Uncertainty analysis of ship model vertical center of gravity and transverse moment of inertia test

The usability of test results of ship model vertical center of gravity and transverse moment of inertia is generally depends on its uncertainty. Referring to the guidelines for uncertainty analysis in examination of liquid dynamic recommended by International Towing Tank Conference （ ITTC）, the results were analyzed, bias limits and precision limits were calculated and total uncertainty was estimated. The total uncertainty of six tests on ship model vertical center of gravity is is 0. 16% of the mean value, and the total uncertainty of six tests on ship model transverse moment of inertia is 5.66% of the mean value. The test results show that the total uncertainty of both the multiple tests and the single test is from the precision limits of ship model vertical center of gravity and transverse moment of inertia tests. Thus, the improved measurement system stability can enormously decrease the total uncertainty of multiple tests and the single test.

Analysis of Urbanization Based on Center-of-gravity Movement and Characteristics in Songhua River Basin of China and its Southern Source Sub-basin between 1990 and 2010

Urbanization in modern times led to a series of development strategies that brought new opportunities in China. Rapid urbanization caused severe stress to the ecosystems and the environment. Using the center-of-gravity(COG) method and parameters such as population, economy, and land, we studied the urbanization pattern in Songhua River Basin and its southern source sub-basin from 1990 to 2010. Urbanization was analyzed based on the COG position, eccentric distance, movement direction of COG, and distance of COG movement. Various characteristics of urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River were explained in relation to the whole Songhua River Basin. Urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River is balanced, relatively advanced, and stable compared to the whole Songhua River Basin. The average eccentric distance between the urbanization COGs in the Songhua River′s south source basin indicated rapid expansion of land urbanization during the span of this study. A basic pattern of urbanization COG in the whole Songhua Basin was observed, but there existed differences among the three aspects of urbanization process. Land urbanization is still in its active stage, so future studies should focus on analysis of such urbanization trends.

Study on Location of Wuhan Steel Logistics Distribution Center

This paper studies the location of Wuhan steel logistics distribution center. First of all, according to Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant sales in Hunan Province and the relative position of the city, the transport costs are calculated from Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant to the demand point. We further analyze the necessity of establishing steel logistics distribution center, using the precise center of gravity to determine the actual location of the distribution center. After the establishment of distribution center, the total freight is reduced by 15.46 million yuan from Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant to each city in Hunan province via distribution center each year. The results of this paper can provide theoretical basis for the logistics node planning of related enterprises.

Novel Design Method of COG Measurement System Via Supporting Reaction Method

Center of gravity(COG)is an important parameter of projectiles and rockets,for which supporting reaction method(or support reaction method)is an important COG measurement method.Based on this supporting reaction method a novel design method is proposed to determine the key design parameters of the COG measurement system.The method can quantitatively analyze the influence of the design parameters on the COG accuracy,in the measurement system designed with supporting reaction method.Using the principle of static balance,the error propagation theory,and the system accuracy analysis method,the equal-range required sensor precision(RSP)surface and non-equal-range required sensor pair precision(RSPP)adapted surface are adopted.The influence of random errors(like sensor accuracy and distance calibration accuracy)is analyzed.The selection strategy of equal-range and non-equal-range sensors is chosen,and then the recommended calibration accuracy values are obtained.For the quality detection accuracy of±0.6 kg and the axial COG detection accuracy of±1.5 mm,the RSP surface is drawn by the proposed method,and the force sensor with±0.23 kg detection accuracy is selected.The experimental verification meets the accuracy requirements and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed design method for the system parameters of the COG measurement equipment.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF CENTERED-INCLINED COUPLING SLOTS IN RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDES

Numerical analysis is presented for the characteristic parameters of centered-inclined coupling slot in rectangular waveguides, taking into account the transverse distribution of the electric field across the slot aperture. Integral equations are formulated based on dyadic Green's function theories and solved using the method of moments. Trigonometric basis functions are adopted. It is found that the method will converge with up to ten basis functions. The characteristic parameters can be easily obtained for different slot sizes. Resonant length and resonant resistance of the coupling slots are calculated. It is shown that the calculated results have very high accuracy, compared with simulated results obtained from commercial software. Therefore, it can be effectively applied in the synthesis of antenna arrays. Effects of the transverse distribution on calculating resonant parameters of the coupling slot are also analyzed. The results show that if the transverse distribution of the electric field is neglected, the calculated error tends to become larger when the slot gets wider or thinner.

