Application of molybdenum target X-ray photography in imaging analysis of caudal intervertebral disc degeneration in rats

BACKGROUND Conventional plain X-ray images of rats,the most common animals used as degeneration models,exhibit unclear vertebral structure and blurry intervertebral disc spaces due to their small size,slender vertebral bodies.AIM To apply molybdenum target X-ray photography in the evaluation of caudal intervertebral disc(IVD)degeneration in rat models.METHODS Two types of rat caudal IVD degeneration models(needle-punctured model and endplate-destructed model)were established,and their effectiveness was verified using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.Molybdenum target inspection and routine plain X-ray were then performed on these models.Additionally,four observers were assigned to measure the intervertebral height of degenerated segments on molybdenum target plain X-ray images and routine plain X-ray images,respectively.The degeneration was evaluated and statistical analysis was subsequently conducted.RESULTS Nine rats in the needle-punctured model and 10 rats in the endplate-destructed model were effective.Compared with routine plain X-ray images,molybdenum target plain X-ray images showed higher clarity,stronger contrast,as well as clearer and more accurate structural development.The McNemar test confirmed that the difference was statistically significant(P=0.031).In the two models,the reliability of the intervertebral height measured by the four observers on routine plain X-ray images was poor(ICC<0.4),while the data obtained from the molybdenum target plain X-ray images were more reliable.CONCLUSIONMolybdenum target inspection can obtain clearer images and display fine calcification in the imaging evaluation of caudal IVD degeneration in rats,thus ensuring a more accurate evaluation of degeneration.

Combined molybdenum target X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging examinations improve breast cancer diagnostic efficacy

BACKGROUND Early-stage breast cancer patients often lack specific clinical manifestations,making diagnosis difficult.Molybdenum target X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examinations both have their own advantages.Thus,a combined examination methodology may improve early breast cancer diagnoses.AIM To explore the combined diagnostic efficacy of molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations in breast cancer.METHODS Patients diagnosed with breast cancer at our hospital from March 2019 to April 2021 were recruited,as were the same number of patients during the same period with benign breast tumors.Both groups underwent molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations,and diagnoses were given based on each exam.The single(i.e.,X-ray or MRI)and combined(i.e.,using both methods)diagnoses were counted,and the MRI-related examination parameters(e.g.,T-wave peak,peak and early enhancement rates,and apparent diffusion coefficient)were compared between the groups.RESULTS In total,63 breast cancer patients and 63 benign breast tumor patients were recruited.MRI detected 53 breast cancer cases and 61 benign breast tumor cases.Molybdenum target X-ray detected 50 breast cancer cases and 60 benign breast tumor cases.The combined methodology detected 61 breast cancer cases and 61 benign breast tumor cases.The sensitivity(96.83%)and accuracy(96.83%)of the combined methodology were higher than single-method MRI(84.13%and 90.48%,respectively)and molybdenum target X-ray(79.37%and 87.30%,respectively)(P<0.05).The combined methodology specificity(96.83%)did not differ from singlemethod MRI(96.83%)or molybdenum target X-ray(95.24%)(P>0.05).The Twave peak(169.43±32.05)and apparent diffusion coefficient(1.01±0.23)were lower in the breast cancer group than in the benign tumor group(228.86±46.51 and 1.41±0.35,respectively).However,the peak enhancement rate(1.08±0.24)and early enhancement rate(1.07±0.26)were significantly higher in the breast cancer group than in the benign tumor group(0.83±0.19 and 0.75±0.19,respectively)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Combined molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations for diagnosing breast cancer improved the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy,minimizing the missedand misdiagnoses risks and promoting timely treatment intervention.

