The Effect of Self-confidence in SLA

Krashen's affective filter theory drew researchers' attention to the fresh field of internal factors of learners.But researchers seem to pay too much attention to the other factors while tending to neglect a factor that we cannot afford to play down in language learning research-self-confidence.This paper is designed to discuss the close relationship between self-confidence and some of the other important affective factors,and furthermore raise appropriate concern over self-confidence.

How to Strengthen Child Learners' Self-confidence

Self-confidence is closely related to L2 learning.In order to make their learners enjoy English learning,English teach ers need to strengthen the learners’English learning confidence.This article is to find out English teachers’role to strengthening learners’self-confidence in ELL by means of class observation.The writer concludes improving speaking ability;giving praise and offering gentle error correcting can help to strengthen the learners’confidence.

Cultivation of Cultural Subjectivity from the Perspective of Cultural Self-Confidence

Economic and cultural globalization has strong impacts on the culture of each country.How to maintain the integrity of the local culture in the course of globalization and how to develop on the basis of the inheritance and innovation are the questions worthy of being studied.This paper firstly expounds the important meaning of cultural subjectivity in the view of cultural self-confidence,then explores the roots for the loss of cultural subjectivity consciousness and finally indicates the strategies of cultivating cultural subjectivity.Cultivating cultural subjectivity is an effective way to maintain the integrity of the local culture and the cultural self-confidence.

On Cultural Self-Confidence and Communication from the Perspective of“Belt and Road”Initiative

An important part of the "Belt and Road " Initiative is to achieve people-to-people bonds. People-to-people bonds are certainly based on cultural self-confidence and cultural self-awareness. Cultural self-confidence is an important cultural strategy put forward by the party and the country in the vision of contemporary society,and an important deployment to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This paper first gives a brief overview of the advantages of cultural self-confidence in external communication,and then analyzes the opportunities and challenges that cultural self-confidence faces in external communication in the newera. Finally,it focuses on exploration on the external communication ways of cultural self-confidence in the "Belt and Road"Initiative. O nly based on the deep understanding of local culture can we can shape the soul of culture in the process of further opening-up and external communication to the outside world,and enhance the cultural self-aw areness of the people; build a solid foundation of culture and promote cultural exchanges with other countries.

Handling the EFL Students＇ Crisis of Self-confidence to Ask Questions

It is no wonder that inquiring is an important skill. This paper deals with a research which was intended to see if respect and encouragement could solve the problem of students＇ self-confidence to inquire in the EFL （English as a Foreign Language） classroom. The research involved a secondary group of students whose self-confidence to ask questions was considered low by the teacher and research collaborators. The data were collected through observation, questionnaire and interview. Based on a pre-observation, problem sources had been identified, i.e., the students were afraid of being thought of as ＂looking for sensation only＂, afraid that their classmates would laugh at them, worried of being judged as arrogant or pretentious, did not want to be considered stupid, and wondered if they could produce qualified questions. Teachers believed that fear of asking questions is part of the Indonesian students＇ culture. The research team agreed upon the way to handle the problem--by respect and encouragement procedure. The first session implementing the procedure was not successful enough in raising the students＇ self-confidence. Though students had already started to address some questions of this stage, their behaviors did not seem to be improved. They were still afraid, doubtful and unhappy with questioning, which were the signs of lacking of confidence. However, the next cycle was in general a success. The students＇ questions increased considerably. They looked more enthusiastic, passionate and happier in response to teachers＇ invitation to inquire, showing that their self-confidence for asking questions has developed.

Students＇ Satisfaction with Simulation Learning Environment in Relation to Self-confidence and Learning Achievement

The evolution in patient simulation as educational tool is being driven by a number of factors. Priority of patient safety, patient availability, and the ever increasing body of medical knowledge presents new challenges to curriculum planners. Student＇s satisfaction is an important element of the investigation of simulation learning environment efficacy. There are suggestions that student satisfaction may have some correlation with self-confidence and learning achievement. This is a prospective exploratory study that evaluates learners＇ satisfaction with simulation learning environment and self-conference utilized satisfaction with SSE （simulation experience scale） and pre and post simulation test for learning achievement. Participants was third-year medical students （n = 45） participating in their regular simulation-based session at Center of Excellence for Simulation Education and Innovation （CESEI）, University of British Columbia. A comparison between pre- and post-test results was conducted on the basis of t-test for related samples. Correlation was used to explore the relationships among students satisfaction with the simulation environment and students＇ self-confidence and achievement. The simulation exercise, completed by 45 students, increased correct test answers on average from 72% to 89% （P-Value 〈 0.0001 by paired t-test）. Increases in test results were between pre- and post- simulation identical multiple choice questions. The mean score for satisfaction with simulation environment items was 4.47, SD （0.45）, using a 5-point Likert scale with 5 = strongly agree, 4 = agree, 3 = neutral, 2 = disagree, and 1 = strongly disagree. The mean score for self-confidence in performing BLS, evaluating and managing acute cardiac patient was 3.83, SD （1.02）. For evaluating the relationship between students satisfaction with simulation learning environment and learning achievement, bivariate analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between satisfaction with simulation learning environment and learning achievement （Pearson r = 0.80, P-Value 〈 0.01）. The magnitude or strength of the correlation coefficient （r = 0.80） indicated satisfaction with simulation environment and learning achievement have a strong effect and positive correlation. Simulation learning environment for medical students is effective in improving students＇ overall comprehension and better learning achievements. Furthermore, students＇ basic clinical skills are improved associated with higher self-confidence.

