Compressive property and energy absorption characteristic of interconnected porous Mg-Zn-Y alloys with adjusting Y addition

In this study,interconnected porous Mg-2Zn-xY alloys with different phase compositions were prepared by various Y additions(x=0.4,3,and 6 wt.%)to adjust the compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics.Several characterization methods were then applied to identify the microstructure of the porous Mg-Zn-Y and describe the details of the second phase.Compressive tests were performed at room temperature(RT),200℃,and 300℃to study the impact of the Y addition and testing temperature on the compressive properties of the porous Mg-Zn-Y.The experimental results showed that a high Y content promotes a microstructure refinement and increases the volume fraction of the second phase.When the Y content increases,different Mg-Zn-Y ternary phases appear:I-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(6)Y),W-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(3)Y_(2)),and LPSO phase(Mg_(12)ZnY).When the Y content ranges between 0.4%and 6%,the compressive strength increases from 6.30MPa to 9.23 MPa,and the energy absorption capacity increases from 7.33 MJ/m^(3)to 10.97 MJ/m^(3)at RT,which is mainly attributed to the phase composition and volume fraction of the second phase.However,the average energy absorption efficiency is independent of the Y content.In addition,the compressive deformation behaviors of the porous Mg-Zn-Y are altered by the testing temperature.The compressive strength and energy absorption capacity of the porous Mg-Zn-Y decrease due to the softening effect of the high temperature on the struts.The deformation behaviors at different temperatures are finally observed to reflect the failure mechanisms of the struts.

Differential aluminum tolerance and absorption characteristics in Pinus massoniana seedlings colonized with ectomycorrhizal fungi of Lactarius deliciosus and Pisolithus tinctorius

Plant tolerance to aluminum(Al)toxicity can be enhanced by an ectomycorrhizal(ECM)fungus through biological filtering or physical blockage.To understand the roles of ECM colonization in Al absorption with regard to Al tolerance,Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with either Lactarius deliciosus(L.:Fr.)Gray isolate 2 or Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.)Coker et Couch isolate 715 and cultivated in an acid yellow soil with or without 1.0 mM Al^(3+)irrigation for 10 weeks.Biomass production,Al bioaccumulation and transport in seedlings colonized by the two ECM fungi were compared,and the three absorption kinetics(pseudo-first order,pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion)models used to evaluate variances in root Al^(3+)absorption capacity.Results show that both fungi increased aboveground biomass and Al tolerance of P.massoniana seedlings,but L.deliciosus 2 was more effective than P.tinctorius 715.Lower Al absorption capacity,fewer available active sites and decreased affinity and boundary layer thickness for Al^(3+),and higher Al accumulation and translocation contributed to the increased Al tolerance in the ECM-inoculated seedlings.These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms and strategies in plant Alto lerance conferred by ECM fungi and show that inoculation with L.deliciosus will better enhance Al tolerance in P.massoniana seedlings used for forest plantation and ecosystem restoration in acidic soils,particularly in Southwest China and similar soils worldwide.

Accumulation behavior of heavy metals by Bidens pilosa L.from metallurgical slag:effects on plant physiology and absorption characteristics

Many of the abandoned mining and industrial land in villages and towns are seriously polluted by heavy metals in China,it is necessary for sustainable development to adopt efficient and economical ways to restore the ecology of abandoned mining and industrial land.Pollution level of topsoil contaminated with metallurgical slag from nonferrous metal smelting waste site in Baoding,North China and the heavy metals(HMs)accumulation behavior of Bidens pilosa L.(B.pilosa,native pioneer plant)were studied.Two selected study sites were mainly contaminated by As(270~434 mg/kg),Cd(63~95 mg/kg),Pb(5496~24504 mg/kg)and Zn(4500~21300 mg/kg),which exceed the national standard severely.Investigation of multi-metal accumulation in different parts of B.pilosa indicated that the absorption of toxic metals varied by types,concentration and species of HMs under stress conditions,soil property and plant tissues.The results showed that B.pilosa had excellent ability to accumulate HMs under different HMs stress condition,with the highest accumulation concentration of 85 mg/kg for As,380 mg/kg for Cd,4000 mg/kg for Pb,and 7500 mg/kg for Zn in roots under experimental conditions,respectively.The growth trend of B.pilosa declined with the increase of HMs stress concentration in tested soils.HMs stress led to different degrees of plant toxicity and obstruction of physiological metabolism.Among the plant physiological index,Chla and ChlT decreased 28.0%and 28.1%,37.3%and 35.5%under different stress treatments,respectively.Indicators related to physiological metabolic strength and stress resistance of plant,such as MDA(Malondiadehyde),CAT(catalase),SOD(superoxide dismutase)and SP(soluble protein),all increased with the increase of HMs stress concentration.