Full-field mapping of internal strain distribution in red sandstone specimen under compression using digital volumetric speckle photography and X-ray computed tomography

It is always desirable to know the interior deformation pattern when a rock is subjected to mechanicalload. Few experimental techniques exist that can represent full-field three-dimensional （3D） straindistribution inside a rock specimen. And yet it is crucial that this information is available for fully understandingthe failure mechanism of rocks or other geomaterials. In this study, by using the newlydeveloped digital volumetric speckle photography （DVSP） technique in conjunction with X-ray computedtomography （CT） and taking advantage of natural 3D speckles formed inside the rock due to materialimpurities and voids, we can probe the interior of a rock to map its deformation pattern under load andshed light on its failure mechanism. We apply this technique to the analysis of a red sandstone specimenunder increasing uniaxial compressive load applied incrementally. The full-field 3D displacement fieldsare obtained in the specimen as a function of the load, from which both the volumetric and the deviatoricstrain fields are calculated. Strain localization zones which lead to the eventual failure of the rock areidentified. The results indicate that both shear and tension are contributing factors to the failuremechanism. 2015 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

THE FIRST BINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN COMPLEXES WITH DOUBLY-BRIDGING PYRIDINE-2-THIOLATO LIGANDS.X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX[Mo_2(CO)_4(μ-pyS)_2(PPh_3)_2].2C_7H_8

The title complex was obtained by reactions of [Mo(CO)_3(MeCN)_3] with [CuBr(pySH)(PPh_3)_2]or directly with pySH and PPh_3. The latter method can be used to synthesize the corresponding tungsten complex [W_2(CO)_4(μ-pyS)_2(PPh_3)_2].The molecular structure of the title compound was determined by X-ray diffraction method.

高频数字化钼靶摄影与螺旋CT、MRI检查在乳腺癌诊断中的临床价值

目的:分析高频数字化钼靶摄影与螺旋CT、MRI检查在乳腺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法:选取2021年2月—2023年11月广州市中西医结合医院收治的疑似乳腺癌患者123例为研究对象。患者均接受高频数字化钼靶摄影、螺旋CT、MRI及病理学检查。分析高频数字化钼靶摄影、螺旋CT、MRI检查技术的诊断结果,以病理学检查结果为“金标准”,比较高频数字化钼靶摄影、螺旋CT、MRI检查技术的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率。结果:123例疑似乳腺癌患者,通过病理学检查确诊乳腺癌84例,阳性率为68.29%。MRI的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率高于高频数字化钼靶摄影及螺旋CT,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高频数字化钼靶摄影、螺旋CT、MRI在乳腺癌的诊断中各有优势,但MRI的诊断效能较高,临床应根据患者的具体情况,合理选择合适的检查技术。

Equal compressibility structural phase transition of molybdenum at high pressure

We have studied the high-pressure compression behavior of molybdenum up to 60 GPa by synchrotron radial x-ray diffraction(RXRD)in a diamond anvil cell(DAC).It is found that all diffraction peaks of molybdenum undergo a split at around 27 GPa,and we believe that a phase transition from a body-centered cubic structure to a rhombohedral structure at room pressure has occurred.The slope of pressure–volume curve shows continuity before and after this phase transition,when fitting the pressure–volume curves of the body-centered cubic structure at low pressure and the rhombohedral structure at high pressure.A bulk modulus of 261.3(2.7)GPa and a first-order derivative of the bulk modulus of 4.15(0.14)are obtained by using the nonhydrostatic compression data at the angleψ=54.7°between the diffracting plane normal and stress axis.

Facile Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline Molybdenum Carbide

Nanocrystalline molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) was prepared via one simple route by the reaction of metallic magnesium powders with molybdenum trioxide and potassium acetate in an autoclave at the condition of 600℃ and 4 h. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated that the product was hexagonal α-Mo2C, and the cell constant was a = 3.0091 ?, c = 4.7368 ?. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed that the sample consisted of particles with an average size of about 100 nm in diameter. The product was also studied by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It had good thermal stability and oxidation resistance below 450℃ in air.

