A Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings in the Vision of Modernization of Global Governance: China's Expression and Practice

The human rights cause in the world still faces structural challenges and crises, the factor of which including scarcity of living material resources, global environmental crisis and global terrorism. However, the existing global governance model and governance pattern have made it difficult to deal effectively with the above structural challenges and crises facing the development of human rights in the world. Therefore, it’s necessary to advance and modernize global governance. In order to realize these ends, the Chinese government presents the ideal of a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings as the modernization of global governance and the Belt and Road Initiative as the proper project for this process of modernization. It calls on all countries to work hand in hand and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind so as to realize the modernization of global governance and hence the comprehensive development of human beings.

Thoughts on the Modernization of Governance Systems of Ecological Environment under the Background of New Era

During recent years,the Party Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to the protection and governance of the ecological environment,put the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position,and launched a series of strategic policies with strong foresight and guidance.Among them,the modernization of the governance system of ecological environment is regarded as the top priority of strengthening the ecological environment governance and the construction of ecological civilization.Based on the in-depth analysis of the connotation and background of the modernization of the ecological environment governance system,this paper analyzes the main problems and challenges faced by the current national ecological environment governance system,and puts forward the paths and measures to accelerate the modernization of the national ecological environment governance system,so as to provide a theoretical reference for the construction of national ecological civilization.

a Prerequisite for State Governance Modernization Standardization

The modernization of state governance is not only the important dimension and content but also the prerequisite for China’s socialist modernization undertaking.In 2013,the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th CPC national Congress decided the general objective of deepening reforms in an all-around way:"the improvement and development of socialist system with Chinese characteristics and the modernization of state governance system and capacity".The strategic blueprint

On the Relationship Between Human Rights Protection and the Modernization of State Governance

The protection of human rights inherently related to modern state-governance. On the one hand, human rights protection is the foundation and criteria for modern state-governance, characterized by democracy, rule of law and civility, with human rights as a cross-cutting theme in all these elements. On the other hand, human rights protection provides conditions and motives for modernizing state governance. Human rights are pursued as a fundamental value in modern state-governance. Human rights protection is also a driving force for good governance and a touchstone for the modernity of governance.

Human Rights Protection in the Modernization of China's State Governance

In China, the development of human rights is an inherent part of good governance, as reflected in the following: Firstly, people are able to participate in social and public administration through exercising their 'democratic rights' under the constitution. Secondly, citizens' fundamental human rights and other civil rights are protected by law. Thirdly, people's rights to know and to express are expanding. Fourthly, the Chinese government is responsive to people's demands, ready to accept their supervision, and is doing its best to improve their living standard. To modernize governance, China must adhere to human rights principles by guaranteeing people's rights to participation, to information and to supervision, and by protecting the fundamental rights of the disadvantaged.

The Modernization of State Governance Will Promote Protection of Civil and Political Rights

The modernization of state governance and innovation in governing measures will strengthen the protection of human rights in China, including civil and political rights. Firstly, legal control over public power will reduce arbitrary restrictions on civil rights. Secondly, public participation in policy-making will provide more opportunities for citizens to exercise their political rights. Thirdly, governing by law will better guarantee equal protection of law for all people. Fourthly, an effective accountability mechanism will reinforce people's right of supervision. Lastly, innovation in governing measures will help identify and satisfy citizens' demands.

Standardization Lays Footstone for Modernized Governance

Given the realistic situation of China as a developing country,the ultimate goal of our national construction is to develop itself into a modernized strong nation that enjoys prosperity,democracy,civilization and social harmony.In other words,MODERNIZATION is the long-term objective for the Chinese people.

Preservation of Human Rights as the Basis and Objective of a Modern State Governance System

A good state governance system, which features democracy, scientific decision-making, efficiency, civility and rule of law, is indispensable for realizing the Chinese Dream. As both the foundation and the objective of a good governance system, human rights protection should be integrated in all the processes of building a modern governance system. Adherence to public law in administration should be guaranteed in this connection.

