Novel wood-plastic composite fabricated via modified steel slag:Preparation,mechanical and flammability properties

A novel method was developed to enhance the utilization rate of steel slag(SS).Through treatment of SS with phosphoric acid and aminopropyl triethoxysilane(KH550),we obtained modified SS(MSS),which was used to prepare MSS/wood-plastic composites(MSS/WPCs)by replacing talcum powder(TP).The composites were fabricated through melting blending and hot pressing.Their mechanical and combustion properties,which comprise heat release,smoke release,and thermal stability,were systematically investigated.MSS can improve the mechanical strength of the composites through grafting reactions between wood powder and thermoplastics.Notably,MSS/WPC#50(16wt%MSS)with an MSS-to-TP mass ratio of 1:1 exhibited optimal comprehensive performance.Compared with those of WPC#0 without MSS,the tensile,flexural,and impact strengths of MSS/WPC#50 were increased by 18.5%,12.8%,and 18.0%,respectively.Moreover,the MSS/WPC#50 sample achieved the highest limited oxygen index of 22.5%,the highest vertical burning rating at the V-1 level,and the lowest horizontal burning rate at 44.2 mm/min.The formation of a dense and stable char layer led to improved thermal stability and a considerable reduction in heat and smoke releases of MSS/WPC#50.However,the partial replacement of TP with MSS slightly compromised the mechanical and flame-retardant properties,possibly due to the weak grafting caused by SS powder agglomeration.These findings suggest the suitability of MSS/WPCs for high-value-added applications as decorative panels indoors or outdoors.

Application of Modified Nickel Slag Adsorbent on the Removal of Pb^(2＋) and Cu^(2＋) from Aqueous Solution

Al（OH）_3 modified nickel slag adsorbent was prepared by sintering technology. The structure of the sample was characterized by BET, XRD, IR, SEM and EDAX. The sample＇s adsorption performance of Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋） from aqueous solution was studied. Results indicated that the adsorbent is a loose and porous mesoporous material. Its surface had mass aluminosilicate, high-activity γ-Al_2O_3 and its p H ranges from 4 to 12 that all have negative charges. The BET surface of the adsorbent is 23.90 m^2/g. Furthermore, its surface contains rich oxygenic functional groups, which could not only provide abundant adsorption sites for Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋）, but also improve the adsorption performance of Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋） from waste water through the complexation of heavy metal ions. The best p H values selected in the adsorption of Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋） are 6 and 5, respectively. With the increase of the initial concentration of simulated solution, the adsorption capacities of Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋） gradually increased but the removal rates showed a downward trend. The competitive adsorption results of Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋） showed that Pb^（2＋） has better preferential adsorption than Cu^（2＋）.

Stabilisation of Pb in Pb Smelting Slag-Contaminated Soil by Compost-Modified Biochars and Their Effects on Maize Plant Growth

Compost has been used to stabilise lead (Pb) in soil. However, compost contains a high level of dissolved organic matter (DOM) which may make Pb bioavailable in plant and thereby limiting its effectiveness and application. Addition of biochar to compost can reduce this effect. Rice husk (RH) and Cashew nut shell (CNS) biochars and compost-modified biochars were used in comparison to compost for stabilizing Pb in lead smelting slag (LSS)-contaminated soil (Pb = 18,300 mg/kg) in Nigeria. Efficiency of Pb stabilisation in control and amended soils was assessed using CaCl2 batch leaching experiment and plant performance. In pot experiments, maize plant was grown on the contaminated soil and on soil treated with minimum and optimum doses of the amendments singly and in combination for 6 weeks. Agronomical and chemical parameters of the plants were measured. CaCl2-extractable Pb in the untreated soil was reduced from 60 mg/kg to 0.55 mg/kg in RHB amended soils and non-detectable in other amended soils. RH-biochar/compost increased plant height, number of leaf and leaf area more than the others. Similarly, at minimum rate, it reduced root and shoot Pb by 91% and 86.0% respectively. Compost-modified rice husk biocharstabilised Pb in lead smelting slag contaminated soil reduced Pb plant uptake and improved plant growth. Lead stabilisation through the use of rice husk biochar with compost may be a green method for remediation of lead smelting slag-contaminated soil.

Early Intervention on the Properties of Steel Slag at High Temperature by Modifier Compound with Tailings: A Feasible Way for Comprehensive Utilization of Solid Wastes

Steel slag, a by-product of the steel production industry reaches 10%–15% of crude steel output (Motz and Geiseler, 2001). Their main application lies in the field of building materials due to some containing cementitious components, such as dicalcium silicate (C2S) and tricalcium silicate (C3S) (Waligora et al., 2010). However, blended cements with steelmaking slag show low early hydration activity, low compressive strength and bad durability because steel slag generates above 1600 ℃ with the tense and large grain size crystals, consisting of low content of C2S and C3S and high proportions of f-CaO and f-MgO compared with cement clinker.

