1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determination of the modulus of rupture of dense and insulating shaped refractory products at ambient temperature, under conditions of a constant rate of increase of s...1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determination of the modulus of rupture of dense and insulating shaped refractory products at ambient temperature, under conditions of a constant rate of increase of stress.展开更多
Tree improvement programs on loblolly pine(Pinus taeda) in the southeastern USA has focused primarily on improving growth, form, and disease tolerance.However, due to the recent reduction of design values for visually...Tree improvement programs on loblolly pine(Pinus taeda) in the southeastern USA has focused primarily on improving growth, form, and disease tolerance.However, due to the recent reduction of design values for visually graded southern yellow pine lumber(including loblolly pine), attention has been drawn to the material quality of genetically improved loblolly pine. In this study,we used the time-of-flight(TOF) acoustic tool to assess the effect of genetic families on diameter, slenderness, fiber length, microfibril angle(MFA), velocity and dynamic stiffness estimated using green density(DMOEG) and basic density(DMOEB) of 14-year-old loblolly pine stands selected from two sites. All the 184 and 204 trees of the selected eight half-sib genetic families on sites 1 and 2 respectively were tested using TOF acoustic tool, and two 5 mm core samples taken at breast height level(1.3 m)used to for the anatomical and physical properties analysis.The results indicated a significant positive linear relationship between dynamic MOEs(DMOEGand DMOEB)versus tree diameter, slenderness, and fiber length while dynamic MOEs negatively but nonsignificant correlated with MFA. While there was no significant difference in DMOEBbetween sites; velocity 2 for site 1 was significantly higher than site 2 but DMOEGwas higher for site 2 than site 1. Again, the mean DMOEGand DMOEBreported in the present study presents a snapshot of the expected static MOE for green and 12% moisture conditions respectively for loblolly pine. Furthermore, there were significant differences between families for most of the traits measured and this suggests that forest managers have the opportunity to select families that exhibit the desired fiber morphology for final product performance. Lastly,since the dynamic MOE based on green density(DMOEG),basic density(DMOEB) and velocity 2 present difference conclusions, practitioners of this type of acoustic technique should take care when extrapolating results across the sites.展开更多
The hot-press temperature curves were researched and effects of hot-pressing temperature,thickness of veneer and the numbers of layer on mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber(LVL)were analyzed with emphasis...The hot-press temperature curves were researched and effects of hot-pressing temperature,thickness of veneer and the numbers of layer on mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber(LVL)were analyzed with emphasis in the paper.Results showed that there was positive relationship between hot-pressing temperature and modulus of elastic(MOE);the modulus of rupture(MOR)of LVL was best when manufactured at 160 ℃.When the thickness of veneers was 3.25 mm the LVL usually destroyed due to veneer tearing;while when the thickness of veneers was 1.70 mm it easily splited in adhesive layer;the mechanical properties of LVL were best when the thickness of veneers was 1.70 mm;the 3 multinomial degrees of fitting the numbers of layers with MOE and MOR of Eucalyptus LVL matched very well,the R2 value were 0.951 6 and 0.981 2,respectively.展开更多
文摘1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determination of the modulus of rupture of dense and insulating shaped refractory products at ambient temperature, under conditions of a constant rate of increase of stress.
基金supported by the Auburn University Intramural funds
文摘Tree improvement programs on loblolly pine(Pinus taeda) in the southeastern USA has focused primarily on improving growth, form, and disease tolerance.However, due to the recent reduction of design values for visually graded southern yellow pine lumber(including loblolly pine), attention has been drawn to the material quality of genetically improved loblolly pine. In this study,we used the time-of-flight(TOF) acoustic tool to assess the effect of genetic families on diameter, slenderness, fiber length, microfibril angle(MFA), velocity and dynamic stiffness estimated using green density(DMOEG) and basic density(DMOEB) of 14-year-old loblolly pine stands selected from two sites. All the 184 and 204 trees of the selected eight half-sib genetic families on sites 1 and 2 respectively were tested using TOF acoustic tool, and two 5 mm core samples taken at breast height level(1.3 m)used to for the anatomical and physical properties analysis.The results indicated a significant positive linear relationship between dynamic MOEs(DMOEGand DMOEB)versus tree diameter, slenderness, and fiber length while dynamic MOEs negatively but nonsignificant correlated with MFA. While there was no significant difference in DMOEBbetween sites; velocity 2 for site 1 was significantly higher than site 2 but DMOEGwas higher for site 2 than site 1. Again, the mean DMOEGand DMOEBreported in the present study presents a snapshot of the expected static MOE for green and 12% moisture conditions respectively for loblolly pine. Furthermore, there were significant differences between families for most of the traits measured and this suggests that forest managers have the opportunity to select families that exhibit the desired fiber morphology for final product performance. Lastly,since the dynamic MOE based on green density(DMOEG),basic density(DMOEB) and velocity 2 present difference conclusions, practitioners of this type of acoustic technique should take care when extrapolating results across the sites.
文摘The hot-press temperature curves were researched and effects of hot-pressing temperature,thickness of veneer and the numbers of layer on mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber(LVL)were analyzed with emphasis in the paper.Results showed that there was positive relationship between hot-pressing temperature and modulus of elastic(MOE);the modulus of rupture(MOR)of LVL was best when manufactured at 160 ℃.When the thickness of veneers was 3.25 mm the LVL usually destroyed due to veneer tearing;while when the thickness of veneers was 1.70 mm it easily splited in adhesive layer;the mechanical properties of LVL were best when the thickness of veneers was 1.70 mm;the 3 multinomial degrees of fitting the numbers of layers with MOE and MOR of Eucalyptus LVL matched very well,the R2 value were 0.951 6 and 0.981 2,respectively.