Development of Chinese Cultural Governance since the Reform and Opening-up

Contemporary Chinese cultural governance is an important part of the national governance system and the modernization of national governance capacity. It must combine international experience and local method together and run through the whole process of cultural system reform. The good governance of culture is the goal pursued by Chinese cultural governance, which displays the management process of maximizing cultural public interest. In the new era, cultural governance reform has experienced governance subject centralized to pluralism, governance space from inside to outside, governance method from ruling by man to the rule of law, governance path from control-oriented government to service-oriented government. To further improve Chinese cultural governance in the new era, relationships between top-level design and grass-root innovation, cultural democracy and cultural concentration, national cultural interests, social cultural interests and cultural interests of the citizens, domestic cultural governance and global culture must be dialectically dealt with. In the government-market-social governance structure, mutual assistance of multiple missions and win-win of multiple subjects can be achieved, thus promoting harmony of multiple interests.

Research on the Realization Path of Consultative Governance of River Basin Water Environment in China

As a new way of governance,deliberative democracy has an inherent compatibility with river basin water environment governance.Consultative governance of river basin water environment is an important way to build an ecological civilization in the river basin.It involves three different levels of government-level democratic coordination,government-enterprise-society consultation and cooperation,and independent consultation between citizens and their governance mechanisms.To realize the consultative governance of river basin water environment,the concept and system construction of consultative governance should be incorporated into the system and mechanism construction of river basin water environment administration.

Standardization and State Governance

In recent years,standards have continued expanding from production,trade,services to public management fields,while extending from economic development to the levels of societal,cultural,ecological and state governance.Being an instrument to the modernization of management,standardization has become a cornerstone for the modern state governance system and it plays a fundamental,strategic and guiding role in the process of advancing the state governance

Strategic Role of Standardization in State Governance

The modernization of state governance system and capabilities has been raised as a key issue to address in China,especially after the18th CPC National Congress.Yet,given the three-layer state governance structure,namely leadership of the Party,governmental management and social management,it is fair to identify the urgency of strengthening the governance at social management level while the other two layers are

The Enlightenment and Reference of American Medical Insurance Operation Mechanism to the Modernization of Medical Insurance in China

The United States is unique in terms of health insurance, supplemented by commercial health insurance, supplemented by government medical care and medical assistance, and the United States has been criticized for being the only developed country that has failed to achieve universal health insurance. Although the United States in the health insurance operation also encountered a variety of problems, but its health insurance operation mechanism in the commercial insurance model and legislation first, democratic participation and other experience, it is worth in China＇s medical insurance management in the modernization of learning to learn from.

Towards Happiness: Value Orientation and Approaches with Respect to China’s National Governance

The modernization of national governance has become the fifth modernization that modem China urgently needs to push forward and bring into reality.The building of a modern Chinese model of national governance must pursue,as its ultimate goals,the realization of the happiness of the people.The modernization of China’s national governance has chosen to rely on realizing good governance based on good laws,whereas development is the intrinsic force driving such modernization.Participating in global human rights governance and building a community with a shared future for human beings are connotation requirements of the modernization of China’s national governance.

中国式国家治理现代化研究:一组概念框架

中国式国家治理现代化为全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴提供制度基础与治理支撑。中国式国家治理现代化的一组概念框架包括:国家治理现代化五边形,即治理价值观、治理观念、治理体系、治理能力、治理绩效;国家治理的两套秩序,即自觉治理秩序和自发治理秩序;中国式国家治理现代化的四大部分,即有道政党、有为政府、有效市场、有机社会;中国式国家治理现代化的六大体系,即党的全面领导体系、国家权力分工体系、政府治理体系、武装力量体系、地方治理体系、社会治理体系;中国式国家治理的五大系统,即决策系统、执行系统、支撑系统、监督与制衡系统、风险控制系统;中国式国家治理现代化的三个场域,即宏观域治理现代化、中观域治理现代化、微观域治理现代化。中国式国家治理现代化理念与实践在世界各国中是极其独特的,由此推动了中国式现代化的发展进程。

