Genus Grateloupia is one of the most speciose genera in family Halymeniales. It is also one of the sources for natural materials, food and medicine. With different environments, Grateloupia change their morphological ...Genus Grateloupia is one of the most speciose genera in family Halymeniales. It is also one of the sources for natural materials, food and medicine. With different environments, Grateloupia change their morphological characteristics, making their morphological identification very difficult. In addition, few of the species diversity in this genus has been described before. In this study, phylogenetic analysis based on rbc L gene sequence was employed to group Grateloupia collected from three locations along Chinese coast. The microsatellites were also used to evaluate their genetic diversity. In total, the tissue parts of 6 putative species were collected from G. asiatica, G. livida, G. lanceolate, G. catenata, G. turuturu and G. filicina. In order to evaluate their genetic diversity and then conserve them better, 40 microsatellites available for Grateloupia were used to evaluate their genetic diversity, and 11 microsatellites were found to be applicable to determine the genetic diversity of G. asiatica. It was found that the genetic diversity of G. asiatica around Qingdao was very rich. We suggested that the species of genus Grateloupia should be identified based on rbc L phylogenetic analysis before the diversity evaluation with microsatellites. The microsatellites should be developed for each species of Grateloupia so that their genetic diversity can be evaluated appropriately.展开更多
Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)is one of the most important chemical reactions for the production of ammonia under ambient environment.However,the lack of in-depth understanding of the structure-acti...Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)is one of the most important chemical reactions for the production of ammonia under ambient environment.However,the lack of in-depth understanding of the structure-activity relationship impedes the development of high-performance catalysts for ammonia production.Herein,the density functional theory(DFT)calculations are performed to reveal the structure–activity relationship for the single-atom catalysts(SACs)supported on g-C_(3)N_(4),which is modified by molecular groups(i.e.,H,O,and OH).The computational results demonstrate that the W-based SACs are beneficial to produce ammonia with a low limiting potential(UL).Particularly,the W-OH@g-C_(3)N_(4) catalyst exhibits an ultralow UL of−0.22 V for eNRR.And the competitive eNRR selectivity can be identified by the dominant*N2 adsorption free energy than that of*H.Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of efficient catalysts to produce ammonia.展开更多
Group A streptococcus （GAS） causes a wide range of diseases in the human population. GAS diseases are more common in children than in adults, with clinical manifestations ranging from pharyngitis and impetigo to inv...Group A streptococcus （GAS） causes a wide range of diseases in the human population. GAS diseases are more common in children than in adults, with clinical manifestations ranging from pharyngitis and impetigo to invasive infections and post streptococcal sequelae, such as acute rheumatic fever and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis[1]. GAS harbors a host of virulence factors that contribute to its complex pathogenicity and differences in the disease severity and frequency. M protein, one of the major virulence factors, is encoded by the emm gene induces a type of specific host immune response and confers antiphagocytic properties.展开更多
In complex feed structures, there exist main chemical functional groups which are associated with nutrient utilization and availability and functionality. Each functional group has unique molecular structure therefore...In complex feed structures, there exist main chemical functional groups which are associated with nutrient utilization and availability and functionality. Each functional group has unique molecular structure therefore produce unique molecular vibration spectral profile. Feed processing has been used to improve nutrient utilization for many years. However, to date, there was little study on processing-induced changes of feed intrinsic structure and functional groups on a molecular basis within intact tissue. This is because limited research technique is available to study inherent structure on a molecular basis. Recently bioanalytical techniques： such as Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy as well as Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform molecular spectroscopy have been developed. These techniques enable to detect molecular structure change within intact tissues. These techniques can prevent destruction or alteration of the intrinsic protein structures during processing for analysis. However, these techniques have not been used in animal feed and nutrition research. The objective of this review was show that with the advanced technique, sensitivity and responses of functional groups to feed processing on a molecular basis could be detected in my research team. These functional groups are highly associated with nutrient utilization in animals.展开更多