Non-isothermal microwave leaching kinetics and absorption characteristics of primary titanium-rich materials

The non-isothermal leaching kinetics of primary titanium-rich material by microwave heating was investigated,and the temperature-pressure curves of leaching system and microwave absorption characteristics of mixture solutions before and after leaching were measured.The research of non-isothermal kinetics was evaluated by the leaching rate of Fe and the total apparent velocity equation of the non-isothermal kinetics of leaching for primary titanium-rich material by microwave heating was obtained.It is shown from the temperature-pressure curves that the high temperature and high pressure of closed leaching system are favorable to the enhancement of the leaching rate of Fe.Microwave absorption characteristics of mixture solutions before and after leaching show that there are abrupt changes of microwave absorption characteristics for 15%HCl solution and the mixture solution after leaching by 20%HCl.

Effects of heat treatment on dynamic compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics of open-cell aluminum alloy foams

The effects of heat treatment on the dynamic compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics of open cell aluminum alloy foams (Al-Mg-Si alloy foam and Al-Cu-Mg alloy foam) produced by infiltrating process were studied. Two kinds of heat treatment were exploited: age-hardening and solution heat treating plus age-hardening (T6). The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used for high strain rate compression test. The results show that both age-hardened and T6-strengthened foams exhibit improved compression strength and shortened plateau region compared with that of foams in as-fabricated state under high strain rate compression, and the energy absorption capacity is also influenced significantly by heat treatment. It is worthy to note that omitting the solution treating can also improve the strength and energy absorbed much.

STUDY ON EVOLUTION REGULARITIES AND ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFIDE DURING BITUMINOUS BRIQUETTE HORIZONTAL COMBUSTION

This paper discusses the evolution regularity and the absorption characters of sulfide for bituminous briquette burned in a horizontal burning fornace. The evolution rate of sulphur is affected by some factors, such as the sulphur content in the burning coal, burning time and the mean excess air coefficient in the furnace. With processing the experimental result, the calculation related expression has been obtained to predict the evolution rate of sulfide. The sulphur absorption efficiency of briquette is affected by tbe factors such as the character of the sulphur sorbent, the type of the coal and the operating parameters. By means of appropriately adjusting the calciumsulphur mole ratio, the mean excess air coefficient and the time-interval between pushing two layer briquettes, a high sulphur absorption efficiency (>74% ) can be obtained.

Consistency of intensity ratio between spectral lines with similar self-absorption characteristics during ungated laser induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements

This work reports that the intensity ratio of spectral lines having similar self-absorption characteristics during laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) analysis can become nearly constant over a wide range of irradiation conditions if the intensities are integrated over a sufficiently long time. It is shown that the plasma temperature and intensity ratio of these spectral lines have temporal similarity. The spectral lines with similar self-absorption properties may be selected to improve the accuracy and consistency of LIBS analysis results under an environment with fluctuating measurement conditions.

Production characteristics and displacement mechanisms of infilling polymer-surfactant-preformed particle gel flooding in post-polymer flooding reservoirs:A review of practice in Ng3 block of Gudao Oilfield

