Novel lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor on SOI substrate for optimizing hot-carrier degradation

A novel lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor on a silicon-on-insulator substrate SOI-LIGBT with a special low-doped P-well structure is proposed.The P-well structure is added to attach the P-body under the channel so as to reduce the linear anode current degradation without additional process.The influence of the length and depth of the P-well on the hot-carrier HC reliability of the SOI-LIGBT is studied.With the increase in the length of the P-well the perpendicular electric field peak and the impact ionization peak diminish resulting in the reduction of the hot-carrier degradation. In addition the impact ionization will be weakened with the increase in the depth of the P-well which also makes the hot-carrier degradation decrease.Considering the effect of the low-doped P-well and the process windows the length and depth of the P-well are both chosen as 2 μm.

A dual-gate and dielectric-inserted lateral trench insulated gate bipolar transistor on a silicon-on-insulator substrate

In this paper, a novel dual-gate and dielectric-inserted lateral trench insulated gate bipolar transistor （DGDI LTIGBT） structure, which features a double extended trench gate and a dielectric inserted in the drift region, is proposed and discussed. The device can not only decrease the specific on-resistance Ron,sp , but also simultaneously improve the temperature performance. Simulation results show that the proposed LTIGBT achieves an ultra-low on-state voltage drop of 1.31 V at 700 A·cm-2 with a small half-cell pitch of 10.5 μm, a specific on-resistance R on,sp of 187 mΩ·mm2, and a high breakdown voltage of 250 V. The on-state voltage drop of the DGDI LTIGBT is 18% less than that of the DI LTIGBT and 30.3% less than that of the conventional LTIGBT. The proposed LTIGBT exhibits a good positive temperature coefficient for safety paralleling to handling larger currents and enhances the short-circuit capability while maintaining a low self-heating effect. Furthermore, it also shows a better tradeoff between the specific on-resistance and the turnoff loss, although it has a longer turnoff delay time.

Insulated gate bipolar transistor inverter for arc welding

This paper introduces the Insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)in- verter for arc welding.The principle of the inverter,the structure and charac- teristics of IGBT and the current feedback system using LEM current transduc- er are discussed.By the measurement of its efficiency and power factor and the tests of welding processes,the developed 150A IGBT inverter proves to be a kind of energy-saving portable power supply for arc welding with broad prospects.

A high voltage silicon-on-insulator lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor with a reduced cell-pitch

A high voltage（〉 600 V） integrable silicon-on-insulator（SOI） trench-type lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor（LIGBT） with a reduced cell-pitch is proposed.The LIGBT features multiple trenches（MTs）：two oxide trenches in the drift region and a trench gate extended to the buried oxide（BOX）.Firstly,the oxide trenches enhance electric field strength because of the lower permittivity of oxide than that of Si.Secondly,oxide trenches bring in multi-directional depletion,leading to a reshaped electric field distribution and an enhanced reduced-surface electric-field（RESURF） effect.Both increase the breakdown voltage（BV）.Thirdly,oxide trenches fold the drift region around the oxide trenches,leading to a reduced cell-pitch.Finally,the oxide trenches enhance the conductivity modulation,resulting in a high electron/hole concentration in the drift region as well as a low forward voltage drop（Von）.The oxide trenches cause a low anode-cathode capacitance,which increases the switching speed and reduces the turn-off energy loss（Eoff）.The MT SOI LIGBT exhibits a BV of 603 V at a small cell-pitch of 24 μm,a Von of 1.03 V at 100 A/cm-2,a turn-off time of 250 ns and Eoff of 4.1×10？3 mJ.The trench gate extended to BOX synchronously acts as dielectric isolation between high voltage LIGBT and low voltage circuits,simplifying the fabrication processes.