常规超声、超声萤火虫技术与X线钼靶摄影对乳腺导管原位癌的诊断价值

目的探讨常规超声、超声萤火虫技术与X线钼靶摄影对乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)的诊断价值。方法选取120例疑似DCIS患者,术前均行常规二维超声、超声萤火虫技术及X线钼靶摄影检查,以病理诊断结果为金标准,评估常规二维超声、超声萤火虫技术、X线钼靶摄影单独及三者联合检查对DCIS的诊断价值。Kappa检验评估上述三种检查方法诊断DCIS的结果与病理诊断结果的一致性。结果病理结果显示,120例患者均为单发病灶,DCIS 72例,恶性48例。常规二维超声、超声萤火虫技术、X线钼靶摄影联合检查诊断DCIS的结果与病理结果一致性极好(Kappa=0.810),高于三者单独检查(Kappa=0.192、0.362、0.390),且超声萤火虫技术、X线钼靶摄影诊断DCIS的结果与病理检查结果的一致性均高于常规二维超声。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示,常规二维超声、超声萤火虫技术及X线钼靶摄影联合检查诊断DCIS的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.906(95%CI:0.844~0.969),分别高于单独常规二维超声、超声萤火虫技术及X线钼靶摄影的AUC,此时灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为91.67%、89.58%、90.83%,三者联合检查诊断DCIS的价值高于各指标单独检查。结论常规二维超声、超声萤火虫技术和X线钼靶摄影联合检查诊断DCIS可以优势互补、取长补短,且操作方便,可为临床早期诊断DCIS提供可靠依据,值得临床推广应用。

Detonation driving rules for cylindrical casings under asymmetrical multipoint initiations

The detonation wave-aiming warhead can effectively enhance the lethality efficiency. In the past, rules for casing rupture and velocity distribution under asymmetrical initiations were not adequately investigated. In this study, X-ray photography and numerical modelling are used to examine the casing expansions under centre point, asymmetrical one-point, and asymmetrical two-point(with central angles of 45° and 90°) initiations. The results indicate that early casing ruptures are caused by local high pressures, induced by the initiation, detonation wave interaction, and Mach wave onset. The fragment shapes are controlled by the impact angle of the detonation wave. The fragment velocity distributions differ under different initiation types, and the end rarefaction waves can affect the velocity distribution.This study can serve as a reference for the design and optimization of high-efficiency warheads.

数字化钼靶摄影与MRI检查对乳腺癌的诊断效能比较

目的 探讨数字化钼靶摄影与MRI检查对乳腺癌的诊断效能。方法 选取2021年1月至2022年12月本院收治的1 035例疑似乳腺癌患者进行研究,所有患者均开展数字化钼靶摄影,另有12例患者磁共振成像(MRI)检查,以病理检查结果为诊断金标准,分析其诊断效能。结果 本次研究从1 035例开展数字化钼靶检查患者中选取135例行病理检查进行后续研究;数字化钼靶摄影检查结果显示,真阳性共82例,真阴性共36例,误诊10例,漏诊7例;12例接受MRI检查的患者中,病理检查结果显示12例均为阳性;MRI检查显示,真阳性共12例,真阴性共0例,误诊0例,漏诊0例;两种检查方法灵敏度、阳性预测值、漏诊率、诊断准确率比较无差异(P> 0.05)。结论 MRI和数字化钼靶摄影在乳腺癌诊断中均具有一定的应用价值,但MRI敏感性较高,可有效提升患者的诊断准确率,同时还能降低漏诊的风险。

