Design of Protograph LDPC-Coded MIMO-VLC Systems with Generalized Spatial Modulation

This paper investigates the bit-interleaved coded generalized spatial modulation(BICGSM) with iterative decoding(BICGSM-ID) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) visible light communications(VLC). In the BICGSM-ID scheme, the information bits conveyed by the signal-domain(SiD) symbols and the spatial-domain(SpD) light emitting diode(LED)-index patterns are coded by a protograph low-density parity-check(P-LDPC) code. Specifically, we propose a signal-domain symbol expanding and re-allocating(SSER) method for constructing a type of novel generalized spatial modulation(GSM) constellations, referred to as SSERGSM constellations, so as to boost the performance of the BICGSM-ID MIMO-VLC systems.Moreover, by applying a modified PEXIT(MPEXIT) algorithm, we further design a family of rate-compatible P-LDPC codes, referred to as enhanced accumulate-repeat-accumulate(EARA) codes,which possess both excellent decoding thresholds and linear-minimum-distance-growth property. Both analysis and simulation results illustrate that the proposed SSERGSM constellations and P-LDPC codes can remarkably improve the convergence and decoding performance of MIMO-VLC systems. Therefore, the proposed P-LDPC-coded SSERGSM-mapped BICGSMID configuration is envisioned as a promising transmission solution to satisfy the high-throughput requirement of MIMO-VLC applications.

A Golden Decade of Polar Codes:From Basic Principle to 5G Applications

After the pursuit of seventy years,the invention of polar codes indicates that we have found the first capacity-achieving coding with low complexity construction and decoding,which is the great breakthrough of the coding theory in the past two decades.In this survey,we retrospect the history of polar codes and summarize the advancement in the past ten years.First,the primary principle of channel polarization is investigated such that the basic construction,coding method and the classic successive cancellation(SC)decoding are reviewed.Second,in order to improve the performance of the finite code length,we introduce the guiding principle and conclude five design criteria for the construction,design and implementation of the polar code in the practical communication system based on the exemplar schemes in the literature.Especially,we explain the design principle behind the concatenated coding and rate matching of polar codes in 5G wireless system.Furthermore,the improved SC decoding algorithms,such as SC list(SCL)decoding and SC stack(SCS)decoding etc.,are investigated and compared.Finally,the research prospects of polar codes for the future 6G communication system are explored,including the optimization of short polar codes,coding construction in fading channels,polar coded modulation and HARQ,and the polar coded transmission,namely polar processing.Predictably,as a new coding methodology,polar codes will shine a light on communication theory and unveil a revolution in transmission technology.

SR-DCSK Cooperative Communication System with Code Index Modulation:A New Design for 6G New Radios

This paper proposes a high-throughput short reference differential chaos shift keying cooperative communication system with the aid of code index modulation,referred to as CIM-SR-DCSK-CC system.In the proposed CIM-SR-DCSK-CC system,the source transmits information bits to both the relay and destination in the first time slot,while the relay not only forwards the source information bits but also sends new information bits to the destination in the second time slot.To be specific,the relay employs an N-order Walsh code to carry additional log_(2)N information bits,which are superimposed onto the SRDCSK signal carrying the decoded source information bits.Subsequently,the superimposed signal carrying both the source and relay information bits is transmitted to the destination.Moreover,the theoretical bit error rate(BER)expressions of the proposed CIMSR-DCSK-CC system are derived over additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)and multipath Rayleigh fading channels.Compared with the conventional DCSKCC system and SR-DCSK-CC system,the proposed CIM-SR-DCSK-CC system can significantly improve the throughput without deteriorating any BER performance.As a consequence,the proposed system is very promising for the applications of the 6G-enabled lowpower and high-rate communication.

