Modified particle swarm optimization-based antenna tilt angle adjusting scheme for LTE coverage optimization

In order to solve the challenging coverage problem that the long term evolution（ LTE） networks are facing, a coverage optimization scheme by adjusting the antenna tilt angle（ ATA） of evolved Node B（ e NB） is proposed based on the modified particle swarm optimization（ MPSO） algorithm.The number of mobile stations（ MSs） served by e NBs, which is obtained based on the reference signal received power（RSRP） measured from the MS, is used as the metric for coverage optimization, and the coverage problem is optimized by maximizing the number of served MSs. In the MPSO algorithm, a swarm of particles known as the set of ATAs is available; the fitness function is defined as the total number of the served MSs; and the evolution velocity corresponds to the ATAs adjustment scale for each iteration cycle. Simulation results showthat compared with the fixed ATA, the number of served MSs by e NBs is significantly increased by 7. 2%, the quality of the received signal is considerably improved by 20 d Bm, and, particularly, the system throughput is also effectively increased by 55 Mbit / s.

Modified unscented particle filter for nonlinear Bayesian tracking

A modified unscented particle filtering scheme for nonlinear tracking is proposed, in view of the potential drawbacks （such as, particle impoverishment and numerical sensitivity in calculating the prior） of the conventional unscented particle filter （UPF） confronted in practice. Specifically, a different derivation of the importance weight is presented in detail. The proposed method can avoid the calculation of the prior and reduce the effects of the impoverishment problem caused by sampling from the proposal distribution, Simulations have been performed using two illustrative examples and results have been provided to demonstrate the validity of the modified UPF as well as its improved performance over the conventional one.

Numerical Investigation of Penetration in Ceramic/Aluminum Targets Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method and Presenting a Modified Analytical Model

Radius of ceramic cone can largely contribute into final solution of analytic models of penetration into ceramic/metal targets.In the present research,a modified model based on radius of ceramic cone was presented for ceramic/aluminum targets.In order to investigate and evaluate accuracy of the presented analytic model,obtained results were compared against the results of the Florence’s analytic model and also against numerical modeling results.The phenomenon of impact onto ceramic/aluminum composites were modeled using smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)implemented utilizing ABAQUS Software.Results indicated that,with increasing initial velocity and ceramic thickness and decreasing support layer thickness,the radius of ceramic cone decreases;this ends up increasing residual velocity of the projectile and penetration time and extending the area across which the pressure is distributed.These findings indicate enhanced levels of target energy absorption and the required energy for bending and tensioning the target.As such,it can be observed that,at the same thickness and areal density,the ceramic target has its efficiency enhanced with increasing ceramic thickness and decreasing the support layer thickness.Finally,the results revealed that the associated data with SPH confirm the modified analytic model at higher accuracy than the Florence’s analytic model.

Iron Species-Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon as Modified Particle Electrodes Applied in Benzothiazole Adsorption and Electrocatalytic Degradation

The object of this study is to prepare iron species-impregnated granular activated carbon as particle electrodes in order to improve their adsorption and electrocatalytic degradation capacity in Benzothiazole removal.The incorporation of Fe-containing catalysts was performed by Fe(NO_3)_3 impregnation.The obtained samples were characterized by BET,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,SEM-EDS,powder X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectra and TG.Compared with pure activated carbon,this modified particle electrodes show higher static adsorption capacities and TOC removal,which have respectively increased by25.9% and 54.4%.Both physisorption and chemisorption exist in the process of benzothiazole adsorption,where the latter plays a major role.In this way,the Fe-containing catalysts on modified particle electrodes are demonstrated to make a greater contribution to the improvement of electrocatalytic degradation by decreasing the activated energy by 32%.