Recovery of cobalt from converter slag of Chambishi Copper Smelter using reduction smelting process

The reduction smelting process for cobalt recovery from converter slag of the Chambishi Copper Smelter in Zambia was studied. The effects of reducing agent dosage, smelting temperature and time and the addition of slag modifiers （CaO and TiO2） were investigated. In addition, the depleted slag and cobalt-bearing alloy were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Under the determined conditions, 94.02% Co, 95.76% Cu and less than 18% Fe in the converter slag were recovered. It was found that the main phases of depleted slag were fayalite and hercynite; and the cobalt-bearing alloy mainly contained metallic copper, Fe-Co-Cu alloys and a small amount of sulfide.

煤气化渣的改性及其在水泥增强中的应用研究

为了解决煤气化渣在工业生产中大量产生但难以得到有效利用,以及传统水泥材料的强度提升受限的问题,本文研究了煤气化渣的改性以及在水泥中的应用。采用特定的溶剂,在适宜的温度和搅拌条件下,对煤气化渣进行改性处理,再将改性后的煤气化渣作为掺合料加入水泥中,评价了其作用效能。结果显示,随着煤气化渣的掺量增加,水泥强度先升后降,掺量为15%时强度最优。使用溶剂对煤气化渣进行改性,15%掺量下,2.5%的改性剂可使水泥块7d和28d的抗压强度分别达到2.15MPa和7.0MPa。在水泥碎石中,3%的改性剂可使水泥块7d和28d的抗压强度达到12MPa和18MPa。本文优化了煤气化渣的改性条件,优选了掺量和改性剂用量,将其掺入水泥后,提升了水泥基材料的强度,为煤气化渣在水泥工业中的高值化利用提供了理论和数据参考。

Impedimetric Sensor of Lanthanum and Cerium Ions Based on Functional Isosorbide-Based Oligo (Ether Sulfone) S-Modified Platinum Electrodes

Rare earth elements (REEs) are beneficial in developing modern technologies, especially electronics. Their extractions from natural deposits and their recycling require chemical processes that should be monitored regarding efficiency and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this study is to develop impedimetric sensors for the sensitive detection of the rare earth elements La and Ce by modifying a platinum electrode with four isosorbide-based oligo (ether sulfone)s. These oligomers, functionalized with different end groups (hydroxyl, fluor, amine, maleimide), were obtained with satisfactory yields, starting from isosorbide and bis (4-fuorophenyl) sulphone monomers. The resulting oligomers were characterized by NMR, DSC, and ATG analysis. The dihydroxy-oligo (ether sulfone) modified sensor showed the highest analytical performance compared to the other oligomers. The detection limit is 10−9 M for La and 3 × 10−9 M for Ce which is lower than that of most of the published electrochemical sensors.

高温改性钢渣活化过硫酸盐降解甲基橙和苯酚的反应机制

采用高温改性钢渣活化过硫酸盐(peroxymonosulfate,PMS)降解甲基橙(methyl orange,MO)和苯酚(phenol,AR)。考察了改性钢渣投加量、PMS浓度、初始pH值、反应温度对MO和AR降解效果的影响。在改性钢渣质量浓度为9.0 g/L、PMS物质的量浓度为12.0 mmol/L、初始pH值为7.0、反应温度为25℃的条件下,反应90 min,30 mg/L MO和15 mg/L AR的降解率分别达到90.5%和100%。材料表征分析结果表明,高温改性钢渣比表面积增大、孔隙率高、催化氧化PMS性能好,且重复利用仍有较好的原位恢复性能。自由基淬灭和电子顺磁共振波谱实验说明,高温改性钢渣/PMS反应体系存在非自由基(1 O 2)和自由基(SO_(4)^(-)·和·OH),发挥了碱活化PMS和铁氧化物活化PMS的共同作用,最终将MO和AR降解为小分子物质。

