Quantitative Comparison of Modular Linear Permanent Magnet Vernier Machines with and without Partitioned Primary

A comparison of two modular linear permanent-magnet vernier(LPMV)machines is presented.A modular LPMV machine with a partitioned primary,which can significantly improve the modulation effect,is proposed.Benefitting from the partition design,the space conflict between the permanent magnet(PM)and the armature magnetic field is relieved.First,the topologies of modular LPMV machines with and without a partitioned primary are presented.Then,the effect of the partitioned primary on the modular LPMV machine is analyzed using flux modulation theory.Moreover,analytical expressions for the trapezoidal permeance are derived.In addition,the harmonic components,back electromotive forces,and thrust forces of the machines with and without the partitioned primary are comparatively analyzed.The results reveal that the thrust force density of the LPMV machine with a partitioned primary is increased by 32.3%.Finally,experiments are performed on a prototype machine for validation.

Modularity Techniques in High Performance Permanent Magnet Machines and Applications

This paper reviews the modularity techniques in the stator manufacture of permanent magnet machines for different applications.Some basic concepts of modular machines are firstly introduced.Modular machines for several typical applications are then described in details,including domestic appliances,automobiles and electric vehicles,more electric aircrafts and civic applications,wind power generators,etc.Besides,the influence of manufacture tolerance gaps and flux barriers on the electromagnetic performance is discussed.

New Topologies of High Torque Density Machine Based on Magnetic Field Modulation Principle

With the increasing demand for high torque density in motors,more and more new topologies emerge.Furthermore,the magnetic field modulation principle is widely concerned and has evolved into an effective analysis method for studying the new motor topology.This paper introduces the principle of magnetic field modulation.And the research on high torque density in recent years is reviewed from the perspective of magnetic field modulation,including permanent magnet vernier machine(PMVM),flux reverse machine(FRM),flux switching machine(FSM),dual permanent magnet(DPM)machine,and DC biased machine.The principle of magnetic field modulation makes it possible to propose higher torque density topologies in the future.

Reduction of Unipolar Leakage Flux and Torque Ripple in Consequent-pole PM Vernier Machine

This paper proposes a new consequent-pole permanent magnet vernier machine(CPMVM),which can be regarded as a combination of two conventional CPMVM with opposite polarities.Based on the simplified axial magnetic circuit model,it is verified that the proposed CPMVM can reduce the unipolar leakage flux.In order to reduce the torque ripple of machine and improve the output torque of machine,the flux barrier is placed on the rotor of the proposed machine.Then,the parameters of the proposed CPMVM are optimized and determined.Moreover,the electromagnetic performance,including no-load air-gap flux density,average torque and torque ripple,flux linkage,back-electromotive force,cogging torque,average torque,torque ripple,power factor and loss,is compared with conventional surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier machine(SPMVM)and CPMVM.Finally,it is demonstrated that proposed CPMVM with flux barrier can effectively reduce the unipolar leakage flux and greatly reduce the torque ripple of machine.Also,compared with the SPMVM,the proposed CPMVM with flux barrier saves more than 45%of the permanent magnet material without reducing output torque.

A high torque dual 3-phase permanent magnet vernier machine with strong fault-tolerance

The field modulation effect has been proposed and investigated in various electric machine topologies.Among them,permanent magnet vernier machines(PMVMs)have attained intensive research due to the high torque density and simple structure.However,the performance of PMVMs in terms of fault tolerance is seldom mentioned.This article proposes a novel dual 3-phase fault-tolerant PMVM with segregated concentric windings.Benefiting from the field modulation effect,the PMVM can generate high torque with low PM flux.The low PM flux also implies small fault currents in the short-circuit case.Therefore,the PMVM exhibits inherent good fault-tolerant capability without sacrificing torque performance.Two independent 3-phase modular winding sets are adopted to improve redundancy.To realize the physical and electrical isolation,each winding set is controlled by a standard 3-phase inverter.The healthy performance and fault tolerance of the proposed machine are evaluated by finite element analysis and verified by experimental tests.The results infer its advantages in healthy conditions and various fault scenarios,including open-circuit,short-circuit,and interturn short-circuit conditions.