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation on Bonding Reaction Between Surface Modified Nanoparticles

A simulation study was carried out by using dissipative particle dynamics(DPD) method to explore the effects of properties of coating chains, such as length, density, rigidity of polymer chains, as well as the distance between nanoparticles on bonding reaction of coating chains grafted onto nanoparticles. The results show that bonding ratios of coated chains strongly depend on the length and density of coating chains. For nanoparticles with different coating densities, the optimum chain length for bonding reaction are varied. The rigidity of coating chains exhibits vigorous effects on bonding reaction that highly depends on chain lengths. DPD simulation can be used to study the bonding reaction between coated nanoparticles, which may help experimental synthesis of nanocomposites with excellent properties.

Aircraft attitude estimation of MEMS sensor based on modified particle filter

The non-linearity problem of aircraft system could not be overcome by using the MEMS sensor only.In order to improve the accuracy of aerial vehicle attitude,an aircraft attitude estimation of the MEMS sensor based on modified particle filter is proposed.The aircraft attitude is optimized by the conjugate gradient method,and the drift error of gyroscope is reduced.Moreover,the particle weight is updated by the observed value to obtain an optimized state estimate.Finally,the conjugate gradient method and the modified particle filter are weightily combined to determine the optimal weighting factor.The attitude estimation is carried out with STM32 and MEMS sensor as the core to design system.The experimental results show that the static and dynamic attitude estimation performances of the aircraft are improved.The performances are well,the attitude data is relatively stable,and the tracking characteristics are better.Moreover,it has better robustness and stability.

Combustion Properties of Metal Particles as Components of Modified Double-Base Propellants

Metal particles such as aluminum（ Al）,magnesium（ Mg）,boron（ B） and nickel（ Ni）,as well as Mg/Al alloy（ Mg/Al = 3/4） are currently the most widely used ingredients in modified doublebase propellants. In this contribution,the combustion properties of the metal species are studied by means of the high-speed photography technique and the non-contact wavelet-based measurement of flame temperature distribution. The combustion process of the Al,Mg and Mg/Al samples shows both gas phase reaction and surface oxidation,which yield volatile and nonvolatile products,corresponding to the oxide and suboxide respectively. However,the combustion of B and Ni shows only gas phase reaction,due to their high melting point as well as high enthalpy of vaporization. In addition to the experiments,a hypothetical combustion model has been proposed to clarify the combustion characteristics of metal species in modified double-base propellants.

ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL UPSETTING PROCESS BY THE RIGID-PLASTIC REPRODUCING KERNEL PARTICLE METHOD

A meshless approach, called the rigid-plastic reproducing kernel particle method （RKPM）, is presented for three-dimensional （3D） bulk metal forming simulation. The approach is a combination of RKPM with the flow theory of 3D rigid-plastic mechanics. For the treatments of essential boundary conditions and incompressibility constraint, the boundary singular kernel method and the modified penalty method are utilized, respectively. The arc-tangential friction model is employed to treat the contact conditions. The compression of rectangular blocks, a typical 3D upsetting operation, is analyzed for different friction conditions and the numerical results are compared with those obtained using commercial rigid-plastic FEM （finite element method） software Deform^3D. As results show, when handling 3D plastic deformations, the proposed approach eliminates the need of expensive meshing and remeshing procedures which are unavoidable in conventional FEM and can provide results that are in good agreement with finite element predictions.

Robust airfoil optimization based on improved particle swarm optimization method

A robust airfoil optimization platform is constructed based on the modified particle swarm optimization method （i.e., the second-order oscillating particle swarm method）, which consists of an efficient optimization algorithm, a precise aerodynamic analysis program, a high accuracy surrogate model, and a classical airfoil parametric method. There are two improvements for the modified particle swarm method compared with the standard particle swarm method. First, the particle velocity is represented by the combination of the particle position and the variation of position, which makes the particle swarm algorithm a second-order precision method with respect to the particle po- sition. Second, for the sake of adding diversity to the swarm and enlarging the parameter searching domain to improve the global convergence performance of the algorithm, an oscillating term is introduced to the update formula of the particle velocity. At last, tak- ing two airfoils as examples, the aerodynamic shapes are optimized on this optimization platform. It is shown from the optimization results that the aerodynamic characteristic of the airfoils is greatly improved in a broad design range.

