Relative Ding Projective Modules over Formal Triangular Matrix Rings

Let U be a (B, A)-bimodule, A and B be rings, and be a formal triangular matrix ring. In this paper, we characterize the structure of relative Ding projective modules over T under some conditions. Furthermore, using the left global relative Ding projective dimensions of A and B, we estimate the relative Ding projective dimension of a left T-module.

n-strongly Gorenstein Projective and Injective and Flat Modules

In this paper, we study some properties of n-strongly Gorenstein projective,injective and flat modules, and discuss some connections between n-strongly Gorenstein injective, projective and flat modules. Some applications are given.

Notes on Strongly n-Gorenstein Projective, Injective and Flat Modules

In this paper, we mainly investigate some properties of strongly n-Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules under the extension of rings, which mainly including excellent extensions, morita equivalences, polynomial extensions and localizations.

关于n-纯同调维数的注记

为了研究环与模的n-纯同调维数,通过同调的方法,分别给出了n-纯投射模与n-纯内射模的一些新刻画.作为应用,证明了环R的n-纯投射整体维数不超过1的充分必要条件是R的n-纯内射整体维数不超过1,得到了一个环R的n-纯投射整体维数与R的n-纯内射整体维数的对应关系.

STUDY OF FAILURE MODES OF MICROELECTRONIC PACKAGING MODULES BY HOLOGRAPHY QUASI PROJECTION MOIRE METHOD

In this paper, a novel interferometric method with a wide range of sensitivities, called holography quasi projection moire, is proposed. It combines the features of the variated double projection moire method and the holographic interferometry method. This technique is used to study the failure modes of microelectronic packaging modules.

基于极化-相位调制的雷达通信一体化波束方向图设计

为进一步实现雷达与通信系统的高效协同,提出一种基于极化相位联合调制的雷达通信一体化发射波束方向图设计方法。首先,通过正交子空间投影方法将权矢量投影至指定流形空间的零空间;然后,针对通信与探测权矢量的不同指标设计目标函数并通过优化算法求解,以实现通信信息的嵌入与极化控制;最后,添加人工噪声干扰以降低非通信方向对通信信息的截获概率。仿真结果表明所提方法可以实现极化调控和旁瓣约束,通信信号相比于已有方法具有更高的传输速率和抗截获概率。

F-perfect Rings and Modules

Let R be a ring, and let （F, C） be a cotorsion theory. In this article, the notion of F-perfect rings is introduced as a nontrial generalization of perfect rings and A-perfect rings. A ring R is said to be right dr-perfect if F is projective relative to R for any F ∈ F. We give some characterizations of F-perfect rings. For example, we show that a ring R is right F-perfect if and only if F-covers of finitely generated modules are projective. Moreover, we define F-perfect modules and investigate some properties of them.

Strongly Ding projective modules with respect to a semidualizing module

This paper is a study of strongly Ding projective modules with respect to a semidualizing module. The class of strongly Ding flat modules with respect to a semidualizing module is also investigated, and the relationship between strongly Ding projective modules and strongly Ding flat modules with respect to a semidualizing module is characterized.Some well-known results on strongly Ding projective modules, n-strongly Ding projective modules and strongly D_C-projective modules are generalized and unified.

Frobenius扩张下的PGF■n-模与Gorenstein■n-平坦模

设R■S是环的Frobenius扩张,M是一个S-模.证明如果R■S是可分Frobenius扩张,则SM是投射余可解的Gorenstein■n-平坦模(Gorenstein■n-平坦模)当且仅当RM是投射余可解的Gorenstein■n-平坦模(Gorenstein■n-平坦模).

Frobenius双模和相对n-Gorenstein投射模

设R和S均是环,SMR是一Frobenius双模,MR是生成子.χ是一左R-模类,y是一左S-模类.在一定条件下,证明左R-模X是n-X-Gorenstein投射模当且仅当M■RX是n-y-Gorenstein投射左S-模.进而证明当F:RM→SM是忠实的Frobenius函子时,n-GX-pdR(X)=n-Gy-pdS(F(X)).

关于弱Gorenstein gr-平坦模

设R是分次环,引入了左分次WGF-封闭环,证明了弱Gorenstein gr-平坦模类是投射可解的当且仅当它对扩张封闭;同时,证明了如果R是左分次WGF-封闭环,则弱Gorenstein gr-平坦模类对正向极限封闭.