Analytical Solution of a Fractional-slot Double-layer-winding Open-slot Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine with Tooth Tips

An analytical solution(ANA)for a fractional-slot double-layer-winding open-slot vernier permanent magnet(VPM)machine with tooth tips is presented.Magnetic vector potential equations are analytically solved using the technique of variable separation in four subdomains in a two-dimensional polar coordinate system.Based on the solved magnetic vector potential,the flux density distribution,torque,flux linkage,inductance,electromotive force(EMF)and power factor are analytically developed.An 18-slot/32-rotor-pole prototype is analyzed,and the results match well with the finite element analysis(FEA),which validates that the ANA consumes less time than FEA.Therefore,the tooth tips are optimized using the ANA to improve the average torque.Moreover,the ANA can be used to evaluate the demagnetization withstand capabilities of permanent magnets.The material utilization,slot-filling factor,EMF,and torque are compared between the models with three and four subdomains.Finally,an experimental prototype is constructed and tested,and the results validate the ANA.

AN ANALYSIS OF AXISYMMETRIC MAGNETIC FIELD OF LINEAR OSCILLATION MOTOR

In this paper, using axial field finite analysis method, the field of a movable core type linear oscillation motor is analyzed. The program of axial field finite analysis is worked out. Using this program, we analyze various fields, including the field excited by permanent magnet materials, the field by two coils respectively, and the fields with the core moving to various positions.

基于谐波注入分段供电永磁直线同步电机变流器开路推力波动抑制

该文提出一种电流谐波注入的方法,减小长定子分段并联供电永磁直线同步电机系统的驱动变流器发生单相开路故障下电机推力波动。首先,根据动子在定子段的位置,推导出分段单元电机的电压方程,得到各个单元电机的推力表达式和系统总推力。然后,依据变流器单相开路前后的全耦合状态下单元电机基波磁动势不变的原则,构造降阶坐标变换矩阵,得到电机的电压方程和推力表达式。采用注入谐波电流、优化故障后直线电机的输出推力的方式,消除变流器单相开路故障产生的4次和6次推力谐波并消除耦合因数变化对电机推力影响;通过多变流器协同控制多单元电机,有效降低变流器单相开路故障后的推力波动,提高电机的最大输出推力。仿真和实验验证该方法的有效性。

模块化永磁直线同步电机考虑制造公差的推力鲁棒性优化

模块化永磁直线同步电机(MPMLSM)具有效率与推力密度高、可靠性和可加工性好等优点,非常适用于长行程运输系统;缺点是批量生产中性能易受到加工公差的影响。针对这一问题,该文提出了一种考虑制造公差的综合多目标鲁棒优化设计方法。首先,基于六西格玛设计方法建立了鲁棒优化模型;其次,采用拉丁超立方采样方法在尺寸公差范围内根据正态分布规律进行抽样,模拟大规模生产时电机尺寸受公差影响可能会出现的各种变化;再次,在尺寸优化范围内均匀抽样构成足够的训练样本,由有限元软件仿真这些抽样方案的推力性能,并基于反向传播神经网络建立电机设计代理模型;然后,应用该代理模型对拉丁超立方采样得到的样本进行电机性能的计算,求解样本整体对应的各优化目标的均值与方差,进而计算多目标优化的适应度;最后,采用非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ进行全局优化,得到鲁棒优化方案,与不考虑公差的确定性优化方案相比,验证了该方法的有效性。鲁棒优化方案虽然略微增加了电机体积和推力波动,但是其失效概率低,受公差影响小,更加符合产品批量生产过程中的质量要求。

基于混合介质网格的表贴式永磁游标电机通用等效磁网络模型

为了更加快速准确地分析表贴式永磁游标电机的电磁特性与参数,提出一种通用等效磁网络模型。该模型的关键在于引入混合介质网格,可将调制齿区域沿周向剖分成相同大小的网格单元,实现对表贴式永磁游标电机调制齿区域的通用建模。同时,此通用等效磁网络模型还确定了定子和气隙的节点连接关系,避免传统等效磁网络模型因瞬态仿真导致的两者节点不规则连接问题,降低仿真误差。此外,考虑到定子极靴存在局部磁饱和现象,文中根据其拓扑结构和磁通密度分布,将定子极靴剖分成3个部分,并细分磁饱和区域,进一步提高模型精度。最后,利用此通用等效磁网络模型计算表贴式永磁游标电机的部分电磁性能,包括气隙磁密,磁链,反电势和转矩,并通过比较计算结果、有限元分析结果以及实验结果的误差,验证所提出模型的有效性和精确性。