多模态影像技术对诊断乳腺实性结节良恶性价值的研究

目的:探讨多模态影像技术在鉴别诊断乳腺实性结节良恶性中的应用价值。方法:2019年10月至2020年6月,我院甲乳外科收治的乳腺疾病患者76例共84个实性结节,行常规超声扫查,根据二维图像诊断。弹性检查,行VTI成像。以病理诊断为金标准,找出VTI面积比(AR)诊断乳腺实性恶性结节的最佳截点。乳腺钼靶X线检查,依据钼靶图像进行BI-RADS分级。分析单一及联合技术诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度。结果:常规超声诊断乳腺实性结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为79.5%、82.5%、80.9%。以AR=1.42作为乳腺恶性结节的截点。三者联合诊断乳腺病灶良恶性的准确度明显高于常规超声以及钼靶(P<0.05)。结论:多模态影像技术相较于单一模式影像学检查提供的信息量更多,在分析乳腺实性结节良恶性中具有较高的诊断价值。

钼靶-超声联合应用在微钙化乳腺病变定性诊断中的价值

目的探讨钼靶-超声联合应用在定性诊断含有微钙化灶的乳腺病变中的价值。方法回顾性分析117例微钙化乳腺病变的病理及影像学资料,分别根据钼靶、超声图像的特点对病例进行分组,将两种检查方法联合应用对病例重新分组,比较钼靶、超声、钼靶-超声联合诊断的灵敏度、特异度及符合率。结果钼靶诊断、超声诊断以及钼靶-超声联合诊断的特异度、符合率相似,但钼靶-超声联合诊断的灵敏度为97.33%,均高于钼靶诊断(89.33%)及超声诊断(81.33%)。结论对微钙化乳腺病变,钼靶-超声联合应用优于单一诊断,可提高诊断的灵敏度。

乳腺导管内癌的影像诊断价值

影像医学应用于临床以前,许多乳腺癌依靠临床医师触诊或者自己发现乳腺肿块就诊,这样就会造成一定程度的误诊、漏诊。尤其,乳腺导管内癌(DCIS)在未发生转移和浸润前较难发现。影像学联合应用检查显著提高了DCIS的诊断水平,为DCIS的筛选及治疗发挥重要的作用。目前医学界广泛应用的是钼靶X线、常规二维超声,以及超声弹性成像检查,其中任何一种方法均能较大程度地发现异常,三者联合应用为临床早期发现病灶提供了优质方法。目前乳腺癌的发病率增加,综述影像学联合应用对DCIS的早期诊断有一定的价值。

超声弹性成像、钼靶X线在乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨弹性成像(UE)、弹性应变率比值法(SR)与钼靶X线(molybdenum X-ray photography,MX-rP)在乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法:对114例患者,139个病灶术前行UE,SR与MX-rP检查,以手术病理为诊断金标准,分析在病灶诊断、病灶周围浸润、腋窝转移淋巴结等方面,UE、SR与MX-rP的诊断价值。结果:SR和MX-rP诊断乳腺恶性病灶的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为90%、95.4%、94.2%和66.7%、80.7%、77.6%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);SR和MX-rP的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.935和0.803,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);常规超声、弹性成像对转移性淋巴结的检出率高于钼靶X线(P<0.05);弹性成像对病灶病理测值的符合度较常规超声高(P<0.05)。结论:常规超声、弹性成像联合钼靶X线可以进一步提高乳腺恶性肿块的检出率。

乳腺癌钼靶X线的诊断体会

目的回顾乳腺癌钼靶X线征象,总结经验,提高诊断准确率。方法总结分析我院2011年中经手术病理证实72例乳腺癌的X线表现。结果 72例乳腺癌中,直接征象:16例表现为小于临床测量的肿块,37例肿块伴毛刺;11例表现为恶性钙化;8例表现局限性致密浸润;72例乳腺癌伴有或不伴有漏斗征、酒窝征、厚皮征、恶性晕圈征、恶性大导管征、异常血管征、塔尖征、彗星尾征、腋淋巴结肿大等间接征象。结论准确识别乳腺癌钼靶X线征象,对乳腺癌的正确诊断具有重要作用。