Sparse Rev-Shift Coded Modulation with Novel Overhead Bound

To provide reliability in distributed systems,combination property(CP)is desired,where k original packets are encoded into n≥k packets and arbitrary k are sufficient to reconstruct all the original packets.Shift-and-add(SA)encoding combined with zigzag decoding(ZD)obtains the CP-ZD,which is promising to reap low computational complexity in the encoding/decoding process of these systems.As densely coded modulation is difficult to achieve CP-ZD,research attentions are paid to sparse coded modulation.The drawback of existing sparse CP-ZD coded modulation lies in high overhead,especially in widely deployed setting m<k,where m≜n−k.For this scenario,namely,m<k,a sparse reverseorder shift(Rev-Shift)CP-ZD coded modulation is designed.The proof that Rev-Shift possesses CP-ZD is provided.A lower bound for the overhead,as far as we know is the first for sparse CP-ZD coded modulation,is derived.The bound is found tight in certain scenarios,which shows the code optimality.Extensive numerical studies show that compared to existing sparse CP-ZD coded modulation,the overhead of Rev-Shift reduces significantly,and the derived lower bound is tight when k or m approaches 0.

Feedback Stabilization over Wireless Network Using Adaptive Coded Modulation

In this paper,we apply adaptive coded modulation (ACM) schemes to a wireless networked control system (WNCS) to improve the energy efficiency and increase the data rate over a fading channel.To capture the characteristics of varying rate, interference,and routing in wireless transmission channels,the concepts of equivalent delay (ED) and networked condition index (NCI) are introduced.Also,the analytic lower and upper bounds of EDs are obtained.Furthermore,we model the WNCS as a multicontroller switched system (MSS) under consideration of EDs and loss index in the wireless transmission.Sufficient stability condition of the closed-loop WNCS and corresponding dynamic state feedback controllers are derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Numerical results show the validity and advantage of our proposed control strategies.

Coded Modulation Faster-than-Nyquist Transmission with Precoder and Channel Shortening Optimization

Faster-than-Nyquist(FTN)signaling can improve the spectrum efficiency(SE)of the transmission system.In this paper,we propose a coded modulation FTN(CM-FTN)transmission scheme with precoder and channel shortening(CS)optimization to improve bit error rate(BER)performance and reduce the complexity of FTN equalizer.In our proposal,the information rate(IR)or spectral efficiency(SE)is employed and verified as a better performance metric for CM-FTN than the minimum Euclidian distance(MED).The precoder of CM-FTN is optimized for maximizing the IR criterion using the bare-bones particle swarm optimization(BB-PSO)algorithm.Further,a three-carrier CM-FTN system model is used to capture the broadening effect of precoder.Also targeting for the IR maximization,the inter-symbol interference(ISI)length for CS is optimized to reduce the receiver complexity without performance loss.Simulation results demonstrate that our method has a 0.6dB precoding gain compared with the nonprecoding scheme and a maximum of 87.5%of the complexity of FTN equalizer is reduced without BER loss.

Low Complexity Minimum Mean Square Error Channel Estimation for Adaptive Coding and Modulation Systems

Performance of the Adaptive Coding and Modulation(ACM) strongly depends on the retrieved Channel State Information(CSI),which can be obtained using the channel estimation techniques relying on pilot symbol transmission.Earlier analysis of methods of pilot-aided channel estimation for ACM systems were relatively little.In this paper,we investigate the performance of CSI prediction using the Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE)channel estimator for an ACM system.To solve the two problems of MMSE:high computational operations and oversimplified assumption,we then propose the Low-Complexity schemes(LC-MMSE and Recursion LC-MMSE(R-LC-MMSE)).Computational complexity and Mean Square Error(MSE) are presented to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.Both analysis and numerical results show that LC-MMSE performs close to the wellknown MMSE estimator with much lower complexity and R-LC-MMSE improves the application of MMSE estimation to specific circumstances.

Optimization of Mapping Rule of Bit-Interleaved Turbo Coded Modulation with 16QAM

Optimization of mapping rule of bit-interleaved Turbo coded modulation with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is investigated based on different impacts of various encoded bits sequence on Turbo decoding performance. Furthermore, bit-interleaved in-phase and quadrature phase (I-Q) Turbo coded modulation scheme are designed similarly with I-Q trellis coded modulation (TCM). Through performance evaluation and analysis, it can be seen that the novel mapping rule outperforms traditional one and the I-Q Turbo coded modulation can not achieve good performance as expected. Therefore, there is not obvious advantage in using I-Q method in bit-interleaved Turbo coded modulation.