The pilot test of infilling polymer-surfactant-preformed particle gel(PPG)flooding has been successfully implemented after polymer flooding in Ng3 block of Gudao Oilfield in China.However,the production characteristics and displacement mechanisms are still unclear,which restricts its further popularization and application.Aiming at this problem,this paper firstly analyzes the production performance of the pilot test and proposed four response types according to the change of water cut curves,including W-type,U-type,V-type response,and no response.Furthermore,the underlying reasons of these four types are analyzed from the aspects of seepage resistance and sweep efficiency.The overall sweep efficiency of gradual-rising W-type,gradual-decreasing W-type,and early V-type response increases from 0.81 to 0.93,0.55 to 0.89,and 0.94 to 1,respectively.And the sum of seepage resistance along the connection line between production well and injection well for U-type and delayed V-type response increases from 0.0994 to 0.2425,and 0.0677 to 0.1654,respectively.Then,the remaining oil distribution after polymer flooding is summarized into four types on the basis of production and geological characteristics,namely disconnected remaining oil,streamline unswept remaining oil,rhythm remaining oil,and interlayer-controlled remaining oil.Furthermore,the main displacement mechanisms for each type are clarified based on the dimensionless seepage resistance and water absorption profile.Generally,improving connectivity by well pattern infilling is the most important for producing disconnected remaining oil.The synergistic effect of well pattern infilling and polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding increases the dimensionless seepage resistance of water channeling regions and forces the subsequent injected water to turn to regions with streamline unswept remaining oil.The improvement of the water absorption profile by polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding and separated layer water injection contributes to displacing rhythm remaining oil and interlayer-controlled remaining oil.Finally,the paper analyzes the relationships between the remaining oil distribution after polymer flooding and production characteristics of infilling polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding.The study helps to deepen the understanding of infilling polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding and has reference significance for more commercial implementations in the future.

Absorption characteristic of arc plasma in the infrared region

In this paper,argon arc plasma is chosen as an example to study the absorption characteristics of arc plasma in the infrared region.Firstly,the phase and the attenuation constants are deduced for the given temperature,pressure and probe wavelength regions.Based on those constants,the dependence of the attenuation constant on the temperature and pressure in the vicinity of a certain probe wavelength is found.Then,theoretical analysis and discussion are conducted.Maximal absorption occurs at the position where the contributions of neutral particles and electrons come to a balance in a physical point of view,which may provide some measures to take for decreasing or controlling the plasma absorption of electromagnetic waves.

Energy-absorption forecast of thin-walled structure by GA-BP hybrid algorithm

In order to analyze the influence rule of experimental parameters on the energy-absorption characteristics and effectively forecast energy-absorption characteristic of thin-walled structure, the forecast model of GA-BP hybrid algorithm was presented by unifing respective applicability of back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA). The detailed process was as follows. Firstly, the GA trained the best weights and thresholds as the initial values of BP-ANN to initialize the neural network. Then, the BP-ANN after initialization was trained until the errors converged to the required precision. Finally, the network model, which met the requirements after being examined by the test samples, was applied to energy-absorption forecast of thin-walled cylindrical structure impacting. After example analysis, the GA-BP network model was trained until getting the desired network error only by 46 steps, while the single BP-ANN model achieved the same network error by 992 steps, which obviously shows that the GA-BP hybrid algorithm has faster convergence rate. The average relative forecast error (A RE ) of the S EA predictive results obtained by GA-BP hybrid algorithm is 1.543%, while the A RE of the S EA predictive results obtained by BP-ANN is 2.950%, which clearly indicates that the forecast precision of the GA-BP hybrid algorithm is higher than that of the BP-ANN.

Experimental research on hydrophilic characteristics of natural soft rock at high stress state

In order to study features of rock–water interaction, a self-developed experimental system called Intelligent Testing System for Water Absorption in Deep Soft Rocks(ITSWADSR) was utilized to analyze the hydrophilic behaviors of natural soft rock at high stress state. Combining X-ray diffraction and mercury injection test, main influencing factors on hydrophilic characteristics were studied. According to the results, it could be concluded as the following:(1) the effective porosity, and the content of illite, illite/smectite formation(S = 5%) and kaolinite have positive correlation with the water absorption capacity of rock; meanwhile, the initial moisture content, fractal dimension of effective pores, illite/smectite formation(S = 30%) and chlorite present negative correlation;(2) among the positive factors, the ascending order is kaolinite, illite/smectite formation(S = 5%) and illite;(3) the descending order among the negative factors are chlorite, illite/smectite formation(S = 30%) and fractal dimension of the effective pores;(4) influence of effective porosity on the pressurized water absorbing capacity of rock is minimal, while it is maximal in the process of no pressurized water absorption.