采用云重心评判法的港口船舶溢油综合应急能力评价

为突破单环节评价港口船舶溢油应急能力的局限性,合理配置资源,采用云重心评判法全环节评估港口船舶溢油综合应急能力,面向应急准备、预警、行动、恢复全环节,参照人-机-环境-管理系统理论和国际国内规定,建立综合应急能力评价指标体系;针对传统评价指标因素未涉及模糊性和随机性的问题,用加权偏离度确定定性指标与定量数值间的转化关系;利用层次分析法(AHP)优化评价意见,弥补评价样本欠充分带来的精度缺陷;最后,以上海港为例,对船舶溢油综合应急能力评价作实证研究。结果表明:云重心评判法能合理评价港口船舶溢油综合应急能力,为健全和完备应急能力提供理论依据,为港口船舶溢油综合应急能力评价提供了一种新思路。

顺势而为——三星堆博物馆新馆电气设计

三星堆博物馆新馆电气设计以对博物馆展陈最小干预,平衡建筑功能和其他专业需求,兼顾电气装置能源效率为原则,在分析项目前期调研情况和用电需求基础上,从电气机房选址、供配电系统设计、展陈配合、防雷接地系统等方面介绍三星堆博物馆新馆如何根据园区现状、建筑布局、电气系统特点,进行顺势而为的电气设计。

绝对重力仪落体光心质心距调校方法研究

为了最小化激光干涉式绝对重力仪中落体旋转引入的重力加速度测量误差,提出了一种基于落体悬吊的光心质心间距调校方法,结合落体的外部结构,搭建了一套简易高效的落体调校装置。该装置采用光电自准直仪测量落体悬吊状态下的俯仰角,可实现对落体质心位置的高准确度调节,进而完成对落体光心质心距的调校。对装置的测量不确定度进行了评估,得到落体光心质心距测量的合成标准不确定度为18.85μm。最后在NIM-3A型绝对重力仪上进行实验验证。结果表明,悬吊法调校落体的光心质心距优于20μm。若落体旋转角速度控制在0.02 rad/s以内,则落体引入的重力加速度的误差优于1μGal。

基于图像处理的破片场三维测试方法

针对靶板法人工检靶效率低、人为误差大以及无法实现破片场三维测试的问题,利用摄影测量技术,提出灰度加权重心法计算破片穿孔位置坐标,采用基于单点标志的靶板轮廓识别和编码标志的大范围、位姿改变靶板三维拼接,二维坐标到三维空间坐标转换,实现了破片场的三维空间测量,通过设计试验,验证了方法的可靠性,结果表明:采用该方法破片尺寸大于3 mm识别率为100%,且准确获取了破片相对于爆心位置的三维坐标,实现了破片场三维测试,与人工检靶比较测试效率提高了10倍以上。此结论可为破片战斗部爆炸威力场的精确测试提供技术支撑,具有一定的工程应用价值。

弹射过程人椅系统动态质量特性的建模与分析

人椅系统的质量特性是弹射座椅轨迹和姿态控制精度的重要影响因素。由于缺乏动态质量特性仿真模型,现阶段采用静态参数设计的弹射座椅控制规律可能在实际应用中出现偏差。本文在弹射座椅六自由度运动模型的基础上,考虑火箭包工作质量变化、人体脊柱压缩、座椅座垫压缩和人体头颈部转动等影响因素,建立了弹射过程人椅系统动态质量特性的计算模型。通过对三个典型工况计算结果的分析,说明了计算模型的合理性;最后分别采用动态、静态质量特性模型对弹射过程轨迹姿态进行仿真,并分析了两模型在救生效果上的差异性。本文建立的模型可以为后续弹射座椅控制规律的精细化设计提供借鉴。

