Chinese chestnut is an important nut tree around the world.Although the types of Chinese chestnut resources are abundant,resource utilization and protection of chestnut accessions are still very limited.Here,we finger...Chinese chestnut is an important nut tree around the world.Although the types of Chinese chestnut resources are abundant,resource utilization and protection of chestnut accessions are still very limited.Here,we fingerprinted and determined the genetic relationships and core collections of Chinese chestnuts using 18 fluorescently labeled SSR markers generated from 146 chestnut accessions.Our analyses showed that these markers from the tested accessions are highly polymorphic,with an average allele number(N_(a))and polymorphic information content(PIC)of 8.100 and 0.622 per locus,respectively.Using these strongly distinguishing markers,we successfully constructed unique fingerprints for 146 chestnut accessions and selected seven of the SSR markers as core markers to rapidly distinguish different accessions.Our exploration of the genetic relationships among the five cultivar groups indicated that Chinese chestnut accessions are divided into three regional type groups:group I(North China(NC)and Northwest China(NWC)cultivar groups),group II(middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLY)cultivar group)and group III(Southeast China(SEC)and Southwest China(SWC)cultivar groups).Finally,we selected 45 core collection members which represent the most genetic diversity of Chinese chestnut accessions.This study provides valuable information for identifying chestnut accessions and understanding the phylogenetic relationships among cultivar groups,which can serve as the basis for efficient breeding in the future.展开更多
A new method CTAB-silica for DNA extraction and purification from the leaves and buds of Castanea mollissima and Ginkgo biloba was tested. The method is based on the silica-based purification protocol developed by Boo...A new method CTAB-silica for DNA extraction and purification from the leaves and buds of Castanea mollissima and Ginkgo biloba was tested. The method is based on the silica-based purification protocol developed by Boom et al. (1990). By modifying the protocol, plant genome DNA could be extracted easily from dormant buds, mature leaves, and other parts of plant. Our results showed that the purified DNA was of high purity and could be analyzed by PCR. Furthermore, this CTAB-silica method took much less time for a successful DNA purification process compared to the traditional methods (CTAB and SDS). By our method, the suitable DNA can be extracted and purified from over 10 plant samples by one person in an hour.展开更多
Background:The uropygial gland is an exocrine gland located above the tail of birds that produces a diverse range of biochemicals.It has been hypothesized to be involved in chemical protection,water-proofing and maint...Background:The uropygial gland is an exocrine gland located above the tail of birds that produces a diverse range of biochemicals.It has been hypothesized to be involved in chemical protection,water-proofing and maintenance of plumage brightness.Although these not necessarily mutually exclusive functions have received some empirical support,there has been little empirical research on the function of water-proofing.Methods:Here we analyzed data for 229 individual eiders(Somateria mollissima)collected by Danish hunters during 2016-2018.Results:The Eider is a sea-duck that spends almost its entire life in sea water emphasizing water-proofing of the plumage.The size of the uropygial gland increased with body mass in males,but not in females,and it increased with age.The size of the uropygial gland decreased during winter. Eiders with small uropygial glands grew their feathers at a fast rate.Eiders with large wing areas had large uropygial glands. Conclusions:These findings are consistent with large uropygial glands playing a role in water-proofing during molt and foraging, but also that uropygial glands may play a role in chemical defense.展开更多
Cottonseed hull substrates blended with different ratios of Castanea mollissima Blume shell were prepared and used for the cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus. The effects of the chestnut shell content on the mycelia...Cottonseed hull substrates blended with different ratios of Castanea mollissima Blume shell were prepared and used for the cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus. The effects of the chestnut shell content on the mycelial growth rate, yield, nutritional composition and contents of heavy metals of the cultivated Pleurotus geesteranus were investigated. The results suggest that the Castanea mollissima Blume shell in substrate can increase the mycelial growth rate, yield, biological efficiency and the contents of protein, crude fiber, amino acids and essential amino acids of Pleurotus geesteranus. Further investigation suggests that the tannin and saponin in Castanea mollissima Blume shell and the C/N ratio of substrate significantly influence the mycelial growth rate. The crude fat content of Pleurotus geesteranus decreased, while the contents of heavy metals including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) increased with the increase of the Castanea mollissima Blume shell content in substrate. Based on these results, the content of Castanea mollissima Blume shell was optimized to be less than 30% for the cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus.展开更多