Mechanical characteristics of composite honeycomb sandwichstructures under oblique impact

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)and CFRP-based composite honeycomb sandwich structures are particularly sensitive to impact.The mechanical characteristics of composite honeycomb sandwich structures under oblique impact are studied by numerical simulation and experiment.The oblique impact model is established,and the reliability of the model is verified by the oblique impact test.To further analyze the influence of structural parameters on energy absorption under oblique impact,the influence of impact angle,face sheet thickness and wall thickness of the honeycomb is numerically studied.The results show that the impact angle has an important effect on energy distribution.The structural parameters also have an effect on the peak contact force,contact time,and energy absorption,and the effect is different from normal impact due to the presence of frictional dissipation energy.Compared with normal impact,the debonding of oblique impact will be reduced,but the buckling range of the honeycomb core will be expanded.

Study on Performance and Mechanism of Oil Absorption Materials

Both the commonly used and the PHBV based oil absorption materials were studied and the absorption mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the oil pick up ratios and the absorption rates of molded PHBV are almost the same as that of oil absorption polypropylene felt. In addition, the oil keeping ability of molded PHBV is superior to the latter. So the PHBV is a valuable and bio degradable oil absorption material.

Comparison of intestinal absorption characteristics between rhubarb traditional Chinese medicine preparation and activity ingredients using in situ and in vitro model

Objective: The intestinal absorption characteristics of active ingredients are very important for oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.However, a deeper understanding about active ingredients absorption characteristics is still lack. The aim of this study was to investigate the absorption properties and mechanism of rhubarb active ingredients in TCM preparation and pure form.Methods: The intestinal absorption behavior of active ingredients in Shenkang extract(SKE) and rhubarb anthraquinone ingredients(RAI) were investigated by in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model. And the bidirectional transport characteristics of these active ingredients were assessed by in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer model.Results: In situ experiment on Sprague-Dawley rats, the effective permeability coefficient values of aloeemodin, emodin and chrysophanol in RAI were higher than those in SKE, and the value of rhein in RAI was lower than that in SKE. But the easily absorbed segments of intestine were consistent for all ingredients,whether in SKE or in RAI. In vitro experiment, the apparent permeability coefficient values of rhein, emodin and chrysophanol in RAI were higher than those in SKE, and this value of aloe-emodin in RAI was lower than that in SKE. But their efflux ratio(ER) values in SKE and RAI were all similar.Conclusion: Four rhubarb anthraquinone ingredients in SKE and RAI have similar absorption mechanism and different absorption behavior, and the microenvironment of the study models influenced their absorption behavior. The results may provide an aid for understanding of the absorption characteristics of the TCM active ingredients in complex environments and the complementarities of different research models.

不同种皮预处理对滇牡丹种子吸水特性及萌发的影响

[目的]了解不同种皮预处理滇牡丹种子的吸水特性及萌发情况。[方法]测定4种不同种皮预处理滇牡丹种子萌发过程的物理吸水曲线并拟合曲线回归方程,进一步观测该批种子在15℃温箱中的萌发情况并进行相关分析。[结果]滇牡丹种子吸水到饱和所需的时间为144~216 h,浸泡时间与吸水量之间的关系符合对数曲线;萌发情况以50℃热水处理的滇牡丹生根率最高,达93.33%,其平均根长、平均侧根数、平均芽长、侧根率、萌发率均在各处理中最高;平均根长与平均侧根数、侧根率呈极显著正相关,萌芽率与平均侧根数、平均芽长、侧根率呈显著正相关。[结论]不同种皮预处理能有效提高种子吸水率,减少种子浸泡时间;种子播前通过较长时间(144~216 h)的水浸泡可提高滇牡丹种子的生根率,宜采用50℃热水处理滇牡丹种子。

湿热处理对红薯淀粉特性的影响

为了研究湿热处理对红薯淀粉理化和结构等特性的影响,以五种红薯淀粉为实验对象,测定并分析湿热处理后淀粉溶解度、膨润力、持水力、透光率、凝沉性等理化特性的变化情况,进而探明湿热处理对不同初始含水量红薯淀粉吸水特性及晶体结构的影响规律。结果表明,经湿热处理后红薯淀粉的溶解度、膨润力、凝沉性与透光率均较原淀粉降低,持水力均增强,且五种红薯淀粉均呈现相同趋势,说明红薯品种与湿热处理对淀粉性质的影响规律无显著相关性。经湿热处理后红薯淀粉未见新的衍射特征峰,晶体类型仍为C型,而衍射强度和结晶度降低。湿热处理淀粉吸水达到平衡所需要时间较原淀粉短,且饱和吸水量较原淀粉有减小的趋势。利用Peleg模型方程模拟湿热处理后红薯淀粉的吸水规律,并计算出浸泡动力学吸水常数K1和K2,确定了淀粉的吸水动力学方程,可预测湿热处理后红薯淀粉在浸泡过程中的水分含量。