Objectives: Accurately identifying the Antigens (Ags) on recipient red blood cells (RBCs) is critical in prevention of RBC alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients. The goal of this study was to compare RBC...Objectives: Accurately identifying the Antigens (Ags) on recipient red blood cells (RBCs) is critical in prevention of RBC alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients. The goal of this study was to compare RBC molecular genotyping to serological phenotyping in those patients. Methods: Serological phenotyping and molecular genotyping methods were used to study blood samples from 18 healthy blood donors and 16 transfused patients. Reticulocyte harvesting or hypotonic cell separation was added to recheck RBC phenotypes of the patients with discrepancies between phenotyping and genotyping. Results: No discrepancies were found between the two genotyping methods in all the donors and patients. 1 of 9 sickle-cell disease (SCD) patients and all 3 thalassemia patients demonstrated discrepancies in multiple blood groups between phenotyping and genotyping, which were not corrected by reticulocyte harvesting or hypotonic cell separation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that RBC molecular genotyping is superior to serological phenotyping in chronically transfused SCD or thalassemia patients.展开更多
Molecular management is a promising technology to face challenges in the refining industry, such as more stringent requirements for product oil and heavier crude oil, and to maximize the value of every molecule in pet...Molecular management is a promising technology to face challenges in the refining industry, such as more stringent requirements for product oil and heavier crude oil, and to maximize the value of every molecule in petroleum fractions. To achieve molecular management in refining processes, a novel model that is based on structure oriented lumping(SOL) and group contribution(GC) methods was proposed in this study. SOL method was applied to describe a petroleum fraction with structural increments, and GC method aimed to estimate molecular properties. The latter was achieved by associating rules between SOL structural increments and GC structures. A three-step reconstruction algorithm was developed to build a representative set of molecules from partial analytical data. First, structural distribution parameters were optimized with several properties. Then, a molecular library was created by using the optimized parameters. In the final step, maximum information entropy(MIE) method was applied to obtain a molecular fraction. Two industrial samples were used to validate the method, and the simulation results of the feedstock properties agreed well with the experimental data.展开更多
The thin fluid film was assumed to consist of a number of spherical fluid molecular groups and the attractive forces of molecular group pairs were calculated by the derived equation according to the three Hamaker homo...The thin fluid film was assumed to consist of a number of spherical fluid molecular groups and the attractive forces of molecular group pairs were calculated by the derived equation according to the three Hamaker homogeneous material hypotheses. Regarding each molecular group as a dynamics individual, the simulation method for the shearing motion of multilayer fluid molecular groups, which was initiated by two moving walls, was proposed based on the Verlet velocity iterative algorithm. The simulations reveal that the velocities of fluid molecular groups change about their respective mean velocities within a narrow range in steady state. It is also found that the velocity slips occur at the wall boundary and in a certain number of fluid film layers close to the wall. Because the dimension of molecular group and the number of group layers are not restricted, the hypothetical thickness of fluid film model can be enlarged from nanometer to micron by using the proposed simulation method.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Group transfer polymerization (GTP) is a method for controlling the structure of acrylic polymers in which reactive chain ends are covalentiy bound to a trimethylsilyl group. In the presence of a catalyst...INTRODUCTION Group transfer polymerization (GTP) is a method for controlling the structure of acrylic polymers in which reactive chain ends are covalentiy bound to a trimethylsilyl group. In the presence of a catalyst, monomer inserts into these chain ends between the silyl group and the last monomer unit. The process is illustrated by equation (1) for methyl methacrylate. GTP is a living polymerization, i. e., there is little or no chain termination and no chain transfer. A significant advantage of GTP is that it展开更多
A TAPO-11 molecular sieve with the space group lcm2 was synthesized successfully. The samples with different space group were controlled simply only by adjusting the crystallization temperature （CT） in the hydrother...A TAPO-11 molecular sieve with the space group lcm2 was synthesized successfully. The samples with different space group were controlled simply only by adjusting the crystallization temperature （CT） in the hydrothermal system. In the system of gel with a molar composition of 0.7R- xTiO2： P2O5： Al2O3： 30H2O, where x is 0.01-0.10 and the R is a mixture of di-n-propylamine and diisopropylamine as templates. When CT was between 150-160℃, the calcined sample showed the space group of Icm^2, while it showed Pna21 at CT larger than 190℃. The characterizations of UV-Vis and FT-IR confirmed that Ti was incorporated into the AEL framework successfully.展开更多