Heat dissipation enhancement method for finned heat sink for AGV motor driver's IGBT module

With the widespread use of high-power and highly integrated insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT),their cooling methods have become challenging.This paper proposes a liquid cooling scheme for heavy-duty automated guided vehicle(AGV)motor driver in port environment,and improves heat dissipation by analyzing and optimizing the core component of finned heat sink.Firstly,the temperature distribution of the initial scheme is studied by using Fluent software,and the heat transfer characteristics of the finned heat sink are obtained through numerical analysis.Secondly,an orthogonal test is designed and combined with the response surface methodology to optimize the structural parameters of the finned heat sink,resulting in a 14.57%increase in the heat dissipation effect.Finally,the effectiveness of heat dissipation enhancement is verified.This work provides valuable insights into improving the heat dissipation of IGBT modules and heat sinks,and provides guidance for their future applications.

SiC gate-controlled bipolar field effect composite transistor with polysilicon region for improving on-state current

A novel silicon carbide gate-controlled bipolar field effect composite transistor with poly silicon region(SiC GCBTP)is proposed.Different from the traditional electrode connection mode of SiC vertical diffused MOS(VDMOS),the P+region of P-well is connected with the gate in SiC GCBTP,and the polysilicon region is added between the P+region and the gate.By this method,additional minority carriers can be injected into the drift region at on-state,and the distribution of minority carriers in the drift region will be optimized,so the on-state current is increased.In terms of static characteristics,it has the same high breakdown voltage(811 V)as SiC VDMOS whose length of drift is 5.5μm.The on-state current of SiC GCBTP is 2.47×10^(-3)A/μm(V_(G)=10 V,V_(D)=10 V)which is 5.7 times of that of SiC IGBT and 36.4 times of that of SiC VDMOS.In terms of dynamic characteristics,the turn-on time of SiC GCBTP is only 0.425 ns.And the turn-off time of SiC GCBTP is similar to that of SIC insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT),which is 114.72 ns.

Improving dynamic characteristics for IGBTs by using interleaved trench gate

A novel trench insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT) with improved dynamic characteristics is proposed and investigated. The poly gate and poly emitter of the proposed IGBT are arranged alternately along the trench. A self-biased p-MOSFET is formed on the emitter side. Owing to this unique three-dimensional(3D) trench architecture, both the turnoff characteristic and the turn-on characteristic can be greatly improved. At the turn-off moment, the maximum electric field and impact ionization rate of the proposed IGBT decrease and the dynamic avalanche(DA) is suppressed. Comparing with the carrier-stored trench gate bipolar transistor(CSTBT), the turn-off loss(E_(off)) of the proposed IGBT also decreases by 31% at the same ON-state voltage. At the turn-on moment, the built-in p-MOSFET reduces the reverse displacement current(I_(G_dis)), which is conducive to lowing dI_(C)/d_(t). As a result, compared with the CSTBT with the same turn-on loss(E_(on)), at I_(C) = 20 A/cm^(2), the proposed IGBT decreases by 35% of collector surge current(I_(surge)) and 52% of dI_(C)/d_(t).

基于注意力机制的CNN-BiLSTM的IGBT剩余使用寿命预测

针对绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)可靠性问题,提出了一种融合卷积神经网络(CNN)、双向长短期记忆(BiLSTM)网络和注意力机制的剩余使用寿命(RUL)预测模型,可用于IGBT的寿命预测。模型中使用CNN提取特征参数,BiLSTM提取时序信息,注意力机制加权处理特征参数。使用IGBT加速老化数据集对提出的模型进行验证。结果表明,对比自回归差分移动平均(ARIMA)、长短期记忆(LSTM)、多层LSTM(Multi-LSTM)、 BiLSTM预测模型,在均方根误差和决定系数等评价指标方面该模型的性能最优。验证了提出的寿命预测模型对IGBT失效预测是有效的。

