This paper proposes a single-ended fault detection scheme for long transmission lines using support vector machine(SVM)for multi-terminal direct current systems based on modular multilevel converter(MMC-MTDC).The sche...This paper proposes a single-ended fault detection scheme for long transmission lines using support vector machine(SVM)for multi-terminal direct current systems based on modular multilevel converter(MMC-MTDC).The scheme overcomes existing detection difficulties in the protection of long transmission lines resulting from high grounding resistance and attenuation,and also avoids the sophisticated process of threshold value selection.The high-frequency components in the measured voltage extracted by a wavelet transform and the amplitude of the zero-mode set of the positive-sequence voltage are the inputs to a trained SVM.The output of the SVM determines the fault type.A model of a four-terminal DC power grid with overhead transmission lines is built in PSCAD/EMTDC.Simulation results of EMTDC confirm that the proposed scheme achieves 100%accuracy in detecting short-circuit faults with high resistance on long transmission lines.The proposed scheme eliminates mal-operation of DC circuit breakers when faced with power order changes or AC-side faults.Its robustness and time delay are also assessed and shown to have no perceptible effect on the speed and accuracy of the detection scheme,thus ensuring its reliability and stability.展开更多
Multi-terminal direct current(MTDC)grids provide the possibility of meshed interconnections between regional power systems and various renewable energy resources to boost supply reliability and economy.The modular mul...Multi-terminal direct current(MTDC)grids provide the possibility of meshed interconnections between regional power systems and various renewable energy resources to boost supply reliability and economy.The modular multilevel converter(MMC)has become the basic building block for MTDC and DC grids due to its salient features,i.e.,modularity and scalability.Therefore,the MMC-based MTDC systems should be pervasively embedded into the present power system to improve system performance.However,several technical challenges hamper their practical applications and deployment,including modeling,control,and protection of the MMC-MTDC grids.This paper presents a comprehensive investigation and reference in modeling,control,and protection of the MMC-MTDC grids.A general overview of state-of-the-art modeling techniques of the MMC along with their performance in simulation analysis for MTDC applications is provided.A review of control strategies of the MMC-MTDC grids which provide AC system support is presented.State-of-the art protection techniques of the MMCMTDC systems are also investigated.Finally,the associated research challenges and trends are highlighted.展开更多
基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统...基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统易发生振荡失稳现象。首先,建立了直驱风电场经MMC-HVDC并网送端系统的小扰动线性化模型,分析了风场有功输出对系统稳定性的影响。然后,建立了MMC及风机并网变流器交流侧dq阻抗模型,从阻抗角度揭示了送端系统振荡失稳机理。进一步,提出了基于MMC交流电压控制外环q轴附加阻尼的振荡抑制策略,可满足系统满功率范围内的运行稳定性要求。最后,基于全比例模型的仿真结果验证了所提振荡抑制策略的有效性。展开更多
首先介绍在远距离大容量输电场合,3种基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的高压直流输电(high voltage direct current,HVDC)拓扑及其处理直流故障的方法:基于半桥子模块(half bridge sub-module,HBSM)的HMMC-H...首先介绍在远距离大容量输电场合,3种基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的高压直流输电(high voltage direct current,HVDC)拓扑及其处理直流故障的方法:基于半桥子模块(half bridge sub-module,HBSM)的HMMC-HVDC跳换流站交流侧断路器,基于箝位双子模块(clamp double sub-module,CDSM)的CMMCHVDC通过换流器控制实现直流侧故障自清除,以及基于电网换相换流器(line commutated converter,LCC)和MMC的混合拓扑在MMC直流出口处加装大功率二极管(LCC-D-MMC-HVDC)。然后,在由MMC-HVDC和交流线路构成的交直流并列简化系统中,基于等面积法则,对上述3种直流故障处理方法的暂态过程进行理论分析,并提出评价指标。最后通过仿真验证了分析结果。展开更多