The genus Citrus L. has a long controversial taxonomy history, and a well-resolved molecular phylogeny of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group in the future will provide new information for advancing breeding techniq...The genus Citrus L. has a long controversial taxonomy history, and a well-resolved molecular phylogeny of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group in the future will provide new information for advancing breeding techniques and developing better conservation strategies. In the present study, three cpDNA fragments （TrnL-TrnF, PsbH-PetB, and TrnS-TrnG） of 30 genotypes chosen from the six genera of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group were analyzed. A molecular phylogenetic tree of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group ＂~as reconstructed based on plastid DNA sequences. The results confirmed that the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group was monophyletic, and thereby the group was divided into genera as previously suggested based on morphological characters. The cpDNA data also suggested that Poncirus might be the first genus separated from the other five genera in the group. The genus Fortunella were of hybrid origin and Citrus might be as its putative paternal parent. The genera Microcitrus, Eremocitrus, and Clymenia were possibly monophyletic and their common ancestor might branch out from Citrus. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships within the Citrus genus were discussed.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is an emerging infection worldwide and the numbers of persons infected are increasing every year. Poor blood transfusion methods along with unsafe injection practices are potential sources for t...Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is an emerging infection worldwide and the numbers of persons infected are increasing every year. Poor blood transfusion methods along with unsafe injection practices are potential sources for the rapid spread of infection. Early detection of HCV is the need of the hour especially in high riskgroup population as these individuals are severely immunocompromised. Enzyme Immunoassays are the most common detection techniques but they provide no evidence of active viremia or identification of infected individuals in the antibody-negative phase and their efficacy is limited in individuals within high risk group population. Molecular virological techniques have an important role in detecting active infection with utmost specificity and sensitivity. Technologies for assessment of HCV antibody and RNA levels have improved remarkably, as well as our understanding of how to best use these tests in patient management. This review aims to give an overview of the different serological and molecular methods employed in detecting HCV infection used nowadays. Additionally, the review gives an insight in the new molecular techniques that are being developed to improve the detection techniques particularly in High Risk Group population who are severely immunocompromised.展开更多
基金supported by the Marine Industry Research Special Funds for Public Welfare Projects(No.201205024)
文摘Genus Grateloupia is one of the most speciose genera in family Halymeniales. It is also one of the sources for natural materials, food and medicine. With different environments, Grateloupia change their morphological characteristics, making their morphological identification very difficult. In addition, few of the species diversity in this genus has been described before. In this study, phylogenetic analysis based on rbc L gene sequence was employed to group Grateloupia collected from three locations along Chinese coast. The microsatellites were also used to evaluate their genetic diversity. In total, the tissue parts of 6 putative species were collected from G. asiatica, G. livida, G. lanceolate, G. catenata, G. turuturu and G. filicina. In order to evaluate their genetic diversity and then conserve them better, 40 microsatellites available for Grateloupia were used to evaluate their genetic diversity, and 11 microsatellites were found to be applicable to determine the genetic diversity of G. asiatica. It was found that the genetic diversity of G. asiatica around Qingdao was very rich. We suggested that the species of genus Grateloupia should be identified based on rbc L phylogenetic analysis before the diversity evaluation with microsatellites. The microsatellites should be developed for each species of Grateloupia so that their genetic diversity can be evaluated appropriately.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91934302,51762005,and 21878078)Key Projects of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2020GXNSFDA297015)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M683617XB)the Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology(No.2020K006)。
文摘Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)is one of the most important chemical reactions for the production of ammonia under ambient environment.However,the lack of in-depth understanding of the structure-activity relationship impedes the development of high-performance catalysts for ammonia production.Herein,the density functional theory(DFT)calculations are performed to reveal the structure–activity relationship for the single-atom catalysts(SACs)supported on g-C_(3)N_(4),which is modified by molecular groups(i.e.,H,O,and OH).The computational results demonstrate that the W-based SACs are beneficial to produce ammonia with a low limiting potential(UL).Particularly,the W-OH@g-C_(3)N_(4) catalyst exhibits an ultralow UL of−0.22 V for eNRR.And the competitive eNRR selectivity can be identified by the dominant*N2 adsorption free energy than that of*H.Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of efficient catalysts to produce ammonia.
