Three series of laboratory vaporization experiments were conducted to investigate the carbon isotope fractionation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons（LMWHs）during their progressive vaporization.In addition to the ...Three series of laboratory vaporization experiments were conducted to investigate the carbon isotope fractionation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons（LMWHs）during their progressive vaporization.In addition to the analysis of a synthetic oil mixture,individual compounds were also studied either as pure single phases or mixed with soil.This allowed influences of mixing effects and diffusion though soil on the fractionation to be elucidated.The LMWHs volatilized in two broad behavior patterns that depended on their molecular weight and boiling point.Vaporization significantly enriched the ^13C present in the remaining components of the C6–C9 fraction,indicating that the vaporization is mainly kinetically controlled;the observed variations could be described with a Rayleigh fractionation model.In contrast,the heavier compounds（n-C10–n-C12）showed less mass loss and almost no significant isotopic fractionation during vaporization,indicating that the isotope characteristics remained sufficiently constant for these hydrocarbons to be used to identify the source of an oil sample,e.g.,the specific oil field or the origin of a spill.Furthermore,comparative studies suggested that matrix effects should be considered when the carbon isotope ratios of hydrocarbons are applied in the field.展开更多
With XAD-series and ion exchange resins, dissolved organic matter （DOM） from Lake Hongfeng in Southwestern China Plateau was isolated into 6 fractions, i.e., humic acid （HA）, fulvic acid （FA）, hydrophobic neutra...With XAD-series and ion exchange resins, dissolved organic matter （DOM） from Lake Hongfeng in Southwestern China Plateau was isolated into 6 fractions, i.e., humic acid （HA）, fulvic acid （FA）, hydrophobic neutrals （HON）, hydrophilic acids （HIA）, hydrophilic bases （HIB） and hydrophilic neutrals （HIN）. Those fractions were characterized by high performance size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV absorbance. Among the 6 fractions, FA was predominant and accounted for 51% of the total DOM. The weight-average （Mw） and number-averaged （Mn） molecular weight of these fractions ranged from 1688 to 2355 Da and from 1338 to 1928 Da, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between specific UV absorbance at 280 nm, E2/E3 （absorbance at 250 nm to 365 nm）, and the molecular weight for DOM fractions. UV-Vis fulvic-like fluorescence peaks were found in all fractions. Proteinlike fluorescence peaks existed in HON may indicate that microbial activity was severely in Lake Hongfeng. There was a significant relationship between fluorescence intensities and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm for those DOM fractions, suggesting their similar luminescence characteristics. The values of fluorescence index （f450/500） indicated that hydrophobic fractions may derive from terrestrial sources, and the hydrophilic fractions from microbial and terrestrial origins. Those results suggest that there were inter-relationships between molecular weight, fluorescence and absorbance characteristics, and also subtle consistencies between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and the sources for these 6 fractions from Lake Hongfeng.展开更多
The fractionated crystallization behavior of the minor dispersed HDPE phase in PS/POE/HDPE/SBS quaternary blends was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Interestingly,we found that the fractionated...The fractionated crystallization behavior of the minor dispersed HDPE phase in PS/POE/HDPE/SBS quaternary blends was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Interestingly,we found that the fractionated crystallization behavior of HDPE was molecular weight dependent.At a fixed composition,HDPE with lower molecular weight showed more obvious fractionated crystallization behavior than HDPE with higher molecular weight.This was ascribed to a finer dispersion of HDPE with lower molecular weight,a...展开更多
采用碱性蛋白酶对草鱼皮进行水解,并将水解产物通过截留分子量为10、5和3 k Da的超滤膜,得到>10、5~10、3~5和<3 k Da四种不同分子量肽段组分。主要研究了粗蛋白水解产物经截留后不同分子量肽段的体外抗氧化活性及其功能,结果表...采用碱性蛋白酶对草鱼皮进行水解,并将水解产物通过截留分子量为10、5和3 k Da的超滤膜,得到>10、5~10、3~5和<3 k Da四种不同分子量肽段组分。主要研究了粗蛋白水解产物经截留后不同分子量肽段的体外抗氧化活性及其功能,结果表明相同浓度下3~5和<3 k Da肽段组分在清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)和2,2'-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基方面比蛋白水解产物或其它肽段组分的效果显著(p<0.05),而>10 k Da肽段组分与Fe2+螯合能力最强。然而,与还原型的L-谷胱甘肽相比,>10、5~10、3~5 k Da肽段组分具有较弱的清除超氧阴离子自由基能力,肽的氨基酸序列在其抗氧化活性中起到关键作用。结果表明,<3 k Da肽段组分可作为功能性天然抗氧化剂添加到保健食品中。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National ‘‘863’’ Project (Grant No. 2012AA0611401)the program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-JC103)
