Symmetry and Exact Solutions of (2+1)-Dimensional Generalized Sasa-Satsuma Equation via a Modified Direct Method

In this paper, first, we employ classic Lie symmetry groups approach to obtain the Lie symmetry groupsof the well-known (2+1)-dimensional Generalized Sasa-Satsuma (GSS) equation. Second, based on a modified directmethod proposed by Lou [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 38 (2005) L129], more general symmetry groups are obtained andthe relationship between the new solution and known solution is set up. At the same time, the Lie symmetry groupsobtained are only special cases of the more general symmetry groups. At last, some exact solutions of GSS equationsare constructed by the relationship obtained in the paper between the new solution and known solution.

Symmetry Groups and New Exact Solutions to （2＋1）-Dimensional Variable Coefficient Canonical Generalized KP Equation

In this paper, the modified CK＇s direct method to find symmetry groups of nonlinear partial differential equation is extended to （2＋1）-dimensional variable coeffficient canonical generalized KP （VCCGKP） equation. As a result, symmetry groups, Lie point symmetry group and Lie symmetry for the VCCGKP equation are obtained. In fact, the Lie point symmetry group coincides with that obtained by the standard Lie group approach. Applying the given Lie symmetry, we obtain five types of similarity reductions and a lot of new exact solutions, including hyperbolic function solutions, triangular periodic solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and rational solutions, for the VCCGKP equation.

Application of the Improved Kudryashov Method to Solve the Fractional Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

Our purpose of this paper is to apply the improved Kudryashov method for solving various types of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations. As an application, the time-space fractional Korteweg-de Vries-Burger (KdV-Burger) equation is solved using this method and we get some new travelling wave solutions. To acquire our purpose a complex transformation has been also used to reduce nonlinear fractional partial differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations of integer order, in the sense of the Jumarie’s modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. Afterwards, the improved Kudryashov method is implemented and we get our required reliable solutions where the results are justified by mathematical software Maple-13.

Symmetry Groups and New Exact Solutions of(2+1)-Dimensional Dispersive Long-Wave Equations

Using the modified CK＇s direct method, we derive a symmetry group theorem of （2＋1）-dimensional dispersive long-wave equations. Based upon the theorem, Lie point symmetry groups and new exact solutions of （2＋1）- dimensional dispersive long-wave equations are obtained.

Examination of Minimum Time Step, from Modified Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Inflaton Physics and Black Hole Physics

First, we calculate the minimum length for the creation of a 1045 Hz relic Gravitational wave. Next, we look Padamababhan’s inflaton physics, and work done by the author for a modified Heisenberg Uncertainty principle for constraints on a minimum time step. Sciama’s work in “Black hole explosions” (1982) gives us a linkage between a decay rate for black holes, in terms of a life time, and the mass, M of the black hole, which when combined with a simple exposition from Susskind and Hrabovsky (2013) for the most basic evolution the time change in energy E(t), which is how we form a first order treatment of the square of a minimum time step . We then reference what was done by Ng (2008) as far as infinite quantum statistics, for entropy as a particle count, and from first principle get constraints upon entropy production, as a function of boundaries on minimum time step. We assume massive Gravity, and obtain a peak 1036 Giga Hertz frequency range (1045 Hertz) for relic Gravitational waves, and Gravitons.

G-Function Solutions for Schrodinger Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates System

In this paper, the Schr?dinger equation is solved by Modified separation of variables (MSV) method suggested by Pishkoo and Darus. Using this method, Meijer’s G-function solutions are derived in cylindrical coordinate system for quantum particle in cylindrical can. All elementary functions and most of the special functions which are the solution of extensive problems in physics and engineering are special cases of Meijer’s G-functions.

The higher-order modified Korteweg-de Vries equation:Its soliton,breather and approximate solutions

In this study,the fifth-order modified Korteweg-de Vries(F-MKdV)equation is first addressed using Hi-rota’s bilinear method.Thereafter,the exact and approximative solutions of the generalized form of the F-MKdV equation are investigated using the modified Kudryashov method,the Riccati equation and its Backlund transformation method,the solitary wave ansatz method,and the homotopy perturbation trans-form method(HPTM).As a result,solitons,breather,and solitary wave solutions are derived from these methods.In particular,we obtain some new solutions such as the dark soliton,bright soliton,singular soliton,periodic trigonometric,exponential,hyperbolic,and rational solutions.The constraint conditions associated with the resulting solutions are also discussed in detail.The HPTM is employed to construct approximate solutions to the aforementioned generalized model due to its strong nonlinear terms and only a few terms are required to obtain accurate solutions.These findings may help to understand com-plex nonlinear phenomena.

Modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation in (3+1) Dimensions:Multiple Front-Wave Solutions

A modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili （mKP） equation in （3＋1） dimensions is presented. We reveal multiple front-waves solutions for this higher-dimensional developed equation, and multiple singular front-wave solutions as well. The constraints on the coefficients of the spatial variables, that assure the existence of these multiple front-wave solutions are investigated. We also show that this equation falls the Painleve test, and we conclude that it is not integrable in the sense of possessing the Painleve property, although it gives multiple front-wave solutions.

利福霉素S的固液相平衡和溶解热力学

在288.15-323.15 K温度范围内,采用静态法测定了利福霉素S在5种纯有机溶剂(乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯)中的溶解度,结果显示:利福霉素S在5种溶剂中的溶解度均随温度的升高而增大。使用修正Apelblat方程对溶解度的实验值进行了关联,并采用X射线衍射仪测定利福霉素S的晶型。在范特霍夫方程的基础上,对溶解过程中相关的热力学参数进行了估算,所得的溶解焓和吉布斯自由能均为正值,从而说明该过程是吸热的,而当溶液饱和后继续溶解是需要吸收能量的;并且分析了溶解过程中不同溶剂条件下焓与熵的贡献率。为制得纯度更高的利福霉素S,整体优化利福平合成工艺提供了理论指导。

Adomian分解法在完全非线性S-G方程中的运用

为分析具有高非线性强度下的偏微分方程的初值问题,简化变量分离等方法带来的繁杂计算,研究了一类完全非线性Sine-Gordon方程以及它的近似方程(在|up|很小的情况下),经过适当的函数变换,运用改进的Ado-mian分解法解决了一些特殊情况下它们的初值问题,结合Talyor级数展开式,得到了一些精确解:扭结解(kink)、紧孤子解(compacton)、多重紧孤子解、compacton-kink解。另外运用线性化的方法结合不同形式的解得到它们一些更加丰富的新形式的精确解。

Construction of Wave-free Potentials and Multipoles in a Two-layer Fluid Having Free-surface Boundary Condition with Higher-order Derivatives

There is a large class of problems in the field of fluid structure interaction where higher-order boundary conditions arise for a second-order partial differential equation. Various methods are being used to tackle these kind of mixed boundary-value problems associated with the Laplace’s equation （or Helmholtz equation） arising in the study of waves propagating through solids or fluids. One of the widely used methods in wave structure interaction is the multipole expansion method. This expansion involves a general combination of a regular wave, a wave source, a wave dipole and a regular wave-free part. The wave-free part can be further expanded in terms of wave-free multipoles which are termed as wave-free potentials. These are singular solutions of Laplace’s equation or two-dimensional Helmholz equation. Construction of these wave-free potentials and multipoles are presented here in a systematic manner for a number of situations such as two-dimensional non-oblique and oblique waves, three dimensional waves in two-layer fluid with free surface condition with higher order partial derivative are considered. In particular, these are obtained taking into account of the effect of the presence of surface tension at the free surface and also in the presence of an ice-cover modelled as a thin elastic plate. Also for limiting case, it can be shown that the multipoles and wave-free potential functions go over to the single layer multipoles and wave-free potential.

Revisiting the methods of determining hydraulic conductivity of saturated expansive clays in low-compressibility zone

The hydraulic conductivity of saturated clays is commonly determined either directly by monitoring water flux or indirectly based on Terzaghi’s consolidation equation.Similar results are generally obtained from the two methods,but sometimes a significant difference can be observed,in particular for expansive soils.In this study,the hydraulic conductivities determined by the two methods are first compared based on existing data in the literature.The indirect method is then revisited attempting to explain the difference identified.A modified effective stress,considering physico-chemical interaction between face-to-face oriented particles,is finally introduced to better describe the compressibility of expansive clays and to further improve the indirect method in determining hydraulic conductivity of such soils in the low-compressibility zone.Extra tests were performed on Gaomiaozi(GMZ)bentonite slurry and the results obtained allowed the modified indirect method to be verified.

Velocity Decomposition Method for Ship Advancing in Calm Water Simulation

In this study, a viscous-inviscid method based on velocity decomposition is presented. The velocity of the flow field is decomposed into viscous velocity and inviscid velocity, the inviscid velocity is applied for the whole domain, which includes the damping area, and the remaining viscous velocity is just acting on a small domain around the ship hull according to the boundary layer theory. The remaining viscous velocity is computed by a modified N-S equation which coupled the inviscid part, after the inviscid velocity is obtained by solving Euler equation. The simulation of Wigley hull advancing in calm water is accomplished with present method also the decomposed velocity has been studied. The result shows the present method is robust and can be a practical method for partial viscous correction.