文摘Group A streptococcus （GAS） causes a wide range of diseases in the human population. GAS diseases are more common in children than in adults, with clinical manifestations ranging from pharyngitis and impetigo to invasive infections and post streptococcal sequelae, such as acute rheumatic fever and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis[1]. GAS harbors a host of virulence factors that contribute to its complex pathogenicity and differences in the disease severity and frequency. M protein, one of the major virulence factors, is encoded by the emm gene induces a type of specific host immune response and confers antiphagocytic properties.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)SaskCanola Funding+1 种基金Saskatchewan Agricultural Development Fund (ADF)Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Research Chair Fund (Saskatchewan,Canada)
文摘In complex feed structures, there exist main chemical functional groups which are associated with nutrient utilization and availability and functionality. Each functional group has unique molecular structure therefore produce unique molecular vibration spectral profile. Feed processing has been used to improve nutrient utilization for many years. However, to date, there was little study on processing-induced changes of feed intrinsic structure and functional groups on a molecular basis within intact tissue. This is because limited research technique is available to study inherent structure on a molecular basis. Recently bioanalytical techniques： such as Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy as well as Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform molecular spectroscopy have been developed. These techniques enable to detect molecular structure change within intact tissues. These techniques can prevent destruction or alteration of the intrinsic protein structures during processing for analysis. However, these techniques have not been used in animal feed and nutrition research. The objective of this review was show that with the advanced technique, sensitivity and responses of functional groups to feed processing on a molecular basis could be detected in my research team. These functional groups are highly associated with nutrient utilization in animals.
文摘Objectives: Accurately identifying the Antigens (Ags) on recipient red blood cells (RBCs) is critical in prevention of RBC alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients. The goal of this study was to compare RBC molecular genotyping to serological phenotyping in those patients. Methods: Serological phenotyping and molecular genotyping methods were used to study blood samples from 18 healthy blood donors and 16 transfused patients. Reticulocyte harvesting or hypotonic cell separation was added to recheck RBC phenotypes of the patients with discrepancies between phenotyping and genotyping. Results: No discrepancies were found between the two genotyping methods in all the donors and patients. 1 of 9 sickle-cell disease (SCD) patients and all 3 thalassemia patients demonstrated discrepancies in multiple blood groups between phenotyping and genotyping, which were not corrected by reticulocyte harvesting or hypotonic cell separation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that RBC molecular genotyping is superior to serological phenotyping in chronically transfused SCD or thalassemia patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1462206)
文摘Molecular management is a promising technology to face challenges in the refining industry, such as more stringent requirements for product oil and heavier crude oil, and to maximize the value of every molecule in petroleum fractions. To achieve molecular management in refining processes, a novel model that is based on structure oriented lumping(SOL) and group contribution(GC) methods was proposed in this study. SOL method was applied to describe a petroleum fraction with structural increments, and GC method aimed to estimate molecular properties. The latter was achieved by associating rules between SOL structural increments and GC structures. A three-step reconstruction algorithm was developed to build a representative set of molecules from partial analytical data. First, structural distribution parameters were optimized with several properties. Then, a molecular library was created by using the optimized parameters. In the final step, maximum information entropy(MIE) method was applied to obtain a molecular fraction. Two industrial samples were used to validate the method, and the simulation results of the feedstock properties agreed well with the experimental data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10872088)the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant Nos. 20070291004 and 20093221120009)the Academic Discipline Construction Fund of Nanjing University of Technology
文摘The thin fluid film was assumed to consist of a number of spherical fluid molecular groups and the attractive forces of molecular group pairs were calculated by the derived equation according to the three Hamaker homogeneous material hypotheses. Regarding each molecular group as a dynamics individual, the simulation method for the shearing motion of multilayer fluid molecular groups, which was initiated by two moving walls, was proposed based on the Verlet velocity iterative algorithm. The simulations reveal that the velocities of fluid molecular groups change about their respective mean velocities within a narrow range in steady state. It is also found that the velocity slips occur at the wall boundary and in a certain number of fluid film layers close to the wall. Because the dimension of molecular group and the number of group layers are not restricted, the hypothetical thickness of fluid film model can be enlarged from nanometer to micron by using the proposed simulation method.