CONTROL STRATEGY FOR ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC POSITION SERVO SYSTEM WITH GENERALIZED PULSE CODE MODULATION

A hybrid control strategy has been designed and developed for the electro-hydraulic posi-tion servo control system with generalized Pulse code modulation （GPCM）, which is suitable for the area where the work condition is poor and a large flow rate is required. It is difficult to control the GPCM system because the system is discrete. With consideration of the stability and speediness of the GPCM position servo control system, a control strategy is developed through the theoretical and ex-perimental analyses. The control strategy integrates the merits of Bang-Bang control, PID control and fuzzy control. With this hybrid control strategy, the electro hydraulic control system has good per-formances, and the servo control is carried out with GPCM through on-off valves.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LOW DENSITY PARITY CHECK CODES FOR DIGITAL RADIO MONDIALE (DRM) SYSTEM

In Digital Radio Mondiale （DRM） system, achieving good audio quality becomes a challenge due to its limited band-width of 9 or 10kHz and the very bad lading channels. Therefore, DRM needs highly efficient channel coding schemes. This paper, proposes the schemes which use the Low-Density Parity-Check （LDPC） coded Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation （BICM） schemes for the implementation of DRM systems. Simulation results show that the proposed system is more efficient than the Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional （RCPC） coded DRM system on various broadcast channels, and may be recommended as a coding technology for Digital Amplitude Modulation Broadcasting （DAMB） systems of China.

A simple 2D modulation code in single-reader two-track reading BPMR systems

A reduction in the track width of magnetic recording systems results in a welcome increase in Areal Density(AD),but can severely deteriorate system performance in the unfortunate appearance of extreme Inter-Track Interference(ITI).The effect of severe ITI may be mitigated by using coding schemes.In this paper,therefore,we present a rate-5/62-Dimensional(2D)modulation code based on a proposed Single-Reader/Two-track Reading(SRTR)technique to cope with this serious problem in staggered Bit-Pattemed Magnetic Recording(BPMR)systems.We then evaluate the Bit-Error Rate(BER)performance of the proposed system in the presence of media noises,e.g.,position and size fluctuations.Our simulation results indicate that,at the same User Density(UD),the proposed system performs better than an uncoded system by about 1.0 dB at the BER of 105 and is also superior to the conventional recording system.

LSTM-Based Adaptive Modulation and Coding for Satellite-to-Ground Communications

Satellite communication develops rapidly due to its global coverage and is unrestricted to the ground environment. However, compared with the traditional ground TCP/IP network, a satellite-to-ground link has a more extensive round trip time(RTT) and a higher packet loss rate,which takes more time in error recovery and wastes precious channel resources. Forward error correction(FEC) is a coding method that can alleviate bit error and packet loss, but how to achieve high throughput in the dynamic network environment is still a significant challenge. Inspired by the deep learning technique, this paper proposes a signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) based adaptive coding modulation method. This method can maximize channel utilization while ensuring communication quality and is suitable for satellite-to-ground communication scenarios where the channel state changes rapidly. We predict the SNR using the long short-term memory(LSTM) network that considers the past channel status and real-time global weather. Finally, we use the optimal matching rate(OMR) to evaluate the pros and cons of each method quantitatively. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposed LSTM-based method outperforms the state-of-the-art prediction algorithms significantly in mean absolute error(MAE). Moreover, it leads to the least spectrum waste.

Adaptive Modulation and Coding Based on Fuzzy Logic Cognitive Engine

Adaptive modulation and coding( AMC) which depends on channel state information( CSI) can make the modulation and coding scheme( MCS) for the sender changed, and make the spectrum efficiency enhanced. The traditional method of AMC establishes a lookup table of MCSs at first,and then the sender chooses the proper MCS according to the CSI from feedback channel. However,this method is not suitable for frequency selective and fast fading channel. Thus, a method based on fuzzy logic cognitive engine is proposed in this paper. The type of channel is recognized by the fuzzy logic cognitive engine,then the MCSs are modified to suit for the channel type. The simulation results show that the proposed method is more suitable for frequency selective and fast fading channel. And it is more reliability under the condition of meeting the bit error rate( BER).

Pragmatic Approach to Adaptive Turbo Coded Modulation

This paper presents a pragmatic adaptive scheme for TuCM over slowly fading channels. The adaptive scheme employs a single turbo coded modulator composed of a variable-rate turbo encoder and a variable-rate variable-power MQAM for all fading regions, so it has an acceptable complexity to implement. The optimal adaptive TuCM scheme is determined subject to various system constraints. Simulations have been performed to measure the performance of the scheme for different parameters. It is shown that adopting both the turbo coded modulator and the transmit power achieves a performance within 2.5 dB of the fading channel capacity.

