Parametric Design of Modular Fixture Structure

Based on an example of its typical structure, the concept of modular fixture structure module is presented, and the structure module system of modular fixture is summarized. Then the parametric design of structure is discussed, and its advantages are also emphasized.Furthermore, some specific methods are provided, such as the selection of fixture components, the determination and input of parameters, drawing representative model,and the creation of drawing. Finally an applied example of strcture parametric design is presented.

Modularized and Parametric Modeling Technology for Finite Element Simulations of Underground Engineering under Complicated Geological Conditions

The surrounding geological conditions and supporting structures of underground engineering are often updated during construction,and these updates require repeated numerical modeling.To improve the numerical modeling efficiency of underground engineering,a modularized and parametric modeling cloud server is developed by using Python codes.The basic framework of the cloud server is as follows:input the modeling parameters into the web platform,implement Rhino software and FLAC3D software to model and run simulations in the cloud server,and return the simulation results to the web platform.The modeling program can automatically generate instructions that can run the modeling process in Rhino based on the input modeling parameters.The main modules of the modeling program include modeling the 3D geological structures,the underground engineering structures,and the supporting structures as well as meshing the geometric models.In particular,various cross-sections of underground caverns are crafted as parametricmodules in themodeling program.Themodularized and parametric modeling program is used for a finite element simulation of the underground powerhouse of the Shuangjiangkou Hydropower Station.This complicatedmodel is rapidly generated for the simulation,and the simulation results are reasonable.Thus,this modularized and parametric modeling program is applicable for three-dimensional finite element simulations and analyses.

Detecting and describing the modular structures of weighted networks

In the functional properties of complex networks, modules play a central role. In this paper, we propose a new method to detect and describe the modular structures of weighted networks. In order to test the proposed method, as an example, we use our method to analyse the structural properties of the Chinese railway network. Here, the stations are regarded as the nodes and the track sections are regarded as the links. Rigorous analysis of the existing data shows that using the proposed algorithm, the nodes of network can be classified naturally. Moreover, there are several core nodes in each module. Remarkably, we introduce the correlation function Grs, and use it to distinguish the different modules in weighted networks.

Investigation on Effects of Mooring Line Fractures and Connector Failures for A Hybrid Modular Floating Structure System

The present work reports a Hybrid Modular Floating Structure(HMFS)system with typical malfunction conditions.The effects of both fractured mooring lines and failed connectors on main hydrodynamic responses(mooring line tensions,module motions,connector loads and wave power production)of the HMFS system under typical sea con-ditions are comparatively investigated.The results indicate that the mooring tension distribution,certain module motions(surge,sway and yaw)and connector loads(Mz)are significantly influenced by mooring line fractures.The adjacent mooring line of the fractured line on the upstream side suffers the largest tension among the remaining mooring lines,and the case with two fractured mooring lines in the same group on the upstream side is the most dangerous among all cases of two-line failures in view of mooring line tensions,module motions and connector loads.There-fore,one emergency strategy with appropriate relaxation of a proper mooring line has been proposed and proved effective to reduce the risk of more progressive mooring line fractures.In addition,connector failures substantially affect certain module motions(heave and pitch),certain connector loads(Fz and My)and wave power production.The present work can be helpful and instructive for studies on malfunction conditions of modular floating structure(MFS)systems.

The Geometry of Felix Escrig. Simplified ModellingTechniques for Modular Deployable Structures ofExpandable Frames

This paper catalogues the morphology of modular deployable structures of expandable frames developed by the late Felix Escrig at the University of Seville, Spain. The research describes the geometric logic behind these structures, proposes simplified graphic methods for their design, and outlines their characteristics according to their level of geometric precision, structural stability and deployability. Finally, the paper establishes tools and guidelines for their future development.

Application Strategies of Modular Design in Assembled Teaching Buildings

As an efficient,environmentally friendly,energy-saving construction method,assembled buildings are now widely used in campus building construction.Modular design thinking is system-based design thinking,and its application to the design of an assembled teaching building project will comprehensively improve the rationality of the teaching building and component design.The paper focuses on the application of modular design thinking in assembled teaching building design,aiming to provide references for China’s architectural design units,giving full play to the advantages of modular design thinking in future teaching building design projects,and enhancing the level of design,for the construction of the teaching building and the basis of the technical guarantee.