环渤海地区农业优势的时空演变研究

研究某一区域农业及其细分行业的优势,可以激发该区域农业的发展潜力,优化农业结构,促进农业合理布局,提高农产品竞争力.该文将重心法、区位商和增长商等方法相结合,对环渤海地区整体和区内各省市的农业及其细分行业的比较优势和增长优势进行分析,结果表明:环渤海地区农业整体发展水平较高,除京津两市外,其余三省农业都具有比较优势.山东省的种植业和渔业、河北省的种植业、林业和畜牧业、辽宁省的种植业、畜牧业和渔业比较优势突出.1990年—2020年环渤海地区的种植业增速放缓,林业和畜牧业具有明显的行业增长,有适合区域增长优势,发展潜力巨大,渔业的增长幅度稍缓.从空间格局来看,环渤海地区有约70%的城市农业具有比较优势,大部分城市的林业和渔业产值增速高于全国平均水平.环渤海地区农业在全国的比较优势较强,但种植业和畜牧业的增长速度较为乏力,林业和渔业增速较快,但在全国比较优势并不占优,应因地制宜,推动农业现代化,促进农业综合发展.

基于人体关节点的三维重心计算与验证方法

目的 探究基于机器视觉确定人体重心空间位置的乘系数法和力矩合成法准确度。方法 搭建力学测量平台,分别设计静态和动态下人体三维重心测量方法,计算重心空间坐标。通过实验,分析乘系数法和力矩合成法的计算准确度。结果 在静态实验下,力矩合成法的计算结果在每个维度上都比乘系数法的准确度更高,力矩合成法计算人体三维重心在X、Y、Z方向上的误差最低分别为3.9%、4.1%、8.5%;在动态实验下,力矩合成法不论是在X或Y方向的平均误差和相对误差都比乘系数法要小,采用动作分解法来分析Z轴重心高度方向,力矩合成法最终呈现的效果更好。结论 力矩合成法的三维重心计算准确度较高,与力学测量平台的测量数据更接近。力矩合成法所计算出的三维重心基本可代替力学测量平台应用于后续进一步的研究。

基于顶点中心有限元算法的重力场矢量和重力梯度张量高精度模拟

密度非均质性引起的重力异常由三维泊松方程控制,而目前大多数正演模拟方法都依赖于其积分解和以单元为中心的数值方法。当利用重力位计算重力场时,这些数值策略将不可避免地失去准确性。为了缓解这一问题,本文提出了一种高效、准确的高阶顶点中心有限元方法来模拟三维重力异常。首先,通过具有六面体网格的顶点中心有限元来建立正演算法,并选用ILU-BICGSTAB迭代方法求解大型对称稀疏线性方程组。其次,为了获得重力位的一阶导数和二阶导数,采用了高阶拉格朗日插值技术。最后,采用三维立方体密度模型测试了顶点中心有限元算法的准确性,并利用薄垂直矩形棱镜模型和实测模型测试了算法的灵活性。数值结果表明,高阶顶点中心有限元算法能获得高精度的重力场矢量和重力梯度张量。与精确积分解和顶点中心算法相比,高阶顶点中心有限元格式在模拟三维重力异常方面表现出更高的效率和准确性。同时,相较于单元中心数值解,高阶顶点中心有限元算法在模拟三维重力异常表现出更高的效率和准确性。

基于BIM技术的电气负荷中心的矢量计算及应用

本文研究了负荷矩法在电气负荷中心计算中的应用。负荷中心是指确定电气负荷集中的位置和负荷分布方式的方法,用于电力系统设计。本文介绍了负荷矩法的原理和计算步骤,并提供了实际应用案例。采用负荷矩法,并借助BIM技术,可以准确确定负荷中心,为电力系统优化和供电可靠性评估提供指导,提高系统效率和可靠性。

复合石灰石粉清水混凝土外观质量及性能研究

通过单纯型重心设计法研究了不同掺合料比例下石灰石粉-矿粉-水泥三元胶凝体系清水混凝土的流变特性、抗压强度、抗氯离子渗透性能和外观质量。结果表明:石灰石粉有利于降低混凝土的屈服应力,提高流动性;矿粉有利于增加混凝土的塑性黏度,提高抗离析性;适量石灰石粉和矿粉掺入可以提高清水混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,增强清水混凝土的外观均一性及色泽度,但掺合料掺量越高时混凝土的抗压强度越低;当石灰石粉掺量为10%~15%,矿粉掺量为0~15%,水泥掺量为85%~88%时,复合石灰石粉清水混凝土在满足3、28 d抗压强度以及抗氯离子渗透性能的同时具有良好的工作性和外观质量。