基于Bo-BiLSTM网络的IGBT老化失效预测方法

针对绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)受热应力冲击后对其进行老化失效预测精度不高的情况,提出一种基于贝叶斯优化(Bo)-双向长短期记忆(BiLSTM)网络的IGBT老化失效预测方法。首先分析IGBT模块老化失效原理,然后基于NASA老化实验数据集建立失效特征数据库,最后利用Matlab软件构造Bo-BiLSTM网络预测失效特征参数数据。选取常用回归预测性能评估指标将长短期记忆(LSTM)网络模型、BiLSTM网络模型与Bo-BiLSTM网络模型的预测结果进行对比分析。结果表明,Bo-BiLSTM网络的模型拟合精度更高,基于Bo-BiLSTM网络的IGBT老化失效预测方法具有较好的预测效果,能够应用于IGBT的失效预测。

基于失效演化模拟的电力机车用IGBT模块解析剩余寿命建模研究

牵引变流器作为电力机车系统中最关键且故障率最高的设备,影响系统的安全运行,其中绝缘栅双极晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)模块是导致牵引变流器失效的主要部件。开展IGBT模块剩余寿命准确评估,对降低运维成本和系统故障率具有重要的战略价值和经济意义。目前采用“里程修”的运维方式,未考虑机车运行线路、工况、负载差异等因素对寿命的影响,导致一些线路过早更换的高昂运维成本和一些线路过晚替换的系统停运风险。因此,在牵引系统IGBT模块故障率高、运行线路间可靠性差异大且采用不合理的“里程修”方式背景下,目前业界普遍关心的问题是各线路基于固定里程修更换的IGBT模块剩余寿命是多少。该文针对电力机车用IGBT模块剩余寿命准确评估的问题,以IGBT模块焊料层不同服役里程空洞尺寸分布规律为基础,建立考虑焊料层空洞空间分布规律的精细化多物理场模型,开展多芯片并联IGBT模块失效演化物理过程模拟,提出以焊料层空洞分布统计规律为老化状态的电力机车用IGBT模块解析剩余寿命预测模拟,并通过功率循环试验验证改进模型准确性。研究成果丰富功率器件的寿命预测和可靠性评估理论,为系统从“里程修”向“状态修”转变提供科学依据。

结温导向的牵引变流器寿命优化控制

结温是影响绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)寿命的主要因素。为了提高地铁两电平牵引变流器寿命,提出一种降低结温的异步牵引电机双矢量模型预测转矩控制(DVMPTC)策略。将传统DVMPTC的第二个电压矢量选择范围缩小在与第一个电压矢量不切换或仅切换一次的范围,降低IGBT开关损耗的同时减小系统计算量;在代价函数中约束IGBT及其反并联二极管的损耗,动态加入损耗因子,并赋予权重系数,使得最优矢量的选择兼顾控制性能与降低损耗。通过仿真分析,本文所提方法相较于传统基于分段调制算法的直接转矩控制策略,降低了结温及其波动,提高了牵引变流器寿命。

肖特基结多数载流子积累新型绝缘栅双极晶体管

绝缘栅双极晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)是现代功率半导体器件的核心,因其良好的电学特性得到了广泛的应用.本文提出了一种具有肖特基结接触的栅半导体层新型多数载流子积累模式IGBT,并对其进行特性研究和仿真分析.当新型IGBT处于导通状态,栅极施加正向偏压,由于肖特基势垒二极管极低的正向导通压降,使得栅半导体层的电压几乎等于栅极电压,从而能够在漂移区中积累大量的多数载流子电子.除了现有的电子外,这些积累的电子增大了漂移区的电导率,从而显著降低了正向导通压降.因此,打破了传统IGBT正向导通压降受漂移区掺杂浓度的限制.轻掺杂的漂移区可以使新型IGBT具有较高的击穿电压,同时减小了关断过程中器件内部耗尽层电容,因此整体米勒电容减小,提升了关断速度,减小了关断时间和关断损耗.分析结果表明,600 V级别的击穿电压时,新型IGBT的正向导通压降,关断损耗和关断时间相比常规IGBT分别降低了46.2%,52.5%,30%,打破了IGBT中正向导通压降和关断损耗之间的矛盾.此外,新型IGBT具有更高的抗闩锁能力和更大的正偏安全工作区.新型结构的提出满足了未来IGBT器件性能的发展要求,对于功率半导体器件领域具有重大指导意义.