基金the Project of Construction of Innovative Teams and Teacher Career Development for Universities and Colleges under Beijing Municipality,China(IDHT20180509)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2018YFD1000605)the Opening Project of Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application,China(kf2018024)。
文摘Chinese chestnut is an important nut tree around the world.Although the types of Chinese chestnut resources are abundant,resource utilization and protection of chestnut accessions are still very limited.Here,we fingerprinted and determined the genetic relationships and core collections of Chinese chestnuts using 18 fluorescently labeled SSR markers generated from 146 chestnut accessions.Our analyses showed that these markers from the tested accessions are highly polymorphic,with an average allele number(N_(a))and polymorphic information content(PIC)of 8.100 and 0.622 per locus,respectively.Using these strongly distinguishing markers,we successfully constructed unique fingerprints for 146 chestnut accessions and selected seven of the SSR markers as core markers to rapidly distinguish different accessions.Our exploration of the genetic relationships among the five cultivar groups indicated that Chinese chestnut accessions are divided into three regional type groups:group I(North China(NC)and Northwest China(NWC)cultivar groups),group II(middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLY)cultivar group)and group III(Southeast China(SEC)and Southwest China(SWC)cultivar groups).Finally,we selected 45 core collection members which represent the most genetic diversity of Chinese chestnut accessions.This study provides valuable information for identifying chestnut accessions and understanding the phylogenetic relationships among cultivar groups,which can serve as the basis for efficient breeding in the future.
文摘A new method CTAB-silica for DNA extraction and purification from the leaves and buds of Castanea mollissima and Ginkgo biloba was tested. The method is based on the silica-based purification protocol developed by Boom et al. (1990). By modifying the protocol, plant genome DNA could be extracted easily from dormant buds, mature leaves, and other parts of plant. Our results showed that the purified DNA was of high purity and could be analyzed by PCR. Furthermore, this CTAB-silica method took much less time for a successful DNA purification process compared to the traditional methods (CTAB and SDS). By our method, the suitable DNA can be extracted and purified from over 10 plant samples by one person in an hour.
文摘Background:The uropygial gland is an exocrine gland located above the tail of birds that produces a diverse range of biochemicals.It has been hypothesized to be involved in chemical protection,water-proofing and maintenance of plumage brightness.Although these not necessarily mutually exclusive functions have received some empirical support,there has been little empirical research on the function of water-proofing.Methods:Here we analyzed data for 229 individual eiders(Somateria mollissima)collected by Danish hunters during 2016-2018.Results:The Eider is a sea-duck that spends almost its entire life in sea water emphasizing water-proofing of the plumage.The size of the uropygial gland increased with body mass in males,but not in females,and it increased with age.The size of the uropygial gland decreased during winter. Eiders with small uropygial glands grew their feathers at a fast rate.Eiders with large wing areas had large uropygial glands. Conclusions:These findings are consistent with large uropygial glands playing a role in water-proofing during molt and foraging, but also that uropygial glands may play a role in chemical defense.
文摘Cottonseed hull substrates blended with different ratios of Castanea mollissima Blume shell were prepared and used for the cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus. The effects of the chestnut shell content on the mycelial growth rate, yield, nutritional composition and contents of heavy metals of the cultivated Pleurotus geesteranus were investigated. The results suggest that the Castanea mollissima Blume shell in substrate can increase the mycelial growth rate, yield, biological efficiency and the contents of protein, crude fiber, amino acids and essential amino acids of Pleurotus geesteranus. Further investigation suggests that the tannin and saponin in Castanea mollissima Blume shell and the C/N ratio of substrate significantly influence the mycelial growth rate. The crude fat content of Pleurotus geesteranus decreased, while the contents of heavy metals including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) increased with the increase of the Castanea mollissima Blume shell content in substrate. Based on these results, the content of Castanea mollissima Blume shell was optimized to be less than 30% for the cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus.