超声“萤火虫”技术联合X线钼靶摄影可提高乳腺导管内原位癌的检出率

目的探讨超声“萤火虫”技术与X线钼靶摄影对乳腺导管内原位癌(DCIS)的临床应用价值。方法选取2019年12月~2021年12月收治的疑似乳腺导管内原位癌患者98例作为研究对象。98例患者均在本院行手术治疗,术前均行超声“萤火虫”技术及X线钼靶检查,统计两种检查对乳腺导管内原位癌的检出情况,以病理诊断作为金标准,对两种影像学检查方式进行对比,比较单一检查与联合检查的诊断价值。结果98例乳腺导管内原位癌患者均为单发病灶,良性病变59例,恶性病变39例。超声“萤火虫”技术对乳腺导管内原位癌诊断的敏感度较X线钼靶高(71.8%vs 61.5%),特异性较X线钼靶低(66.1%vs 76.3%),但两者对乳腺DCIS的诊断价值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超声“萤火虫”技术联合X线钼靶对乳腺DCIS诊断的敏感度、特异性和准确度分别为92.3%、91.5%及91.8%,均高于单纯超声“萤火虫”技术诊断(71.8%、66.1%、68.4%)和单纯X线钼靶(61.5%、76.3%、70.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声“萤火虫”技术联合X线钼靶摄影在诊断乳腺DCIS时具有较高敏感度、特异性和准确度,有助于提高乳腺DCIS的诊断准确率,为临床诊断提供更多价值。

超声联合钼靶X线诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的临床价值

目的:对超声联合钼靶X线诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的临床价值进行探讨。材料与方法:选取本院2010年11月-2011年11月期间收治的120例乳腺微钙化灶患者,所有患者均给予高频彩超和钼靶X线摄影诊断,对两种诊断方法进行对比。结果:超声联合钼靶X线摄影诊断的准确性、敏感性及特异性均高于两种方法单独诊断效果,差异显著,有统计学意义,P<0.05;对乳腺微小钙化灶诊断方面,高频彩超与钼靶X线摄影的检出率都比较理想,但钼靶X线摄影的敏感性与特异性均高于高频彩超,差异显著,有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:超声联合钼靶X线对乳腺肿块良恶性进行诊断,准确率较高,在临床中有推广应用的价值。

乳腺钼靶摄影中钙化对乳腺疾病的诊断价值分析

目的:探讨乳腺摄影中各种钙化形式对乳腺疾病的诊断价值。方法:采用美国GE公司生产乳腺机800T进行轴住(CC位)、斜位 (MLO位)摄影。结果:经手术或活检病理证实在乳腺钼靶摄影中所见钙化118例,其中良性钙化72例,多表现为粗大、空泡、因块状。恶性钙化 46例,多表现为细沙、针尖、小叉、小杆状。结论:钙化发生部位、钙化形态、数目、密度等对乳腺疾病正确诊断具有重要意义。

乳腺钼靶摄影及病理对早期乳腺癌诊断的相关性研究

目的探讨乳腺钼靶摄影与手术病理对早期乳腺癌诊断的研究。方法对76例诊断为早期乳腺癌患者术前的钼靶摄影X线特点进行回顾性分析。结果76例患者的钼靶摄影X线诊断与病理诊断完全相符。结论乳腺钼靶摄影诊断早期乳腺癌具有较高的特异性。

不典型乳腺癌的X线诊断

目的探讨不典型乳腺癌的X线表现,从而提高不典型乳腺癌的诊断率。方法34例不典型乳腺癌患者全部为手术及病理证实,均为女性,年龄23～59岁,平均为41岁,有12例触诊可扪及包块。22例未能触及包块,在X线检查中被发现,34例均摄双乳乳腺轴斜位片,对X线征象表现进行分析和诊断。结果9例X线表现局部结构紊乱。12例显示局部有不规则片状纠集影,18例显示钙化灶。包括泥样钙化,小杆状、小叉状、针尖样钙化影。结论上述几种不典型表现可单独出现,也可多种征象合并出现,对于诊断不典型乳腺癌有很大价值。