Structural Carpentry in Qing Dynasty-A Framework for the Hierarchically Modularized Chinese Timber Structural Design

This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber architecture.The Qing′s grand style timber structure, which is ready for prefabrication and assembly, is extremely hierarchical oriented and significantly standardized. The general procedure in designing a grand style timber structure is to start with the grade that defines the basic module (dou kou); next comes with the number of bracket set (cuan), the number of longitudinal bays and the number of purlins which affect its plan and cross section; thirdly choose a roof type that determines its longitudinal section and the facade as well. A series of formulae are conducted to help depict the layout, cross sectional roof curvature and special longitudinal treatments in 4 sloped and 9 spined roofs respectively.

Tekla Structures软件在油气田地面工程加工设计中的应用

为提高油气田地面工程建设质量和效率,工程详细设计完成后进行加工设计十分必要。文章结合中石化胜利油建工程有限公司在伊朗和加纳的油气田地面工程项目,详细介绍了应用Tekla Structures软件进行钢结构加工设计的优越性和具体做法。该软件能快捷、准确地创建结构3D模型,且自动生成所需的图纸和各种精确报表,便于发现加工设计中的问题从而进一步优化设计,对节约工程成本和缩短工期具有重要意义。

Topology optimization of modular structures with multiple assemblies and applications to airborne shelves

This work is devoted to the aeronautical application of topology optimization for modular structures with multiple assemblies that consist of repeated standard modules and optional reinforcements.These kinds of structures are widely used owing to their transportability,reconfigurability,low manufacturing and service costs.In this work,the design of airborne shelves with modular structures characterized by the standard module configuration is formulated for the first time as a topology optimization problem of multiple assemblies and multiple load cases subjected to the volume constraint.It is shown that the weighted compliance design of multiple assemblies is a compromising solution compared to the optimization result of each individual assembly of standard modules.Meanwhile,the performance of optimized airborne shelves with the modular structures can effectively be ameliorated with the help of reinforcements.

Very long wave infrared quantum cascade detector based on modular band structure

The optoelectronic performance of quantum cascade detectors(QCDs)is highly sensitive to the design of the energy level structure,leading to the inability of a single structure to achieve broad wavelength tuning.To address this issue,we propose and demonstrate a modular concept for very long wave infrared(VLWIR)QCDs based on a miniband diagonal transition scheme.The modular design makes the wavelength tuning only need to be adjusted for the absorption quantum well module rather than for the whole active region.Theoretical simulation shows that the wavelength tuning range is 39.6 meV(~14–30μm).To prove the feasibility of the scheme,three samples with different absorption well widths were fabricated and characterized.At 10 K,the response wavelengths of the three QCDs are 14,16,and 18μm,respectively,corresponding to responsivities and detectivities exceeding 2 mA/W and 1×10^(10)Jones.

Research on Community Structure in Bus Transport Networks

We abstract the bus transport networks(BTNs)to two kinds of complex networks with space L and spaceP methods respectively.Using improved community detecting algorithm(PKM agglomerative algorithm),we analyzethe community property of two kinds of BTNs graphs.The results show that the BTNs graph described with space Lmethod have obvious community property,but the other kind of BTNs graph described with space P method have not.The reason is that the BTNs graph described with space P method have the intense overlapping community propertyand general community division algorithms can not identify this kind of community structure.To overcome this problem,we propose a novel community structure called N-depth community and present a corresponding community detectingalgorithm,which can detect overlapping community.Applying the novel community structure and detecting algorithmto a BTN evolution model described with space P,whose network property agrees well with real BTNs',we get obviouscommunity property.

Modular flexible“Tetris”microsatellite platform based on sandwich assembly mode

In this paper,a flexible modular“Tetris”microsatellite platform is studied to implement the rapid integration and assembly of microsatellites.The proposed microsatellite platform is fulfilled based on a sandwich assembly mode which consists of the isomorphic module structure and the standard mechanical-electric-data-thermal interfaces.The advantages of the sandwich assembly mode include flexible reconfiguration and efficient assembly.The prototype of the sandwich assembly mode is built for verifying the performance and the feasibility of the proposed mechanical-electric-data-thermal interfaces.Finally,an assembly case is accomplished to demonstrate the validity and advantages of the proposed“Tetris”microsatellite platform.