定子间隙宽度对拼块式永磁电机电磁性能的影响

为探究定子间隙宽度对不同槽极配置及不同拼块式结构永磁电机电磁性能的影响,通过有限元仿真软件建立12槽10极和12槽14极定子一体式、E型拼块式、C型拼块式永磁电机的仿真模型,通过改变定子间隙宽度,得出定子间隙宽度与各电磁性能间的关系,并进行理论分析验证。结果表明:12槽10极电机更适合采用C型2 mm/4 mm拼块式结构降低齿槽转矩和转矩脉动;12槽14极电机更适合采用E型4 mm拼块式结构提高输出转矩或采用C型2 mm降低齿槽转矩和转矩脉动。

短初级永磁同步直线电机推力波动优化

带辅助极式短初级永磁同步电机理论上可通过优化电机结构,实现辅助极定位力与电枢定位力相互抵消,达到保持高推力的同时降低推力波动的目的。但永磁同步直线电机(permanent magnet linear synchronous motor,PMLSM)待优化参数多,其电磁非线性的特征增加了优化的难度和工作量。为提升优化效率,课题组提出了一种帕累托(Pareto)蚁群优化算法(ant colony optimization,ACO)。Pareto ACO采用可变信息素挥发系数替代传统的固定挥发系数,使全局搜索速度与局部搜索速度更快;通过与同类多目标算法的3种测试函数处理结果作比较,得出Pareto ACO的性能更优越;利用Pareto ACO对带辅助极式短初级永磁同步直线电机槽口宽度、辅助极宽度和永磁体宽度等结构尺寸进行多目标优化。优化结果表明该算法可有效节省永磁体材料,降低推力波动,实验验证了该算法的有效性。

基于系统误差辨识的波浪发电系统功率优化

针对复杂工况下运行的直驱式波浪发电系统,考虑模型不匹配,设计滑模观测器在线检测建模误差;应用系统辨识技术进行误差拟合,减少在线计算量;随后将传递函数转为状态空间,建立更精确的水动力方程以设计后续策略,降低模型失配影响;基于变分法构造能量泛函,求解泛函极值获得最优控制律,经滤波估计系统运动速度,采用空间矢量脉冲宽度调制技术跟踪控制理想电流,提高发电系统功率捕获能力。仿真结果表明,所提方案动态性能好、鲁棒性强、观测精度高,可有效提高系统存在建模误差时的波能捕获能力,输出能量增加,输出平均功率提升。

基于深度神经网络的永磁直线电机仿真与优化

针对永磁直线同步电机(permanent magnet linear synchronous machine,PMLSM)有限元仿真模型的计算时间长,不能直观地显示结构参数与输出推力的关系,无法指导电机结构参数优化等问题,提出基于子域解析法和深度神经网络算法的PMLSM改进仿真模型,根据麦克斯韦方程组计算得到电机的磁通密度、空载反电势等性能数据,结合深度神经网络算法拟合出电机结构参数与输出推力的非线性关系。基于此模型,使用自适应遗传算法对PMLSM的推力密度进行优化,并与有限元仿真结果对比。结果表明:PMLSM改进仿真模型的计算速度是有限元模型的87.1倍,推力计算结果与有限元结果的平均误差为2.87%,优化后的电机推力密度提高了5.7%。

环形和分布绕组永磁游标直线电机性能对比分析

针对分布绕组永磁游标直线电机端部重叠导致端部过长、质量过重、电机效率过低的问题,提出一种环形绕组永磁游标直线电机。首先,介绍了永磁游标直线电机的工作原理和基本结构;然后,基于有限元分析,将环形绕组永磁游标直线电机的平均推力、推重比、效率、功率因数等性能与分布绕组永磁游标直线电机进行比较;结果表明,相较于分布绕组,环形绕组永磁游标电机的绕组长度缩短了18.7%,端部漏抗降低了41.5%、推重比提高了19%,电机效率提高了4.2%,同时减少了电机铜耗与体积,更具有工程应用价值。