Eventually homological isomorphisms and Gorenstein projective modules

We prove that a certain eventually homological isomorphism between module categories induces triangle equivalences between their singularity categories,Gorenstein defect categories and stable categories of Gorenstein projective modules.Furthermore,we show that the Auslander-Reiten conjecture and the Gorenstein symmetry conjecture can be reduced by eventually homological isomorphisms.Applying these results to arrow removal and vertex removal,we describe the Gorenstein projective modules over some non-monomial algebras and verify the Auslander-Reiten conjecture for certain algebras.

Risk measurement of international oil and gas projects based on the Value at Risk method

International oil and gas projects feature high capital-intensity, high risks and contract diversity. Therefore, in order to help decision makers make more reasonable decisions under uncertainty, it is necessary to measure the risks of international oil and gas projects. For this purpose, this paper constructs a probabilistic model that is based on the traditional economic evaluation model, and introduces value at risk(VaR) which is a valuable risk measure tool in finance, and applies Va R to measure the risks of royalty contracts, production share contracts and service contracts of an international oil and gas project. Besides, this paper compares the influences of different risk factors on the net present value(NPV) of the project by using the simulation results. The results indicate:(1) risks have great impacts on the project's NPV, therefore, if risks are overlooked, the decision may be wrong.(2) A simulation method is applied to simulate the stochastic distribution of risk factors in the probabilistic model. Therefore, the probability is related to the project's NPV, overcoming the inherent limitation of the traditional economic evaluation method.(3) VaR is a straightforward risk measure tool, and can be applied to evaluate the risks of international oil and gas projects. It is helpful for decision making.

A class of fully third-order accurate projection methods for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, a fully third-order accurate projection method for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is proposed. To construct the scheme, a continuous projection procedure is firstly presented. We then derive a sufficient condition for the continuous projection equations to be temporally third-order accurate approximations of the original Navier-Stokes equations by means of the localtruncation-error-analysis technique. The continuous projection equations are discretized temporally and spatially to third-order accuracy on the staggered grids, resulting in a fully third-order discrete projection scheme. The possibility to design higher-order projection methods is thus demonstrated in the present paper. A heuristic stability analysis is performed on this projection method showing the probability of its being stable. The stability of the present scheme is further verified through numerical tests. The third-order accuracy of the present projection method is validated by several numerical test cases.

Some Equivalences and Dualities via Static Modules

For a ring A, an extension ring B, a fixed right A-module M, the endomorphism ring D formed by M, the endomorphism ring E formed by , and the endomorphism ring F formed by HomA (B,M), we present equivalences and dualities between subcategories of B-modules which are finitely cogenerated injective as A-modules and E-modules and F-modules which are finitely generated projective as D-modules.

Comment on the Recent Start of a New “IUPAC-Project”

The opening of a new IUPAC-project is highly appreciated. In the year 2009, the IUPAC had published an article “Discovery of the element with atomic number 112 (IUPAC Technical Report)” [1]* which contains a section on the work of the Marinov collaboration. It appears that this section is not always in agreement with conventional standards for scientific publications. This present comment focuses on these formal questions.

FC-投射复形

讨论了FC-投射复形的基本同调性质,证明了复形C是FC-投射复形当且仅当其每个层次的模都是FC-投射模,并且对任意有限余表示复形Q,(C,Q)是正合复形.

三角矩阵环上投射余可解的Gorenstein AC-平坦模

引入投射余可解的Gorenstein AC-平坦模的概念(简记为PGACF-模),给出这类模的等价条件.设T=(A 0 U B)是三角矩阵环,其中A,B是环,U是B,A-双模.在一定条件下,证明了如果M=(M_(1) M_(2))_(φ^(M))是PGACF左T-模,那么M_(1)是PGACF左A-模,Cokerφ^(M)是PGACF左B-模,且φ^(M)是单同态;若PGACF-模的类对扩张封闭,则上述结论反过来也成立.

一类Morita环上的N-平坦模

设■是MORITA环。在一定条件下证明了Λ_((0,0))上的N-平坦模与A上的N-平坦模和B上的N-平坦模存在某种对应关系,同时给出了如何用A上的N-平坦模和B上的N-平坦模去构造Λ_((0,0))上特殊的N-平坦模。