新型承插式螺栓连接柱-柱节点抗拉性能研究

为实现模块化钢结构单元房间的上下连接,提出一种新型承插式螺栓连接柱-柱节点,以有无注浆、承插深度为参数设计并制作3个足尺节点试件,并对其进行抗拉试验,分析了各节点的破坏形态、应变分布以及承载能力等,探讨了该新型节点的抗拉性能.建立了数值分析模型,进行了轴拉荷载作用下的受力性能参数化分析,研究了承插深度、螺栓直径及内套筒厚度对节点抗拉承载力的影响.基于高强螺栓的抗剪承载力,提出了适用于该新型节点的抗拉承载力计算公式.研究结果表明:该新型节点可将轴向拉力有效传递至高强螺栓,试件破坏时均出现高强螺栓群被剪断,灌浆节点试件发生破坏时,出现钢材与灌浆料界面的黏结破坏及螺栓周围局部灌浆料的压碎;高强螺栓群在拉力荷载作用下呈端部螺栓受剪较大、中心螺栓受剪较小的分布,试件破坏时,各螺栓承受的剪力趋于相等;灌浆节点与无浆节点相比,灌浆料与高强螺栓协同工作性能良好,弹性阶段最大摩擦力平均值提高64.4%,极限抗拉承载力提高14.1%;承插深度由300 mm增至500 mm,节点极限抗拉承载力提高80.9%;承插深度和螺栓直径对节点抗拉承载力影响较大,内套筒厚度对节点抗拉承载力的影响较小;根据提出的节点抗拉承载力计算公式得到的计算值与有限元模拟值吻合良好.

新型模块化钢结构插入式连接节点受力性能研究

为推广钢结构集成模块在高层建筑及抗震设防区域的应用,提出了一种具有附加耗能的新型全装配模块化钢结构插入式连接节点,节点采用T型连接件代替传统焊接连接实现模块单元全装配,连接件与摩擦板进行相对滑移提供附加耗能。根据节点受力及变形机理,推导其初始转动刚度理论公式。建立半装配与全装配模块化钢结构插入式连接节点的精细化数值模型,对比分析两种节点的滞回曲线、耗能能力及应力应变分布规律。结果表明,全装配插入式节点具有饱满的类平行四边形滞回曲线,其初始转动刚度理论计算值与数值结果吻合良好,有效验证了节点刚度公式的准确性。与半装配插入式节点相比,全装配插入式节点最大承载力降低约26.59%,整体能量耗散系数最大增加约70.06%,可通过T型连接件将塑性损伤转移至预设区域,保护主要构件并实现损伤可控,显著提高节点的抗震性能。

模块化浮动平台非线性动力学响应特性研究

非线性耦合运动引起的共振效应是海洋平台设计中需重要考虑的因素,本文针对模块化浮动平台的非线性动力学响应特性开展研究。首先,考虑浮体运动对其恢复力系数和浮力的影响,建立单个箱式浮体的非线性耦合动力学模型,并开展水槽实验验证该数值模型的可靠性。其次,基于刚性模块柔性连接器(RMFC)模型,构建模块化浮动平台的非线性广义动力学模型。最后,采用通过实验验证的数值模型对两模块浮动平台开展动力学响应特性分析,揭示平台失稳发生的机理,探索失稳问题的解决方案。研究结果表明:合理设置连接器的横向或垂向刚度能够有效解决由于参数共振而引发的横摇失稳问题。

模块化建筑阵列多调谐质量阻尼系统的实现与减震研究

基于建筑模块化和悬挂楼板减震的原理提出了悬挂楼板模块体系(modularized suspended floors system,MSFS)。利用楼板作为质量块,组成分布阵列式多调谐质量阻尼器(distributed array multiple tuned mass dampers,d-array-MTMDs)系统。通过输入32条远场和近场地震动记录进行时程分析,对平均调谐频率比η、调谐频带宽度系数β、调谐阻尼比ζ_(T)、TMD数量n以及主结构层数N,共5个参数展开研究。结果表明:d-array-MTMDs的减震效果优于普通MTMDs系统;ζ_(T)对系统减震性能影响较小,当η为0.7~1.0、β为2.0时,系统具有更好的减震效果;当n大于某阈值时,系统的减震效果趋于稳定,阈值与η线性正相关,与ζ_(T)非线性负相关。随着模块建筑层数的增加,系统也能维持较好的减震效果。