新能源农机用双永磁游标电机的模型预测电流控制

模块化双永磁游标电机兼具高转矩密度和低铁耗,适用于低速大转矩的直驱应用领域。针对新能源农机用模块化双永磁游标电机控制系统存在的转矩脉动大、电流谐波多和转速波动大等问题,提出一种基于改进式模型预测电流控制策略。相比于传统模型预测电流控制,提出的控制策略采用双矢量模型预测电流控制,在每个控制周期内可同时选择2个任意电压矢量组合作用,扩大了电压矢量的选择和幅值调节范围,可进行更准确的电流控制。同时,考虑系统延迟,在预测控制中加入电流延迟补偿环节。仿真结果表明,所提的控制策略可有效减小转矩脉动、电流谐波和转速波动,提升系统的控制性能。

永磁同步电机弱磁转矩响应速度提升策略

弱磁控制技术能够有效地拓宽永磁同步电机运行速度范围,因此对永磁同步电机弱磁控制的研究具有重要意义。大多弱磁控制通过单一的PI环节修正弱磁电流指令,其响应速度较慢,难以满足高性能的控制需求,且由于弱磁环的高耦合、非线性,PI参数整定困难。针对以上不足提出一种折算查表的方法作为前馈加入到控制系统中,加快了弱磁调节的速度;同时采用增益线性化的方法,通过分析不同工作点处小信号模型的变化,解决了通过经验整定的弱磁环控制器的固定PI参数无法应对工作点变化的问题,从而提高了系统的稳定性和准确性。最后根据仿真和实验验证了改进的方法,能够有效提升弱磁控制的性能。

一种提高Modular定子绕组永磁同步发电机感应电动势的新方法

针对Modular定子绕组永磁同步发电机,利用其线圈绕在定子齿上的特点,采用不等槽距的方法,改变线圈正负边的跨度,达到优化永磁同步电机感应电动势幅值目的。仿真结果表明,优化后电机的感应电动势幅值提高了1%,并且保持了模块化,具有齿槽转矩小、谐波含量较小等优点。在保持输出电动势不变的情况下,可以将绕组线圈数目或电机轴向长度减小1%,从而提高电机的材料利用率。

Modeling and Analysis of Spoke-Type Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine Based on Equivalent Magnetic Network Method

In this paper,a new equivalent magnetic network(EMN)model is established for a spoke-type permanent magnet(PM)vernier(PMV)machine.Two different modeling methods are proposed for different parts of the PMV machine,considering that their magnetic field distributions are quite different.Hierarchical modeling method is proposed for the modeling of the rotor as the magnetic intensity of the rotor iron core presents gradient distribution along the radial direction.Mesh based reluctance network method is used for the modeling of flux modulation poles with irregular and unstable magnetic field distributions.Moreover,accurate PM leakage permeance calculation formulae are deduced to improve the simulation precision.The electromagnetic parameters,such as flux linkage,back electromagnetic force,electromagnetic torque and iron loss are predicted by the proposed EMN model.Finally,finite element analysis(FEA)and experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

轮辐式游标永磁电机分析与多目标优化设计

为了削弱磁位波动效应对轮辐式游标永磁电机转矩性能的影响,首先研究磁位波动效应产生机理,基于等效磁路模型推导出空载气隙磁密的解析模型,分析其对气隙磁场调制效果的抑制作用,并利用有限元法验证了转子磁动势和气隙磁密解析模型的准确性。其次,提出了一种基于参数灵敏度分层的多目标优化设计方法,通过综合灵敏度分析法对设计变量空间进行分层降维,根据灵敏度层次选用针对性的优化设计方法,构建出具有高精度的电机性能代理模型。以此为基础,运用多目标遗传优化算法对电机转矩密度、齿槽转矩和转矩波动等进行综合优化设计。最终确定优选设计方案,并通过有限元法验算优化设计的有效性,结果显示,优化后齿槽转矩由28.5 mN·m降至10.3 mN·m,转矩波动由4.9%降至1.6%,平均转矩由0.68 N·m提升至0.83 N·m,电机的输出转矩性能与品质均得到有效提升。