文摘Three series of laboratory vaporization experiments were conducted to investigate the carbon isotope fractionation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons（LMWHs）during their progressive vaporization.In addition to the analysis of a synthetic oil mixture,individual compounds were also studied either as pure single phases or mixed with soil.This allowed influences of mixing effects and diffusion though soil on the fractionation to be elucidated.The LMWHs volatilized in two broad behavior patterns that depended on their molecular weight and boiling point.Vaporization significantly enriched the ^13C present in the remaining components of the C6–C9 fraction,indicating that the vaporization is mainly kinetically controlled;the observed variations could be described with a Rayleigh fractionation model.In contrast,the heavier compounds（n-C10–n-C12）showed less mass loss and almost no significant isotopic fractionation during vaporization,indicating that the isotope characteristics remained sufficiently constant for these hydrocarbons to be used to identify the source of an oil sample,e.g.,the specific oil field or the origin of a spill.Furthermore,comparative studies suggested that matrix effects should be considered when the carbon isotope ratios of hydrocarbons are applied in the field.
基金supported by the China’s Na-tional Basic Research Program (No. 2008CB418200)the National Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. kzcx2-yw-102)the Nation-al Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U0833603,40873079, 40703022).
文摘With XAD-series and ion exchange resins, dissolved organic matter （DOM） from Lake Hongfeng in Southwestern China Plateau was isolated into 6 fractions, i.e., humic acid （HA）, fulvic acid （FA）, hydrophobic neutrals （HON）, hydrophilic acids （HIA）, hydrophilic bases （HIB） and hydrophilic neutrals （HIN）. Those fractions were characterized by high performance size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV absorbance. Among the 6 fractions, FA was predominant and accounted for 51% of the total DOM. The weight-average （Mw） and number-averaged （Mn） molecular weight of these fractions ranged from 1688 to 2355 Da and from 1338 to 1928 Da, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between specific UV absorbance at 280 nm, E2/E3 （absorbance at 250 nm to 365 nm）, and the molecular weight for DOM fractions. UV-Vis fulvic-like fluorescence peaks were found in all fractions. Proteinlike fluorescence peaks existed in HON may indicate that microbial activity was severely in Lake Hongfeng. There was a significant relationship between fluorescence intensities and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm for those DOM fractions, suggesting their similar luminescence characteristics. The values of fluorescence index （f450/500） indicated that hydrophobic fractions may derive from terrestrial sources, and the hydrophilic fractions from microbial and terrestrial origins. Those results suggest that there were inter-relationships between molecular weight, fluorescence and absorbance characteristics, and also subtle consistencies between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and the sources for these 6 fractions from Lake Hongfeng.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.20404008,50533050,and 20490220).
文摘The fractionated crystallization behavior of the minor dispersed HDPE phase in PS/POE/HDPE/SBS quaternary blends was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Interestingly,we found that the fractionated crystallization behavior of HDPE was molecular weight dependent.At a fixed composition,HDPE with lower molecular weight showed more obvious fractionated crystallization behavior than HDPE with higher molecular weight.This was ascribed to a finer dispersion of HDPE with lower molecular weight,a...
文摘采用碱性蛋白酶对草鱼皮进行水解,并将水解产物通过截留分子量为10、5和3 k Da的超滤膜,得到>10、5~10、3~5和<3 k Da四种不同分子量肽段组分。主要研究了粗蛋白水解产物经截留后不同分子量肽段的体外抗氧化活性及其功能,结果表明相同浓度下3~5和<3 k Da肽段组分在清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)和2,2'-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基方面比蛋白水解产物或其它肽段组分的效果显著(p<0.05),而>10 k Da肽段组分与Fe2+螯合能力最强。然而,与还原型的L-谷胱甘肽相比,>10、5~10、3~5 k Da肽段组分具有较弱的清除超氧阴离子自由基能力,肽的氨基酸序列在其抗氧化活性中起到关键作用。结果表明,<3 k Da肽段组分可作为功能性天然抗氧化剂添加到保健食品中。