汽车零部件Milk-run业务公铁联运模式下的铁路货运站选址研究

能否精准科学地选择汽车零部件循环取货(Milk-run)业务中公铁联运模式的铁路货运站,将直接影响物流总成本。随着公铁联运模式在节能减排与降本增效中的优势逐渐呈现,汽车生产商也开始在零部件物流领域探索Milk-run业务采用公铁联运方式。基于以往研究基础,对汽车零部件Milk-run业务中采用公铁联运的背景进行分析,以重庆长安福特汽车有限公司华东片区的Milk-run业务为例,构建基于公铁联运的Milk-run物流运作模式,发现在运作过程中需要确定Milk-run业务中的铁路货运站地址。为精确、合理地进行选址,采用定量与定性相结合的方法,运用精确重心法计算出铁路货运站备选地址范围,再利用综合指标评级法在备选地址中确定地址,最终通过优化选址,提高企业Milk-run业务中物流的运作效率。

重大改建船的原船重量重心分布推算

文章以“海州湾之星”改建船为例,演算了如何在没有初始重量重心分布的情况下,利用静力学原理推算原船重量重心分布的方法,并利用该方法得到原船空船重量重心分布,核算了改建后船舶的总纵强度,并取得船级社的认可,可为同行提供借鉴。

基于运输成本最优的公路施工项目混凝土拌合站选址方法研究

混凝土拌合站作为公路工程施工项目中关键的临时性设施,其相关成本直接影响到整个项目的总体成本,而拌合站选址作为影响其成本的核心因素,重要性显而易见;以运输成本最优为目标,在满足混凝土拌合站选址基本原则的前提下,提出采用迭代重心法优化混凝土拌合站选址方案,并建立了基于迭代重心法的混凝土拌合站选址优化模型;目前,该选址优化模型的可行性已在山西省内某旅游公路施工项目中得到验证。

Evaluation Method of the Gait Motion Based on Self-organizing Map Using the Gravity Center Fluctuation on the Sole

This paper describes the evaluation method of the gait motion in walk rehabilitation. We assume that the evaluation consists of the classification of the measured data and the prediction of the feature of the gait motion. The method may enable a doctor and a physical therapist to recognize the condition of the patients more easily, and increase the motivation of patient further for rehabilitation. However, it is difficult to divide the gait motion into discrete categories, since the gait motion continuously changes and does not have the clear boundaries. Therefore, the self-organizing map （SOM） that is able to arrange the continuous data on the almost continuous map is employed in order to classify them. And, the feature of the gait motion is predicted by the classification. In this study, we adopt the gravity-center fluctuation （GCF） on the sole as the measured data. First, it is shown that the pattern of the CCF that is obtained by our developed measurement system includes the feature of the gait motion. Secondly, the relation between the pattern of the GCF and the feature of the gait motion that the doctor and the physical therapist evaluate by visual inspection is considered using the SOM. Next, we describe the prediction of following features measured by numerical values： the length of stride, the velocity of walk and the difference of steps that are important for the doctor and the physical therapist to make a diagnosis of the condition of the gait motion in walk rehabilitation. Finally, it is investigated that the position of a new test data that is arranged on the map accords with the prediction. As a consequence, we confirm that the method using the SOM is often useful to classify and predict the condition of the patient.

2000—2020年中国地下水开采时空演变特征

采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、重心模型和标准差椭圆法研究了2000—2020年我国地下水开采时间变化特征、空间分布特征和重心迁移过程。结果表明:2000—2020年我国地下水开采量呈现波动性减少趋势,年均递减率为0.83%;华北地区在严格的地下水开采管理、地下水超采综合治理和南水北调工程共同作用下,地下水开采量得以压减,东北地区和西北地区由于黑龙江、新疆农业经济发展,地下水开采量明显增加;我国地下水开采重心主要分布在河北、山西和内蒙古交界处,有向西北方向偏移的趋势,地下水开采空间分布格局由东北—西南方向逐渐偏转为东—西方向,方向性趋势也更为明显。