现代化视域下中国社会工作自主知识范式的建构

随着中国式现代化道路的推进和基层治理现代化步伐的加快,作为基层治理创新重要力量的中国社会工作亟须从现代化视角审视其专业定位和知识范式。通过比较现代化视角下中西方社会工作发展历程可以发现,两者都依赖现代化进程的推动以及人们对良性社会和生活秩序的渴望,都经历了从环境适应到社会关系改善再到生活关系调整三个阶段的专业探索。不同的是,中国社会工作是站在生活秩序重建的现代化发展新阶段建构实践知识范式的,它依据多元哲学视角,在日益疏离的社会关系中实现人与环境内外互促的个人自主成长。这是一种关注个人自主能力提升的社会工作治理范式,而不同于在注重环境适应的现代化初期由西方专业社会工作创建的注重事务问题解决的帮扶范式。这种治理范式不仅能够找回在过度标准化的现代化进程中丢失的个人自主理性,而且能够展现中国作为后发国家对多元现代化的诉求,以及社会工作在基层治理中促进人的现代化的独特作用。

中国式现代化进程中情境治理的法治范式研究

现代化进程中的结构性变化催生了日益复杂的治理形势与日趋多元的治理需求,对社会治理的理念、方式和效果提出了新的更高要求。基于具体情境的治理是中国式现代化进程中加强和创新社会治理的有效途径。情境治理秉持着对治理有效性与长效性的追求,存在着价值与技术的逻辑界分,既契合人民日益增长的美好生活需要,亦能够促进社会治理体系的系统完善。通过现代化进程中情境治理的典型模式比较与领域样态考察,解析情境治理的基本类型和方式,探查情境治理在不同模式和领域的共通性经验。情境治理的实践范式存在着政策性、即时性和“个案式”导向,需要发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的保障作用予以调整和匡正。以“党建引领基层治理法治化”优化情境治理的要素结构,以“回应型法治”整合多元主体,以“发展型法治”充实规范体系,从结构、主体、规则等维度系统性地将基于具体情境的治理范式升华为更具普适性、规范性的法治范式,推动制度优势更好转化为治理效能。

美丽中国建设的制度体系研究

制度体系是美丽中国建设的根本保障。改革开放四十多年以来,我国基本建立了一套行之有效的生态文明制度体系,但与全面推进美丽中国建设的要求相比还存在较大差距。论文分析了美丽中国建设的制度基础和面临的关键挑战,明确了促进美丽中国建设的制度体系思路,提出了健全生态环境空间管控、责任体系、市场体系等十大重点任务,为全面推进美丽中国建设提供坚实支撑。

基层治理转型背景下农民软性不合作困境生成逻辑及其应对

伴随乡村治理转型,乡村社会产生了以农民软性不合作行为为表征的资源下乡内卷化现象。不同于税费改革前国家与农民之间的张力关系,也不同于税费改革初期出现的少数边缘群体的利益博弈问题,当前阶段的软性不合作行为具有主体扩大化、资源伴生性、非正义的合法化等特征,其是在整个乡村社会逐渐被国家体制所吸纳的背景下产生的。乡村社会被整合进国家的整体发展目标,并配以大量的治理资源和规范化的体制建设。由此,国家与农民之间的互动关系更加直接,但也因此产生了国家治理挤压基层治理的意外后果。一方面,国家的直接介入意外带来了农民的动员缺位问题,在需求、责任和价值层面对农民形成主体替代效应,农民的获得感更低而利益依赖心理更强;另一方面,直接的规则之治带来了村庄社会的去政治化后果,使得国家和社会对边缘群体进行治理的例外化机制缺失,边缘群体的不合作行为对大部分农民形成负面示范效应。最终,村庄社会被搅动起来,产生了国家资源输入越多,农民的软性不合作行为越凸显的悖论性困境。重新厘清治理现代化的完整内涵,明晰国家治理和基层治理的逻辑异同,并回归基层治理的规范性与有效性相平衡的本意,是纾解新时期治理内卷问题的可行之道。

机构改革:从战略到行动

机构改革是一项牵扯面广、复杂性强、敏感性高、影响力远的活动,其本质是制度创新,意味着机构要在结构、职责、领导、人事、文化等方面实现深度整合。在组织理论不同视角的审视下,机构改革具有不同的实施策略与行动逻辑。从组织理论的工具视角、制度视角和文化视角出发,机构改革主要包括机构改革方案的细化与协商、跨层级改革协同、组织结构整合、部门权力协调、行政制度创新、组织文化融合等六个关键议题。需要注意的是,机构改革是国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的关键议题之一,国家治理现代化也需要通过机构改革来推动和支撑。不过,机构改革并不完全等同于改革,国家治理现代化也不应用机构改革来替代政治和行政体制改革。