This paper investigates a control and protection strategy for a four-terminal modular multilevel converter(MMC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system under a converter-side AC fault.Based on the system operatin...This paper investigates a control and protection strategy for a four-terminal modular multilevel converter(MMC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system under a converter-side AC fault.Based on the system operating condition,a control and protection strategy against the fault with normal blocking of the converter is proposed.In practical,applications encountering such a fault,the MMC at the fault side may experience different conditions of blocking failure.The blocking failures may occur on:①the whole converter;②one converter arm;③one sub-module(SM)/several SMs of one converter arm;④other conditions.The phenomenon of the multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)system following the fault is analyzed under the first three conditions with real-time simulations using the real-time digital simulator(RTDS).Based on the impact of different conditions on the MTDC system,the necessity of utilizing special control and protection is discussed.A special control and protection strategy is proposed for emergency conditions,and its effectiveness is verified by real-time simulation results.展开更多
针对模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)高压直流输电技术(high voltage direct current,HVDC)受端交流系统故障引起的直流过电压问题,文中提出一种基于晶闸管的模块化组合式直流泄能装置拓扑及协调控制方法。该直...针对模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)高压直流输电技术(high voltage direct current,HVDC)受端交流系统故障引起的直流过电压问题,文中提出一种基于晶闸管的模块化组合式直流泄能装置拓扑及协调控制方法。该直流泄能拓扑包括模块化分布式泄能部分、限流电抗器和集中式泄能电阻3部分,对子模块工作模式进行设计,提出可避免直流泄能装置反复投切的弹性调节泄能的协调控制策略,推导直流泄能装置功率控制及其内部电气耦合关系,给出泄能装置元件参数的设计方法。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC搭建MMC-HVDC及所提出的直流泄能装置模型,研究单相和三相接地故障下直流泄能装置的特性及直流过电压抑制效果。结果表明,所提直流泄能装置在协调控制策略下能够分阶段弹性调节泄能功率,有效抑制直流过电压,并有利于故障后的快速恢复。展开更多
柔性直流输电技术(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)应用于远距离大容量架空线输电是实现我国能源资源优化配置的客观要求,也是电网技术发展的未来趋势。目前柔性直流输电技术扩展到架空线输电场...柔性直流输电技术(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)应用于远距离大容量架空线输电是实现我国能源资源优化配置的客观要求,也是电网技术发展的未来趋势。目前柔性直流输电技术扩展到架空线输电场合所面临的关键问题有:直流线路故障难以快速清除、输送容量难以与传统直流输电相媲拟、主接线方式和接地方式选择原则还没有定论等。针对问题1,分析现有工程所采用的拓扑结构在直流故障下的脆弱性,重点综述具有直流故障穿越能力的拓扑结构。根据其处理直流故障的特点将其划分为3种基本类型。对比分析几种典型拓扑的优缺点。针对问题2和3,为实现高电压大容量输电任务,提出基于组合式换流器的双极结构拓扑。该结构内每极由若干基本换流单元(basic converter units,BCU)串并联构成,接地极线从上下正负极结构中间引出。分析4种单元扩展的方式。综述可行的接地方式及其优缺点。最后,结合我国电网结构特点和能量流动特点,分析两种基本的柔性直流系统结构,指出其所面临的挑战和机遇。展开更多
文摘This paper proposes a single-ended fault detection scheme for long transmission lines using support vector machine(SVM)for multi-terminal direct current systems based on modular multilevel converter(MMC-MTDC).The scheme overcomes existing detection difficulties in the protection of long transmission lines resulting from high grounding resistance and attenuation,and also avoids the sophisticated process of threshold value selection.The high-frequency components in the measured voltage extracted by a wavelet transform and the amplitude of the zero-mode set of the positive-sequence voltage are the inputs to a trained SVM.The output of the SVM determines the fault type.A model of a four-terminal DC power grid with overhead transmission lines is built in PSCAD/EMTDC.Simulation results of EMTDC confirm that the proposed scheme achieves 100%accuracy in detecting short-circuit faults with high resistance on long transmission lines.The proposed scheme eliminates mal-operation of DC circuit breakers when faced with power order changes or AC-side faults.Its robustness and time delay are also assessed and shown to have no perceptible effect on the speed and accuracy of the detection scheme,thus ensuring its reliability and stability.
基金funded by SGCC Science and Technology Program under project Research on Electromagnetic Transient Simulation Technology for Large-scale MMC-HVDC Systems.