Performance analysis of adaptive turbo coded modulation with time delay

The method of data fitting is applied to obtain the BER expression for turbo coded modulation, and a fitting mathematical model is proposed, which resolves the problem that there is no exact BER expression for turbo coded modulation in performance analysis. With the time delay consideration, the performance of BER of adaptive turbo coded modulation is analyzed and simulated. The results show that adaptive turbo coded modulation is very sensitive to time delay. In order to meet the target BER requirement, the total time delay should be less than 0 001/f D.

PERFORMANCES OF ADAPTIVE MODULATION AND CODING IN SATELLITE MOBILE CHANNEL

Given that satellite mobile channel is a time-varying channel,Adaptive Modulation and Coding(AMC) was proposed to provide robust and spectrally efficient transmission over satellite mobile channel.Three different kinds of channel environment were considered in this paper:the urban area,the rural area,and the open space.Four combinations of modulation and coding were designed to meet reliable communication on time-varying channel,and spectral efficiency and system throughput of these three kinds of channel environment were simulated.Based on the simulation results,this paper analysed the results and compared the performances of AMC with non-AMC system in these three kinds of channel environment.At last,we come to the conclusions:a system with AMC can achieve higher spectral efficiency and better system throughput;and the spectral efficiency and system throughput of AMC system will be higher on better satellite mobile channel.

Dual Adaptive Turbo Coded Modulation for Integrated Multimedia Service Transmission

This paper proposes a cross-layer dual adaptive coded modulation architecture using turbo codes for mobile multimedia communication, which adapts to both the varying channel characteristics and the QoS of various multimedia services simultancously to increase the average system throughput substantially. A pragmatic channeladaptive turbo coded modulation schcme, which comes within 2.5 dB of the Shannon limit, is optimally designed, and then a QoS-adaptive scheme is superimposed to build the dual adaptive architecture. Simulation results show that the novel dual adaption reduces the gap from the fading channel capacity to 2 dB when assuming different services occur in equal probability and the service duration follows exponential distribution.

Achievable secrecy rate of bit-interleaved coded modulation schemes

We study the impact of various modulation mapping strategies and signal constellation shapes on the se- crecy rates achievable with bit-interleaved coded modulation （BICM） schemes. Transmission over an ergodic Rayleigh fading channel is assumed throughout this work. Various constellations and mapping techniques are considered in this work to maximize the capacity difference between the main channel and the eavesdropper channel, rather than to opti- mize the capacity of both channels. We show that in terms of achievable secrecy rate, Gray and Quasi-Gray mappings only perform Well at low SNR but outperformed by other mapping techniques when SNR increases. The proper design of signal mapping can significantly enhance the achievable secrecy rate in BICM schemes. It is indicated that the key parameter to the secrecy rate of a BICM system is the distance spectrum of Euclidean distances for mappings.

Iterative Demodulation and Decoding Scheme with 16 QAM

Iterative demodulation and decoding scheme is analyzed and modulation labeling is considered to be one of the crucial factors to this scheme. By analyzing the existent mapping design criterion, four aspects are found as the key techniques for choosing a label mapping. Based on this discovery, a novel mapping design criteflon is proposed and two label mappings are searched according to it. Simulation results show that the performance of BICM-ID using the novel mappings is better than the former ones. The extrinsic information transfer （EXIT） chart is introduced and it is used to evaluate the proposed mapping design criteria.

A channel- and QoS-adaptive turbo coded modulation architecture for mobile multimedia communication

This paper proposed a cross-layer dual adaptive coded modulation architecture using turbo codes for mobile muhimedia communication, which simultaneously adapted to both the varying channel characteristics and the quality of service （QoS） of various mobile multimedia services to increase the average system throughput substantially. A pragmatic channel-adaptive turbo coded modulation scheme, which comes within 2.5dB of the Shannon limit, was optimally designed, and then a QoS-adaptive scheme was superimposed to build the dual adaptive architecture. Simulation results show that the novel dual adaption reduces the difference with the fading channel capacity to 2dB when assuming different services occur in equal probability and the service duration follows the exponential distribution.