文摘INTRODUCTION Group transfer polymerization (GTP) is a method for controlling the structure of acrylic polymers in which reactive chain ends are covalentiy bound to a trimethylsilyl group. In the presence of a catalyst, monomer inserts into these chain ends between the silyl group and the last monomer unit. The process is illustrated by equation (1) for methyl methacrylate. GTP is a living polymerization, i. e., there is little or no chain termination and no chain transfer. A significant advantage of GTP is that it
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20473027） Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality （No. 05dz22306）Pujiang project （No. 05PJ14041）.
文摘A TAPO-11 molecular sieve with the space group lcm2 was synthesized successfully. The samples with different space group were controlled simply only by adjusting the crystallization temperature （CT） in the hydrothermal system. In the system of gel with a molar composition of 0.7R- xTiO2： P2O5： Al2O3： 30H2O, where x is 0.01-0.10 and the R is a mixture of di-n-propylamine and diisopropylamine as templates. When CT was between 150-160℃, the calcined sample showed the space group of Icm^2, while it showed Pna21 at CT larger than 190℃. The characterizations of UV-Vis and FT-IR confirmed that Ti was incorporated into the AEL framework successfully.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 30671450)
文摘The genus Citrus L. has a long controversial taxonomy history, and a well-resolved molecular phylogeny of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group in the future will provide new information for advancing breeding techniques and developing better conservation strategies. In the present study, three cpDNA fragments （TrnL-TrnF, PsbH-PetB, and TrnS-TrnG） of 30 genotypes chosen from the six genera of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group were analyzed. A molecular phylogenetic tree of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group ＂~as reconstructed based on plastid DNA sequences. The results confirmed that the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group was monophyletic, and thereby the group was divided into genera as previously suggested based on morphological characters. The cpDNA data also suggested that Poncirus might be the first genus separated from the other five genera in the group. The genus Fortunella were of hybrid origin and Citrus might be as its putative paternal parent. The genera Microcitrus, Eremocitrus, and Clymenia were possibly monophyletic and their common ancestor might branch out from Citrus. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships within the Citrus genus were discussed.
文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is an emerging infection worldwide and the numbers of persons infected are increasing every year. Poor blood transfusion methods along with unsafe injection practices are potential sources for the rapid spread of infection. Early detection of HCV is the need of the hour especially in high riskgroup population as these individuals are severely immunocompromised. Enzyme Immunoassays are the most common detection techniques but they provide no evidence of active viremia or identification of infected individuals in the antibody-negative phase and their efficacy is limited in individuals within high risk group population. Molecular virological techniques have an important role in detecting active infection with utmost specificity and sensitivity. Technologies for assessment of HCV antibody and RNA levels have improved remarkably, as well as our understanding of how to best use these tests in patient management. This review aims to give an overview of the different serological and molecular methods employed in detecting HCV infection used nowadays. Additionally, the review gives an insight in the new molecular techniques that are being developed to improve the detection techniques particularly in High Risk Group population who are severely immunocompromised.