基于焊层裂纹扩展的IGBT性能退化建模与分析

在疲劳载荷作用下,绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)会发生结构损伤与性能退化,影响电力电子系统可靠性。对此,首先基于传热学理论推导焊层疲劳裂纹长度与热阻的关系,并以Darveaux模型表征IGBT焊层裂纹演化规律,提出一种IGBT性能退化模型及其待定系数的估计方法。其次,考虑实际工况的非平稳特征,利用响应面法建立IGBT变幅疲劳载荷模型,并基于雨流计数法与线性累积损伤准则实现IGBT性能退化量的评估。最后,以一款IGBT产品为例,实施功率循环试验,基于试验数据开展性能退化建模与分析,验证了模型与算法的有效性。

新型载流子积累的逆导型横向绝缘栅双极晶体管

通过引入n^(+)阳极在体内集成续流二极管的逆导型横向绝缘栅双极晶体管(reverse-conducting lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor,RC-LIGBT)可以实现反向导通,并且优化器件的关断特性,是功率集成电路中一个有竞争力的器件.本文提出了一种新型载流子积累的RC-LIGBT,它具有电子控制栅(electron-controlled gate,EG)和分离短路阳极(separated short-anode,SSA),可以同时实现较低的导通压降和关断损耗.在正向导通状态,漂移区上方的EG结构可以在漂移区的表面积累一个高密度的电子层,从而大大地降低器件的导通压降.同时,SSA结构的使用还极大优化了器件的关断损耗.另外,低掺杂p型漂移区与SSA结构配合,可以简单地实现反向导通并且消除回吸电压.仿真结果表明,所提出的器件具有优秀的导通压降与关断损耗之间的折衷关系,其导通压降为1.16 V,比SSA LIGBT低55%,其关断损耗为0.099 mJ/cm^(2),比SSA LIGBT和常规LIGBT分别低38.5%和94.7%.

IGBT并联应用均流控制技术综述

绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT(insulated-gate bipolar transistor)在现代电力电子技术中应用广泛,在某些单个器件性能达不到设计要求的工作场合,IGBT的并联使用成为一种经济可行的方法。多模块IGBT并联应用可以简化电路结构,增大变流器输出功率,提高装置功率密度。IGBT并联应用过程中,器件本体的动、静态特性及结温的差异,驱动电路结构及功率回路不对称性,伴随IGBT长期使用出现的老化或失效等问题,都会引起并联IGBT支路电流的不均衡,影响系统的可靠性和稳定性。对国内外IGBT并联应用所关注的研究热点进行了调研分析,总结了IGBT并联动、静态电流不均衡产生的原理及影响,分析了电流均衡控制原理的差异。从功率回路均流控制和驱动回路均流控制两个方面,对IGBT并联应用均流控制的工作特性进行了分析总结和技术对比,并对IGBT并联均流技术的发展方向进行了展望。

基于导通压降的大容量IGBT模块结温观测与误差分析研究

压接式绝缘栅双极性晶体管PP-IGBT(press-pack insulated gate bipolar transistor)模块因其优越的电气性能和可靠性,广泛应用于柔性直流换流阀等大功率应用场景。IGBT芯片结温的准确观测对于其运行状态的监测与剩余寿命的评估都非常重要。已有结温观测方法多是针对键合引线式IGBT,未考虑到压接式模块的特性,无法直接应用。首先,针对大容量换流阀中的压接式IGBT,提出了一种实用的模块导通压降与结温标定方法,并对结温在线估计的误差进行了全面分析。然后,基于ABB公司5SNA 3000K452300压接式IGBT模块(4500 V,3000 A)设计了结温标定方案,包括实验电路、温度标定范围选择、结温控制方式、测量电路及标定实验步骤。最后,基于脉冲测试平台,对所提方法进行了验证。实验结果表明,所提结温标定与观测方案有效,结温观测误差在±5℃以内,且能适用压接式IGBT模块存在差异的情况。