Factors Affecting the Reductive Properties of the Core-Shell SiO2-Coated Iron Nanoparticles

In this study, novel core-shell SiO2-coated iron nanoparticles (SiO2-nZVI) were synthesized using a one-step Stoeber method. The Malachite green degradation abilities of the nanoparticles were investigated. The effects of ethanol/distilled water volume ratio, presence and absence of PEG, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) dosage, and hydrolysis time used in the nanoparticles preparation process were investigated. The results indicated that the SiO2-coated iron nanoparticles had the highest reduction activity when the particles synthesized with ethanol/H2O ratio of 2:1, PEG of 0.15 ml, TEOS of 0.5 ml and the reaction time was 4 h. The SiO2-nZVI nanoparticles were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) and powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the average particles diameter of the SiO2-nZVI was 20 - 30 nm. The thickness of the outside SiO2 film is consistent and approximately 10 nm. The results indicated that the nanoparticles coated completely with a transparent SiO2-film. Such nanoparticles could have wide applications in dye decolorization.

Characteristics and Mechanism of Modified Triethanolamine as Cement Grinding Aids

Effects of modified triethanolamine as cement grinding aids on particles characteristics and mechanical property of cement were studied, and its reaction mechanism was analyzed by IR, Zeta potential, SEM, XRD and TG-DTA. The results show that the content of 3-32 μm particles for cement with 0.015% modified triethanolamine（M-TEA） is increased by 12.4%, and the compressive strengths of cement with 0.03% M-TEA are increased by 5.5 and 8.2 MPa at 3 and 28 days, respectively. And both the grinding and enhancement effects of M-TEA on cement are better than triethanolamine. The mechanism analysis shows that M-TEA not only has the amino and hydroxyl groups of TEA, but also has the ester, carbonyl, carboxyl groups which easily combine with metal ions of cement minerals, resulting in that M-TEA can promote surface adsorption and shield the unsaturated charges in the surface and crack section of particles, thus particles reunion is prevented and grinding efficiency is improved. Enhancement of M-TEA on cement mainly lies in that it can promote or induce hydration reaction of cement mineral with gypsum and water, which accelerates formation of hydration products, and then improves the structure and morphology of cement hydration products, thus the uniformity and compactness of product structure is increased.

Optimization of Thermal Aware VLSI Non-Slicing Floorplanning Using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm-Harmony Search Algorithm

Floorplanning is a prominent area in the Very Large-Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit design automation, because it influences the performance, size, yield and reliability of the VLSI chips. It is the process of estimating the positions and shapes of the modules. A high packing density, small feature size and high clock frequency make the Integrated Circuit (IC) to dissipate large amount of heat. So, in this paper, a methodology is presented to distribute the temperature of the module on the layout while simultaneously optimizing the total area and wirelength by using a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Harmony Search (HPSOHS) algorithm. This hybrid algorithm employs diversification technique (PSO) to obtain global optima and intensification strategy (HS) to achieve the best solution at the local level and Modified Corner List algorithm (MCL) for floorplan representation. A thermal modelling tool called hotspot tool is integrated with the proposed algorithm to obtain the temperature at the block level. The proposed algorithm is illustrated using Microelectronics Centre of North Carolina (MCNC) benchmark circuits. The results obtained are compared with the solutions derived from other stochastic algorithms and the proposed algorithm provides better solution.