文摘Multi-terminal direct current(MTDC)grids provide the possibility of meshed interconnections between regional power systems and various renewable energy resources to boost supply reliability and economy.The modular multilevel converter(MMC)has become the basic building block for MTDC and DC grids due to its salient features,i.e.,modularity and scalability.Therefore,the MMC-based MTDC systems should be pervasively embedded into the present power system to improve system performance.However,several technical challenges hamper their practical applications and deployment,including modeling,control,and protection of the MMC-MTDC grids.This paper presents a comprehensive investigation and reference in modeling,control,and protection of the MMC-MTDC grids.A general overview of state-of-the-art modeling techniques of the MMC along with their performance in simulation analysis for MTDC applications is provided.A review of control strategies of the MMC-MTDC grids which provide AC system support is presented.State-of-the art protection techniques of the MMCMTDC systems are also investigated.Finally,the associated research challenges and trends are highlighted.
文摘基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统易发生振荡失稳现象。首先,建立了直驱风电场经MMC-HVDC并网送端系统的小扰动线性化模型,分析了风场有功输出对系统稳定性的影响。然后,建立了MMC及风机并网变流器交流侧dq阻抗模型,从阻抗角度揭示了送端系统振荡失稳机理。进一步,提出了基于MMC交流电压控制外环q轴附加阻尼的振荡抑制策略,可满足系统满功率范围内的运行稳定性要求。最后,基于全比例模型的仿真结果验证了所提振荡抑制策略的有效性。
基金This work is supported by UK EPSRC and UK National Grid.
文摘This paper investigates a control and protection strategy for a four-terminal modular multilevel converter(MMC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system under a converter-side AC fault.Based on the system operating condition,a control and protection strategy against the fault with normal blocking of the converter is proposed.In practical,applications encountering such a fault,the MMC at the fault side may experience different conditions of blocking failure.The blocking failures may occur on:①the whole converter;②one converter arm;③one sub-module(SM)/several SMs of one converter arm;④other conditions.The phenomenon of the multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)system following the fault is analyzed under the first three conditions with real-time simulations using the real-time digital simulator(RTDS).Based on the impact of different conditions on the MTDC system,the necessity of utilizing special control and protection is discussed.A special control and protection strategy is proposed for emergency conditions,and its effectiveness is verified by real-time simulation results.
文摘针对模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)高压直流输电技术(high voltage direct current,HVDC)受端交流系统故障引起的直流过电压问题,文中提出一种基于晶闸管的模块化组合式直流泄能装置拓扑及协调控制方法。该直流泄能拓扑包括模块化分布式泄能部分、限流电抗器和集中式泄能电阻3部分,对子模块工作模式进行设计,提出可避免直流泄能装置反复投切的弹性调节泄能的协调控制策略,推导直流泄能装置功率控制及其内部电气耦合关系,给出泄能装置元件参数的设计方法。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC搭建MMC-HVDC及所提出的直流泄能装置模型,研究单相和三相接地故障下直流泄能装置的特性及直流过电压抑制效果。结果表明,所提直流泄能装置在协调控制策略下能够分阶段弹性调节泄能功率,有效抑制直流过电压,并有利于故障后的快速恢复。
文摘柔性直流输电技术(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)应用于远距离大容量架空线输电是实现我国能源资源优化配置的客观要求,也是电网技术发展的未来趋势。目前柔性直流输电技术扩展到架空线输电场合所面临的关键问题有:直流线路故障难以快速清除、输送容量难以与传统直流输电相媲拟、主接线方式和接地方式选择原则还没有定论等。针对问题1,分析现有工程所采用的拓扑结构在直流故障下的脆弱性,重点综述具有直流故障穿越能力的拓扑结构。根据其处理直流故障的特点将其划分为3种基本类型。对比分析几种典型拓扑的优缺点。针对问题2和3,为实现高电压大容量输电任务,提出基于组合式换流器的双极结构拓扑。该结构内每极由若干基本换流单元(basic converter units,BCU)串并联构成,接地极线从上下正负极结构中间引出。分析4种单元扩展的方式。综述可行的接地方式及其优缺点。最后,结合我国电网结构特点和能量流动特点,分析两种基本的柔性直流系统结构,指出其所面临的挑战和机遇。