计及电热参数更新的高速列车牵引整流器IGBT模块寿命评估

绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)作为列车变流器的关键部件,其寿命受老化过程中参数变化的影响,为此提出了一种计及电热参数更新的IGBT模块寿命预测方法。首先,利用实车采集到的外部电压、电流数据结合变流器调制策略推导IGBT的驱动信号,进而获得单个IGBT的电压电流;其次,基于数据手册建立Foster热网络模型获取IGBT的结温;之后考虑到实际中IGBT的老化过程,提出一种IGBT结温计算过程中热阻和导通压降的更新策略;最后通过寿命模型对IGBT进行损伤度估算,并通过蒙特卡洛(Monte-Carlo)模拟评估器件寿命计算过程中的不确定性,取得可靠性变化曲线。

绝缘栅双极型晶体管故障检测方法:综述与展望

绝缘栅双极型晶体管广泛应用于航空航天、武器装备、现代工业、交通运输和电力系统等领域。由于其工作环境复杂,IGBT极易发生异常并导致系统故障,甚至引发重大的经济损失与人员伤亡。因此,IGBT的故障检测引起了研究人员的广泛关注和高度重视。但是,目前针对IGBT故障检测技术的系统性综述较稀缺,阻碍了实际工程人员对其深层次的了解与认知。因此,该综述从方法的角度对IGBT故障检测相关研究成果进行了系统性的回顾:首先对IGBT的基本结构、工作原理以及常见失效机制进行了概述;其次,将IGBT故障检测技术基于检测方法的差异分为三大类,并总结了各类方法的优点与不足;最后,结合当前技术发展的现状,对IGBT故障检测领域的挑战与展望进行了深层次的剖析。

高精度固态调制器绝缘栅双极晶体管驱动电路

加法器式固态调制器是一种使用绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)控制储能电容放电来产生脉冲高压的装置,相比传输线型调制器,具有模块化、稳定性好、寿命长等优势。但IGBT的正常工作需要利用栅极驱动电路将控制信号进行放大才能实现,驱动电路的性能直接影响IGBT的开关特性,最终影响脉冲电压质量,尤其是驱动电路的导通抖动指标,这是影响脉冲电压精度的关键因素之一。根据加法器式固态调制器中IGBT的工作特性,以提高脉冲电压精度为目标,对驱动电路进行研究。分析了开关抖动对输出电压精度的影响,介绍了设计原理,研制了驱动电路板,并利用放电模块对其工作性能进行了实验测试。测试结果表明,该款驱动电路的导通抖动为300 ps,相比1 ns的商用驱动电路抖动压缩至1/3,在1 kV充电电压下,放电模块在0.5Ω的负载上放电,形成上升时间为500 ns、导通抖动峰、峰值在5 ns以下的脉冲电压,当发生退饱和故障时,驱动电路能够在4μs时间内关断IGBT,该款驱动电路满足高精度固态调制器的工作要求。

一种基于开通栅极电压的新型IGBT键合线老化监测方法

绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistors,IGBT)的可靠运行是牵引变流器安全和性能的重要保障。键合线老化作为IGBT的一种常见失效模式,对其进行监测具有重要意义。文中提出一种基于开通栅极电压ugem的键合线老化监测方法,该方法可有效避免温度和负载电流带来的影响。首先,基于IGBT等效电路模型,系统分析ugem受键合线断裂影响的原因;其次,利用双脉冲测试进行验证,同时对温度和负载电流带来的影响进行分析;在此基础上,考虑到使用ugem局部特征将受到温度和电流的干扰,提出将开通栅极电压整体波形用于键合线老化的监测,并进一步利用有监督的线性判别分析进行数据降维以及采用支持向量机实现键合线断裂根数的检测。最后,通过实验对所提监测方法的有效性进行验证。