修正磁化模型的多组分铁磁性颗粒运动研究

铁磁性颗粒因具有铁磁性被广泛应用于化工环保、生化工程和能源等各个领域,磁场具有的穿透性质,对于采用铁磁性颗粒的系统,可通过改变磁场控制系统内颗粒的运动状态.文章基于传统的磁化模型,采用相对参考系转换方法,提出了适用范围更广的修正P-E磁化模型,可以计算铁磁性颗粒在任意方向磁场作用下所受磁化力.通过有限体积法(FVM)与离散单元法(DEM)耦合进行数值模拟,验证了修正P-E磁化模型的精确性,并模拟多组分颗粒在磁场中的运动,对比了铁磁性颗粒与惰性颗粒在不同配比及不同磁场条件下的运动特性,对颗粒分布、颗粒速度矢量和颗粒总能量变化3个方面进行分析.结果表明:在多组分颗粒系统中,铁磁性颗粒依旧保持成链特性,但成链速度与长度降低;随着铁磁性颗粒占比提高,铁磁性颗粒初始能量增大,聚链数量与成链长度将有所增加,约束惰性颗粒能力增强;此外,施加水平与竖直方向磁场时,多组分颗粒系统达到稳定速度最快,可以通过增大铁磁性颗粒占比有效提升稳定速度,使系统更快趋于稳定;而施加含有倾角的磁场时,随着铁磁性颗粒占比升高,铁磁性颗粒达到稳定状态需要的时间逐渐降低,较难通过改变铁磁性颗粒占比缩短稳定所需时间.

基于改进粒子群算法的ER8机器人轨迹规划

为解决传统机器人工作效率低、稳定性不足和传统粒子群算法易早熟等问题,提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法的时间最优轨迹规划算法。通过改进粒子群算法的惯性权重和学习因子,优化了粒子群算法的局部和全局搜索能力。首先,以国产ER8型机器人为研究对象,采用改进型D-H参数法获得机器人连杆参数数据,同时通过运动学正逆解理论计算求出了轨迹插值点;其次,利用MATLAB机器人工具箱建立了ER8机器人仿真模型,由于正逆解理论值与仿真结果完全相一致,证明了所建仿真模型的正确性;最后,通过MATLAB仿真得到机器人3-5-3多项式插值构造的轨迹中各关节的位置、速度和加速度等信息,在满足运动学约束的前提下,利用改进粒子群算法优化3-5-3混合多项式插值函数构造的轨迹,机器人用于完成轨迹的时间从3 s减少到1.0375 s,相对于优化前,整体运行时间缩短了大约65%,证明文中改进的粒子群算法可以有效实现时间最优的轨迹规划。

粒度对热改性煤矸石制备及吸附性能的影响

以不同粒度煤矸石为原料制备热改性煤矸石,研究其对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响。结果表明,不同粒度热改性煤矸石最佳制备条件和最佳吸附条件均不相同。在750℃煅烧5 h的200目(74μm)热改性煤矸石吸附效果最佳;在最佳吸附条件下,200目热改性煤矸石的最大吸附量为87 mg/g,比400目(37μm)和600目(23μm)热改性煤矸石分别高13%和9%。采用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电镜(SEM)和全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪(BET)对样品进行表征,发现不同粒度热改性煤矸石较原煤矸石均变得疏松,但200目煤矸石效果更加显著,形成的孔隙主要是介孔。

聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉的制备及表征

以糯玉米淀粉为原料、异辛酸亚锡为催化剂,在丙交酯熔融体系中制备了聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉。建立了聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉取代度的^(1)HNMR测试方法,以取代度为响应值,反应时间、反应温度、丙交酯添加量为考察因素,通过单因素和响应面实验优化了聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉的合成工艺,得到最优工艺为:反应时间12.46 h,反应温度111.75℃,丙交酯添加量为淀粉质量的258%,预测最大取代度为0.0253,通过实际操作条件调整后实际取代度为0.0238。对最优条件下制备的聚乳酸改性淀粉进行了系列表征,证实聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉的颗粒结构没有被完全破坏,晶型、相对分子质量等性能优于溶剂法传统技术制备的聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉。