波浪中破损船舶运动的时域预报

波浪中破损船舶的运动会同时受到波浪激励和进出水的影响,而船体运动也会影响进出水过程,二者相互影响。因此,准确地评估波浪中考虑破舱进出水影响的破损船体运动是十分复杂的。论文提出采用一种基于势流理论的方法进行波浪中破损船体运动的预报,该方法假设舱内的液面水平,利用修正的伯努利方程模拟破舱进/出水,利用Ikeda`s经验公式修正阻尼系数,采用4DOF(横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇)相互耦合的时域方法评估波浪中破损船体的运动。文中以一艘ITTC破损稳性标模为例,研究了规则波中破损船体的运动响应;通过计算结果和模型试验的对比,验证了论文采用方法的有效性,并研究了破舱口位置对运动响应的影响。研究表明,论文采用的数值模拟方法结合合理的横摇阻尼模型,可以定量地评估破损船舶在波浪中的运动。

基于变形P-L模型的矩阵方程迭代精细横波预测

横波速度预测问题的关键有两个,一是如何建立合理的岩石物理模型,二是针对建立的横波预测目标函数,如何准确高效地求解.针对第一个问题,对Pride模型和Lee模型(P-L模型)进行变形,提出拟固结指数的概念,将干岩石模量和岩石基质模量相联系,变形后的P-L模型在没有降低P-L模型准确度的情况下简化了问题的复杂度,建立起了饱和流体岩石弹性模量与干岩石模量、岩石基质模量、混合流体模量之间的关系,进而计算理论上的纵波速度,并通过比较实测纵波速度与计算的理论纵波速度大小,最终建立了横波预测的目标函数.针对第二个问题,借鉴了地震反演的思路,将该目标函数的最优化问题转化为线性矩阵方程组迭代求解问题,通过几步迭代就可以求解出合适的拟固结指数,进而得到预测横波速度.实际验证和应用表明,该横波预测方法具有很好的稳定性和准确性,并且岩石物理模型的构建和目标函数的求解思路可用于其他储集类型地层的横波预测.

基于Helmholtz速度分解的黏势流耦合方法

针对Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,根据Helmholtz速度分解,将流场速度分解为势流部分和非势流部分,剥离势流部分后得到黏势流耦合的变形N-S方程.变形N-S方程求解的是非势流部分速度分量,其在远场的影响较弱,故较传统计算流体动力学(CFD)方法求解N-S方程计算区域小,计算效率较高.以圆柱绕流为例,势流部分速度分量采用解析解,并在OpenFOAM平台内实现了变形N-S方程的黏势流耦合计算.对不同雷诺数下圆柱绕流进行了计算模拟,并将耦合方法计算获得的流场中的速度、压力,与文献中的试验及传统CFD等计算的结果进行仔细比较和分析,相关结果吻合良好.研究表明,该方法适用于层流和湍流模型的计算模拟,为改善黏流计算效率提供了新的途径.

一类离散时间代数Riccati矩阵方程对称解的双迭代算法

利用逆矩阵的Neumann级数形式,将在线性二次优化问题中遇到的含未知矩阵之逆的离散时间代数Riccati矩阵方程(DTARME)转化为高次多项式矩阵方程,然后采用牛顿算法求高次多项式矩阵方程的对称解,并采用修正共轭梯度法求由牛顿算法每一步迭代计算导出的线性矩阵方程的对称解或者对称最小二乘解,建立求DTARME的对称解的双迭代算法。双迭代算法仅要求DTARME有对称解,不要求它的对称解唯一,也不对它的系数矩阵做附加限定。数值算例表明双迭代算法是有效的。

Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon方程相似、约化、精确解及守恒律

利用修正的CK方法对(1+1)维CDG方程进行对称和约化,借助辅助方程我们已得到了许多的精确解,并且给出了CDG方程的守恒律.

扁锥壳在线而荷载作用下的非线性稳定分析

对轴对称线布荷载作用下圆底扁锥壳的非线性稳定特性进行了分析。利用积分方程法和修正迭代法，得到了各种常见边界条件下扁锥壳特征关系的二次近似表达式。讨论了几何参数。ｖ、ｋ及边界条件对扁锥壳非线性稳定特性的影响。

时空分数阶Cahn-Hilliard方程新的精确解

借助Jumarie修正的Riemann-Liouville分数阶导数和分数阶复变换,利用一个二阶非线性常微分方程的解,基于(G'/G)-展开法,对时空分数阶Cahn-Hilliard方程进行研究,由此构造了该方程的若干双曲函数、三角函数和有理函数等不同形式的精确解,丰富了其精确解解系。此外,当其中的参数被赋予某些特殊值时,这些已获得的精确解则成为孤立波解、周期波解和行波解。结果表明,(G'/G)-展开法直接、简洁、高效,且具有一定的普适性,为数学物理领域其他非线性偏微分方程的求解提供了一种强有力的工具。