灌浆插筋式模块钢结构连接节点力学性能试验研究

针对模块钢结构建筑间的连接问题,提出了一种新型的由钢筋与CGM灌浆料组成的灌浆插筋式模块钢结构连接节点形式,并采用试验和理论分析的方法,对节点柱的轴压性能、轴拉性能和抗弯性能进行了深入研究,提出了相应的承载力计算方法.研究结果表明:①在轴向压力作用下,此节点上下两侧空钢管发生屈曲破坏,轴压承载力约为钢管截面屈服承载力的97%,表明此节点具有较好的抗压承载能力;不同钢筋直径试件的荷载-位移曲线基本一致,表明节点的抗压承载力与钢筋直径无关;②在轴向拉力作用下,试件在节点的连接缝隙处发生分离,灌浆料表面呈现了斜向裂缝;在钢筋直径为14~18 mm的范围内,构件的极限抗拉承载力为钢管极限承载力的28%~32%,并且随着钢筋直径的增大,试件的极限抗拉承载力增大、延性减小;③在弯矩作用下,试件一侧受拉、另一侧受压,在节点的连接缝隙处钢管发生分离,受拉区灌浆料形成斜向裂缝;在钢筋直径为14~18 mm的范围内,构件的抗弯承载力为钢管承载力的37%~47%,并且随着钢筋直径的增大,试件的极限抗拉承载力增大、延性减小,试件的屈服位移和极限位移均增大.

问题导向的“钢结构设计原理”课堂理论教学改革

“钢结构设计原理”是道路桥路与渡河工程专业的核心专业课程,扎实提升课堂理论教学效率和效果是该课程教学改革的重要任务和目标。细致分析“钢结构设计原理”的课程内容特点以及由此导致学生学习过程中存在的问题,有针对性地提出从多层次网格模块化教学内容、建立“思维主线”、引入真实工程案例、坚持精确理论推导与定性分析相结合、开展课程横向比较等方面开展课堂理论教学改革,进而从根本上提升课堂理论教学的效率与效果。

全模块化铝制天桥下部结构设计与力学分析

为了解决目前现存人行天桥桥墩设计过于保守,未能充分利用铝合金材料自重轻的优点,以及城市管网密集布设导致的城市地下结构施工困难等问题,结合钢材和混凝土2种材料的特性,采用钢材降低桥墩材料用量,并采用灌浆套筒、预埋件和螺栓锚固的连接方式,提出一种具有轻量化、模块化、拼装简单的新型全模块化铝制天桥桥墩;通过与传统独柱式桥墩对比,分析结构的力学性能,对桥墩的承载力水平、基础对土体的影响范围等方面进行研究。有限元数值分析结果表明,新型结构的承载能力高于传统结构,在减少材料消耗的基础上保证了结构的可靠性;基础的数值模拟结果表明,微型群桩承台基础对土层的影响范围小于桩柱式基础,有利于减小施工时城市管网造成的施工困难。

《营造法式》小木作制度中的“芙蓉瓣”或“壸门”之模数意义探微

基于对《营造法式》小木作制度与小木作功限的反复阅读,对其中的佛道帐、转轮经藏、壁藏等小木作营造中出现的“芙蓉瓣”一词加以梳理分析,认为宋代小木作中暗含了某种模数化体系。并且注意到长度为1.2尺与0.66尺的芙蓉瓣,分别是佛道帐与转轮经藏及壁藏之设计与营造中使用的模数单位长度。进一步分析,又发现牙脚帐坐“每一尺作一壸门,下施龟脚,合对铺作”做法中,可能存在长度为1.0尺的模数单位。在此基础上,又通过面广与进深尺寸及补间铺作数,推测出九脊小帐中亦可能存在长度为0.8尺的模数单位,而平面为曲尺形的壁帐中,则可能暗含长度为1.0尺的模数单位。以上可为揭示宋代小木作制品的设计与营造中巧妙的内在模数与造型韵律提供帮助。