建筑物下特厚煤层镁渣基全固废连采连充开采技术与实践

我国建筑物下压煤量巨大,同时煤矸石、粉煤灰等煤基工业固体废弃物排放量日益增加,严重制约地方经济社会发展。以榆林麻黄梁煤矿为试验矿井,针对其特厚煤层、建筑物下压煤、充填成本高等问题,提出了特厚煤层全固废连采连充开采技术。采用四阶段工序并将特厚煤层分为上、下2部分二次回采压覆煤炭,最大程度控制地面沉降。为降低充填原材料成本,采用化学优化剂对镁渣进行源头改性,抑制镁渣冷却粉化,稳定水化活性,协同粉煤灰、脱硫石膏等煤基固废,研发了改性镁−煤渣基胶凝材料。采用改性镁−煤渣基胶凝材料胶结煤矸石、粉煤灰制备了全固废充填材料。针对麻黄梁煤矿四阶段强、弱充填强度要求,设计不同配比的改性镁渣基充填材料试验,优选配比并应用于井下充填。论述了膏体充填系统与充填接顶方法。麻黄梁煤矿全固废胶结充填工艺试验显示,井下28 d龄期充填体钻芯平均单轴抗压强度超设计强度27%,钻芯浸出毒性满足相关国家标准要求,成功回收了建筑物下压覆煤炭资源,社会经济效益显著。麻黄梁煤矿特厚煤层全固废胶结充填开采实践为国内类似矿井提供了有益借鉴,同时为我国大型煤炭基地的“煤−电−化−冶”固废大规模资源化利用提供了新的思路。

改性钢渣-沥青混合料的性能及机理

采用甲基硅酸钠溶液、二氧化硅胶体溶液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液对钢渣进行浸泡改性处理,通过性能测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、声发射等测试方法研究了改性钢渣的物理、力学性能,改性钢渣-沥青混合料的性能,钢渣的改性机理和改性钢渣-沥青混合料的抗裂机理。结果表明,4.75~19 mm钢渣经1%~4%浓度溶剂改性后,物理性能得到明显改善;经3%浓度溶剂改性后的钢渣制备的改性钢渣-沥青混合料的体积稳定性较未改性钢渣-沥青混合料(RSAM)提高了27.92%~39.09%;改性钢渣表面包裹着不同状态的不溶于水的改性保护层,经二氧化硅改性后的钢渣(SMS)表面呈现出致密的层状结构且保持表面粗糙,改性效果最优;二氧化硅改性钢渣-沥青混合料(SMSAM)的裂纹宽度减小,主裂纹出现的时间较晚,SMS对SMSAM的断裂破坏起到了一定的减缓作用,提高了混合料的抗开裂性能。

石灰-高炉矿渣改良膨胀土强度特性试验研究

因膨胀土具有吸水膨胀、失水收缩等不稳定性特征,使用高炉矿渣作为新型固化剂,并与无机材料石灰组合对膨胀土进行改良。对改良膨胀土开展自由膨胀率、液塑限、无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度等指标的研究,探讨并分析了石灰-高炉矿渣(L-BLS)改良膨胀土在不同养护龄期以及不同改良剂掺量下的无侧限抗压强度变化规律。结果表明:使用L-BLS改良膨胀土能够显著提高膨胀土的早期强度;改良膨胀土的强度随养护龄期及改良剂掺量的增加而增强;当掺入6%石灰及9%高炉矿渣时,对应龄期的无侧限抗压强度最大,材料的有效利用率最佳。

矿渣微粉改良红层填料的力学特性及其机理分析

为研究矿渣微粉改良红层填料的力学特性及其作用机理,通过无侧限抗压强度、直剪等试验,对不同矿渣微粉掺量下的红层填料进行了强度特性分析,并采用X衍射、热重分析、红外光谱、激光粒度、核磁共振和扫描电镜等微观分析方法,围绕矿渣微粉改良土体的作用机理进行了研究。试验结果表明,矿渣微粉对红层填料的力学强度和水稳定性具有较好的改良作用,改良填料的无侧限抗压强度由0.76 MPa逐渐增大至3.10 MPa;黏聚力与内摩擦角也得到了显著提高。通过红外光谱、激光粒度和核磁共振分析发现,改良填料颗粒间Al^(3+)阳离子配位的振动峰增强,降低了黏土矿物的双电层厚度,土颗粒团聚性显著增强,孔隙分布得到优化;通过X射线衍射和热重分析证明了水化产物的生成过程;扫描电镜观测到改良填料的具体作用机理:主要为填充效应和胶凝效应,其胶凝效应包括水化作用和离子交换作用。对微观扫描图的定量化分析进一步表明土体结构复杂程度增大,颗粒粗糙程度及骨架性增强。

