and is inevitable trend of social economic development of modern cities.Based on empirical study of Kunming City,this paper analyzed current situations and difficulties of urban farming industry,explored development idea of urban farming industry,and came up with recommendations from institutional innovation,overall planning,property right reform,infrastructure construction,and talent team cultivation.

中国式现代化背景下县域城镇化的困境、实现逻辑与路径选择

城镇化是现代化的必由之路。深入剖析县域城镇化与中国式现代化的内在逻辑,探究中国式现代化背景下县域城镇化的困境、实现逻辑和路径选择是探索城镇化道路、推进中国式现代化建设的工作重点。研究显示:第一,县域城镇化在中国式现代化历程中演进,其演进过程与我国经济发展战略密切相关。第二,新时期推进县域城镇化发展需要认清理论误区、破除现实困境。认清理论误区在于既要更新县域城镇化概念,辨析城市化、农村城市化、城镇化和县域城镇化的区别与联系,也要坚持县域工业化发展,避免县域工业化与发展特色经济混淆。破除现实困境在于,一是破除县域城镇化区域发展不平衡困境,收敛区域差异;二是破除中西部县域产业承接能力不强,产业结构趋同困境;三是破除县域人口结构失衡、教育养老资源供需失衡困境。第三,中国式现代化特征决定了县域城镇化的实现逻辑,体现在人口规模巨大化意味着县域城镇化面临人口优势和结构失衡,全体人民共同富裕要求县域城镇化以人为核心,物质文明和精神文明相协调要求县域城镇化重视物质和精神建设,人与自然和谐共生要求县域城镇化坚持绿色发展。第四,县域城镇化的实现路径包括制度保障、新型工业化发展、人口和服务供需均衡、文化传承和绿色发展五个方面。

中国式现代化背景下的中国乡镇实践与发展路径探析

党的二十大报告指出,我国已经成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化。乡镇作为中国城镇体系中最基本的地域综合体,其发展逐渐以满足人民生活为立足点,在中国现代化进程中展开了深刻的实践。中国式现代化的发展目标给全面推进中国乡镇发展提出了新要求和新挑战,全力推进乡镇的中国式现代化发展,必须认清中国乡镇在新时代发展中的地位,深入分析中国乡镇在整个现代化进程中的发展特征和现实基础,以探寻乡镇实现现代化发展的新路径。基于此,文章提出乡镇现代化是推进中国式现代化的基础组成,乡镇是建设新型城镇化的重要载体,是促进城乡融合的重要支撑,是实现乡村振兴的战略引擎。进一步,文章从乡镇的历史发展和现实条件出发,论述了乡镇在经济活动发展区、人口流动集聚区、历史文化传承区和宜居生活典范区建设上具有坚实的基础。在经济发展上,近代以来乡镇经济活动功能已初具雏形,乡镇企业的兴起促进了乡镇工业的发展,继而推动乡镇承担更多的经济活动;在人口流动上,城—镇—乡之间的人口流动更加频繁,随着乡村振兴和镇的发展,乡镇对流动人口的吸引力不断增强,乡镇的人口集聚作用更加突出;在历史文化上,名镇、名村承载着不同历史时期的文化价值,从中国历史文化名镇到中国特色景观旅游名镇,体现出乡镇对历史文化的传承和特色景观的营造;在宜居生活上,建设美丽宜居乡镇是建设美丽中国的重要组成部分,乡镇在产业体系培育、基础设施建设、公共服务配套、生态环境治理上都取得了一定的成效。针对中国乡镇发展的现实基础,文章提出推动中国乡镇现代化发展的路径和举措。在坚持城镇化和农业农村现代化的基础上,要从“四高理念”出发做实中国乡镇现代化发展的基础,以扩大对外开放,实现高水平开放;以促进经济要素活力,助力高质量发展;以提升公共服务质量,打造高品质生活;以创新社会治理模式,探索高效能治理,以期为全面提升中国乡镇现代化发展质量、制定精准的乡镇发展政策提供决策参考。

城乡融合发展的内在逻辑与路径选择:基于农民发展的思考

在城乡关系的不断演进中,我国的城乡融合发展形成了独特的内在逻辑与融合路径。“以农民发展为核心,以国家战略规划为引领,以制度优化创新为抓手,政府作用与市场力量协同推进”是新时代城乡融合发展的核心逻辑,其与农民中心逻辑、市场逻辑等具体逻辑,以及农民发展与市民发展协同、农民积极性创造性与农民收益协同、制度优化创新与战略规划协同、政府作用与市场力量协同等协同逻辑,共同构成一个系统化的逻辑体系。城乡融合发展具有全面性和长期性,必须坚持党中央集中统一领导。应深刻认识城乡关系的主要矛盾,全力推进以农民发展为核心的城乡融合发展;科学利用制度优化创新规律,全面推进战略规划引领的城乡融合发展;正确把握政府与市场的辩证关系,促使政府作用与市场力量协同推进城乡融合发展。