数字经济何以赋能地方财政汲取能力——基于空间效应与门槛特征的实证分析

以2007—2020年我国部分省、自治区、直辖市面板数据为分析对象,运用空间杜宾和面板门槛模型实证检验数字经济对地方财政汲取能力的空间效应、区位异质性以及门槛特征。研究发现:数字经济不仅能够有效提升本地政府财政汲取能力,更是能够对邻地政府财政汲取能力产生正向空间溢出效应;区域异质性检验发现,数字经济对财政汲取能力的直接效应在东、中部显著,西部不显著,空间溢出效应仅在东部显著,中、西部不显著;门槛检验发现,数字经济对财政汲取能力的影响存在显著的非线性特征,其影响随数字经济水平、财政分权程度提升呈现边际效应递增趋势。

防冲击地压薄壁吸能构件的压溃吸能机理分析

当煤矿井下发生冲击地压时,矿用液压支架的冲击性失效,常常会引起巷道支护系统的破坏,进而引发巷道坍塌,造成矿难。当前通过添加吸能构件来提高支架的防冲击性能是防治巷道冲击地压的有效途径之一。而不同类型吸能构件的压溃变形模式不同,表现出的吸能特性和力学特性也不同。本文采用数值方法对不同类型、支座和壁厚的吸能构件进行了冲击压溃模拟,通过对各相关防冲吸能参数的对比分析可知:预折纹吸能构件支撑反力最大、具有良好的吸能能力,但变形过程稳定性较差;外翻式吸能构件的塑性变形能力强,有效让位行程最大,但支撑力较小,不适合单独使用;扩径式吸能构件变形过程稳定性最好,其塑性变形后的径向位移较小,节省工作空间,但支撑能力较差,适用于小型液压支架或用作其他特殊用途。

隧道减震层聚丙烯泡沫混凝土力学性能分析

隧道减震层为提升高烈度地震区隧道抗震性能的重要措施,减震层的材料性能是影响隧道减震效果重要因素。为探究一种适合隧道减震层的聚丙烯泡沫混凝土,并对其制备工艺及力学吸能特性进行分析。基于聚丙烯泡沫体积含量指标,采用代石法配制了多种体积含量的聚丙烯泡沫混凝土,通过试验探明了表观密度、抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比、静动态吸能特性等随聚丙烯泡沫体积含量的变化规律。研究成果表明:(1)当发泡聚丙烯(EPP)体积含量从0增加至28%时,表观密度为2331~1451 kg/m3,抗压强度为54.5~11.2 MPa,抗拉强度为3.6~1.6 MPa,弹性模量为34.0~16.0 GPa,泊松比为0.19~0.28,建立了物理力学性能与EPP体积含量关系表达式;(2)随着EPP体积含量的增加,混凝土静态吸能呈现先增大再减小后增大的趋势,当EPP体积含量为11%时,静态吸能效果最好;(3)随着EPP体积含量的增加,混凝土动态吸能呈现逐渐增大的趋势,当EPP体积含量为28%时,动态冲击吸能效果最好。研究成果可为聚丙烯泡沫混凝土作为减震吸能材料应用提供理论依据。

烟草废弃物提取物的双水相萃取及其化妆品功效研究

采用双水相萃取法制备烟草废弃物提取物,探究不同萃取条件对其中上相多酚得率的影响,并探讨其抗氧化活性、紫外吸收特性和细胞毒性。结果表明:当料液质量比为1∶60,搅拌时间为30 min,(NH4)2SO4质量分数为23.3%,乙醇质量分数为23.5%时,上相多酚得率最高,为48.59 mg/g;该萃取条件下,烟草废弃物提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性,当质量浓度为2 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基清除率达98%,对ABTS自由基清除率达78%;当提取物质量浓度为0.5 mg/mL时,具有较好的紫外吸收特性,有一定的光防护功效;当提取物质量浓度在0~1.2 mg/mL范围内时,对Hacat细胞无细胞毒性,有望成为天然无刺激的功效型化妆品原料。