改性玉米芯生物炭与钢渣微粉组合吸附磷的研究

探究镁改性玉米芯生物炭和钢渣微粉以及两者组合对含磷模拟废水的吸附效果。结果表明,5 g玉米芯粉末在10 mL的1.5 mol/L浓度MgCl_(2)改性条件下,在热解温度为450℃的马弗炉中烧制的生物炭对磷吸附效果最佳。钢渣微粉与镁改性玉米芯生物炭组合的添加量由14 g/L钢渣微粉和4 g/L镁改性玉米芯生物炭混合组成。钢渣微粉与镁改性玉米芯生物炭组合对磷的吸附效果均好于两者单独存在时,去除率高达98%,并在60 min时吸附达到平衡,组合投加吸附平衡时间均短于两种材料分别单独存在时。组合投加吸附过程满足准二级吸附动力学模型,且符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,最大理论吸附量为0.12 mg/g。

碱熔融复合改性钢渣处理铅离子废水的试验研究

采用复合改性剂〔NaOH或Al(OH)_(3)+粉煤灰〕在高温下对钢渣进行改性,探究了碱熔融温度、碱熔融时间及碱掺量等因素对改性钢渣吸附铅离子性能的影响,并结合XRF、XRD、SEM和BET等测试方法,对改性钢渣的化学成分、矿物组成、微观结构及孔径进行分析,并考察了最优条件下制备得到的改性钢渣的重金属浸出毒性,对铅离子吸附的再生性及选择性。研究结果表明,在碱熔融温度700℃,碱熔融时间4 h,钢渣、粉煤灰和碱性改性剂Al(OH)_(3)质量比100∶10∶20条件下,吸附铅离子效果最佳。改性钢渣没有生成新的晶体,只是破坏了钢渣中原有的晶体结构,生成了具有一定活性的多孔硅酸铝盐,表面松散堆积细小熔融颗粒,孔径集中分布在5~20 nm,在孔的吸附、化学沉淀和离子交换等反应共同作用下,对废水中铅离子的吸附率达98.15%,且具有较好的再生性和选择吸附性,是一种绿色安全的重金属离子吸附剂。

同时固定Cd和As煤气化渣基复合材料的制备及性能研究

本研究开发了一种铁改性煤气化渣材料(FGS),可以修复镉(Cd)和砷(As)复合污染的土壤。通过水相吸附实验和土壤修复模拟实验评估了FGS的钝化性能。FGS对水中Cd和As的最大吸附量分别为5.82和9.69 mg/g,而煤气化渣材料(CGS)的最大吸附量只有0.99和0.92 mg/g。X射线衍射图显示,铁氧化物被成功地负载到FGS上,Cd和As能够与Fe_(2)O_(3)和FeOOH发生络合从而显著提高FGS的吸附能力。在土壤中施用FGS后,DTPA提取Cd浓度从0.70 mg/kg降低到0.58 mg/kg,这与土壤pH从6.46升高到7.03以及Cd与含氧官能团或FeOOH的络合作用有关。由于FeOOH的络合作用,土壤中溶解As的浓度从15.33 mg/kg下降到13.72 mg/kg。本研究通过展示FGS作为土壤修复剂的应用潜力,揭示Cd和As的固定机理,为利用气化渣制备土壤Cd、As修复材料提供了理论依据。

碱渣改性充填体早期力学特性及能量演化特征

为探究碱渣改性充填体的早期力学特性及能量演化特征,利用WHY-600压力机开展了单轴压缩试验,分析了其抗压强度、弹性模量、破裂模式及能量变化,结合响应曲面法,对质量浓度、尾砂级配及碱渣添加量进行寻优分析。结果表明:随碱渣添加量增加,充填体失稳破坏位移量、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量先增大后减小,当碱渣添加量为5%时,充填体抗压强度大,抵抗变形能力强;随碱渣添加量增加,充填体耗散能、弹性变形能、峰值强度下单位体积应变能及总能量均先增加后减小;单轴压缩条件下,碱渣改性充填体破坏模式为半贯穿或贯穿的斜剪切、平行双裂隙以及倒Y型裂隙,破坏程度随碱渣添加量增加而增大;建议采用质量浓度77%、细粗尾砂级配3:7、碱渣添加量5.35%的配比来制备碱渣改性充填体,经计算其抗压强度为5.3458 MPa,能满足矿山早期生产需求。研究结果为碱渣改性材料的可行性提供了一定的理论依据。