水性有机硅改性环氧树脂的制备与性能

利用二甲基二氯硅烷(DMDCS)与环氧树脂E51中-OH缩合反应合成有机硅改性环氧树脂,并采用相反转法制备水性有机硅改性环氧树脂,以疏水性优选有机硅改性环氧树脂合成条件,分析了乳化工艺对乳液平均粒径的影响,并考察了固化膜性能。结果表明,在环氧树脂40 g、DMDCS 1.6 g、溶剂用量20 mL、50℃反应8 h的条件下,有机硅改性环氧树脂与水的接触角为106.8°;当乳化剂用量为25%、乳化温度为65℃、剪切机转速为3000 r/min时,乳液平均粒径为1.011μm,储存稳定性(30 d)和离心稳定性(3000 r/min,30 min)良好;水性有机硅改性环氧固化膜固化时间短,具有优良的疏水性、力学性能、耐腐蚀性能。

改性膨润土对污水中重金属离子吸附实验研究

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。为了研究改性膨润土对污水中重金属离子的吸附效果,分析pH值、初始浓度、时间、固液比、温度和粒径对膨润土吸附效果的影响,并采用微观手段研究在吸附重金属离子前后膨润土内部矿物成分的变化以及红外光谱图的变化规律。结果表明:当改性膨润土掺量为0.2 g、吸附时间为1.5 h、温度设置为40℃,pH值设定为6,初始浓度均设定为200 mg/L和固液比设置为0.8 g/L时,改性膨润土的吸附效果达到较佳。改性膨润土经过吸附实验后,可以检测到明显的CuSO_(4)衍射峰,但是改性膨润土内部其他矿物成分不变,这说明改性膨润土可以有效地吸附污水中的铜离子。

表面改性WC颗粒增强铜基复合材料的微观结构与摩擦学特性

WC与Cu界面结合强度不足严重影响铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,但业内尚未有良好的界面调控措施以优化性能。采用铜表面改性WC颗粒改善WC与Cu基体界面,经粉末冶金工艺制备Cu改性WC颗粒增强铜基复合材料,开展复合材料的微结构表征与摩擦学性能研究。研究表明,Cu改性WC颗粒可良好地嵌入铜基体,颗粒与Cu基体界面较基体弹性恢复能力提升33%,硬度提升20%。15 wt.%Cu改性WC增强铜基复合材料具有最佳的物理性能与摩擦学特性,较纯铜粉末冶金材料体积密度提升8%,布氏硬度提升15%,摩擦因数波动幅度最小并稳定在0.75,磨损量最小为0.075 mm^(3),磨痕轮廓圆滑,磨损面最完整且大面积成膜。随Cu改性WC含量增大,主要磨损机制由黏着磨损转变为剥离磨损,Cu改性WC颗粒促进摩擦转移层的形成,抑制磨损面裂纹的横向扩展。Cu改性WC颗粒与铜基体界面结合强度显著提升,15 wt.%复合材料抑制黏着磨损与疲劳磨损,摩擦学性能优异。采用Cu改性WC颗粒增强铜基摩擦材料有望成为优化WC与Cu基体界面提升铜基复合材料摩擦学性能的重要备选途径。

免疫粒子群算法在修正高斯模型下的源强反演

为提高危险气体泄漏溯源定位的科学性和实效性,确定危险气体泄漏位置和强度是事故应急响应的关键。首先,根据质量守恒定律,分析、改进近似高斯分布的气体羽流扩散幅度,修正高斯烟羽模型;然后,基于免疫浓度筛选机制作为主策略的免疫算法(IA),通过与粒子群算法(PSO)耦合,将混合免疫粒子群(PSO-IA)算法应用到源强反演中;最后,验证PSO-IA算法溯源定位效果。结果表明:与模式搜索法(PS)、遗传算法(GA)、PSO相比,修正高斯烟羽模型预测值误差均下降2%左右;混合PSO-IA算法相较PSO算法反演源强效果有明显提升,其算法定位误差为1.3 m,求解源强误差为0.8%,单次计算时间小于1 s,能实现快速、准确定位并估算源强度。