改性含钛高炉渣中金红石的选择性分离及浸出机理研究

含钛高炉渣的综合利用是冶金领域亟待解决的关键问题。针对该问题,以改性含钛高炉渣(含钛高炉渣在高温下经过氧化硅、压缩空气改性处理得到的炉渣)为原料,通过重选-碱浸-酸浸工艺来实现金红石晶体的选择性分离,获得高品质的人造金红石。具体研究各工艺参数对重选实验、碱浸实验、酸浸实验的影响。结果表明,较佳的工艺条件为:-150μm改性渣占比79.53%、冲程14 mm、冲次360 times/min;碱浸温度95℃、碱浸时间90 min、NaOH浓度3.0 mol/L;酸浸温度65℃、酸浸时间60 min和HCl浓度3.0 mol/L。产品金红石的TiO2含量为98.20%,MgO和CaO总含量为0.47%,是氯化钛白的优质原料。此外,通过电位-pH图明晰了碱浸-酸浸实验的浸出机理。

Utilization of recycled solid waste as ecological reclamation materials based on plant growth experiments and soil quality analysis

During the highway construction,a large number of spoil areas will be generated while a large amount of waste slag and soil could not be rationally utilized.Besides,the vegetation recovery is slow in the spoil areas due to the soil depletion.Aiming at recycling the solid waste,the sieved engineering waste slag with local red clay and corn straw biochar was supplied to solve the problem of insufficient nutrients in engineering waste slag and soil.In addition,planting experiments of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)and Amorpha fruticosa L.combined with physical and chemical experiments were carried out to prove the feasibility of the novel improved substrate for the reclamation of spoil areas.The results show that the substrate's improvement effect is mainly affected by the soil to slag ratio and the biochar content.The improvement effect of soil matrix in highway spoil area decreases with the increase of the waste slag content,especially when the soil-slag ratio is less than 3,and the promotion of plants is limited.On the contrary,the improvement effect is proportional to the biochar content(3%-8%).But it is noted that the Cu and Pb in the soil will exceed the clean limit corresponding to the Nemero soil pollution index level when the biochar content is 8%.Therefore,it is recommended that the soil-slag ratio should be≥3,and the biochar content should reach 3%-5%.This research provides experimental basis and technical support for utilizing solid waste resources in the reclamation of highway spoil areas.

Removal Arsenic(V)Efficiency and Characteristics Using Modified Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag in Aqueous Solution

Basic oxygen furnace(BOF) slag, the solid waste produced in the steelmaking process, is reused in industry, agriculture and environmental treatment. However, as an adsorbent for wastewater, the removal effect of BOF slag on anionic pollutants needs to be improved. In this study, acid and alkali were used to modify BOF slag,and the removal efficiency and mechanism of arsenic(V) with modified BOF slag in solution were studied. The effects of the As(V) initial concentration, solution pH and reaction time on the removal efficiency were determined by batch experiments, and the removal mechanism of As(V) using modified BOF slag was studied by an adsorption kinetic model and isothermal adsorption model and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) spectral analysis. The results showed that the slag modified by 15% sulfuric acid had the best removal effect on As(V), while the removal effect of As(V) by alkali-modified slag was not ideal. The removal rate of As(V) by acid-modified slag increased with the increase in the initial concentration, decreased slowly with the increase in pH and reached equilibrium in 180 min. The adsorption kinetic model and isothermal adsorption model of As(V) by acid-modified BOF slag showed that the chemical adsorption was the limiting step.The FTIR and XPS analysis results showed that the silicate and ferrite in the acid-modified slag could remove As(V)in the solution by ion exchange to form an arsenate precipitate. Therefore, modified BOF slag can be used as a potential adsorbent for large scale arsenic polluted waterbody to realize the ecological utilization of industrial solid waste.

Recovery of iron from copper slag via modified roasting in CO-CO2 mixed gas and magnetic separation

A novel technology,modified roasting in CO-CO2 mixed gas and magnetic separation,was presented to recover iron from copper slag.The effects of various parameters such as dosage of flux(CaO),gas flowrate of CO and CO2,roasting temperature,roasting time,particle size of modified slag and magnetic flux density on the oxidized modification and magnetic separation were investigated by comparison of the X-ray diffraction patterns and iron recovery ratio.The optimum conditions for recovering iron by oxidizing roasting and magnetic separation are as follows:calcium oxide content of 25 wt.%,mixed gas flow rates of CO2 and CO of 180 and 20 mL/min,oxidizing roasting at 1323 K for 2 h,grinding the modified slag to 38.5-25.0μm and magnetic separation at 170 mT.The mineralogical and microstructural characteristics of modified slag revealed that the iron-bearing minerals in the copper slag were oxidized,the generated magnetite grew into large particles,and the silicate in copper slag was combined with calcium oxide to form calcium silicate.Finally,the iron-bearing concentrate with an iron grade of 54.79%and iron recovery ratio of 80.14%was effectively obtained.