Culture Crisis and Culture Self-confidence

The cultural crisis is an inevitable process for any nation and country in the process of modernization. But the crisis is not terrible. With the cultural conflict, it contributes to integration and regeneration. Therefore, when Western learning spread to the East, which means the tradition turns to the modernization, the Eastern learning also spreaded to the West, which means using traditional approaches to solve the problems of modernization. The key to this problem is to construct a new cultural value system that meets the needs of modernization and the future society in the clash and crisis of culture. Chinese should be more confident in meeting foreign culture nowadays. There is no need to be afraid of the mingling of gold and sand, let alone the loss of national unique quality. In an era of reconstruction of the world order, China needs a globalized cultural narrative to rebuild the position of China and Asia in the world＇s cultural history and retrieve the lost position of Chinese culture. To this end, we can learn from nutrients of history and culture, establish self-confidence.

CHINA'S SELF-CONFIDENCE AND CONSCIOUSNESS IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

'China should make greater contributions to mankind.'Such contributions are now to be found more and more on the level of global governance.As General Secretary Xi Jinping observed in his New Year Address of 2016,'the world is too big,and challenges are too many,to go without the voice from China being heard,without solution ideas from China being shared,without the involvement of China being needed'.

Complete Convergenceand Complete Moment Convergence for Weighted Sums of ANA Random Variables

In this paper,we investigate the complete convergence and complete moment conver-gence for weighted sums of arrays of rowwise asymptotically negatively associated(ANA)random variables,without assuming identical distribution.The obtained results not only extend those of An and Yuan[1]and Shen et al.[2]to the case of ANA random variables,but also partially improve them.

Sensitivity Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from Dielectric Targets with Polynomial Chaos Expansion and Method of Moments

In this paper,an adaptive polynomial chaos expansion method(PCE)based on the method of moments(MoM)is proposed to construct surrogate models for electromagnetic scattering and further sensitivity analysis.The MoM is applied to accurately solve the electric field integral equation(EFIE)of electromagnetic scattering from homogeneous dielectric targets.Within the bistatic radar cross section(RCS)as the research object,the adaptive PCE algorithm is devoted to selecting the appropriate order to construct the multivariate surrogate model.The corresponding sensitivity results are given by the further derivative operation,which is compared with those of the finite difference method(FDM).Several examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for sensitivity analysis of electromagnetic scattering from homogeneous dielectric targets.

The deterministic condition for the ground reaction force acting point on the combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation moments in early phase of cutting maneuvers in female athletes

Background:Combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation(VL+IR)moments have been shown to stress the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)in several in vitro cadaveric studies.To utilize this knowledge for non-contact ACL injury prevention in sports,it is necessary to elucidate how the ground reaction force(GRF)acting point(center of pressure(CoP))in the stance foot produces combined knee VL+IR moments in risky maneuvers,such as cuttings.However,the effects of the GRF acting point on the development of the combined knee VL+IR moment in cutting are still unknown.Methods:We first established the deterministic mechanical condition that the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis differentiates the GRF vector’s directional probability for developing the combined knee VL+IR moment,and theoretically predicted that when the CoP is posterior to the tibial rotational axis,the GRF vector is more likely to produce the combined knee VL+IR moment than when the CoP is anterior to the tibial rotational axis.Then,we tested a stochastic aspect of our theory in a lab-controlled in vivo experiment.Fourteen females performed 60˚cutting under forefoot/rearfoot strike conditions(10 trials each).The positions of lower limb markers and GRF data were measured,and the knee moment due to GRF vector was calculated.The trials were divided into anterior-and posterior-CoP groups depending on the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis at each 10 ms interval from 0 to 100 ms after foot strike,and the occurrence rate of the combined knee VL+IR moment was compared between trial groups.Results:The posterior-CoP group showed significantly higher occurrence rates of the combined knee VL+IR moment(maximum of 82.8%)at every time point than those of the anterior-CoP trials,as theoretically predicted by the deterministic mechanical condition.Conclusion:The rearfoot strikes inducing the posterior CoP should be avoided to reduce the risk of non-contact ACL injury associated with the combined knee VL+IR stress.

Implementing and evaluating an automatic centroid moment tensor procedure for the Indonesia region and surrounding areas

The purpose of this research was to suggest an applicable procedure for computing the centroid moment tensor(CMT)automatically and in real time from earthquakes that occur in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.Gisola software was used to estimate the CMT solution by selecting the velocity model that best suited the local and regional geological conditions in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.The data used in this study were earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.4 to 8.0.High-quality,real-time broadband seismographic data were provided by the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks Web Services(FDSNWS)and the European Integrated Data Archive(EIDA)Federation in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.Furthermore,the inversion process and filter adjustment were carried out on the seismographic data to obtain good CMT solutions.The CMT solutions from Gisola provided good-quality solutions,in which all earthquake data had A-level quality(high quality,with good variant reduction).The Gisola CMT solution was justified with the Global CMT(GCMT)solution by using the Kagan angle value,with an average of approximately 11.2°.This result suggested that the CMT solution generated from Gisola was trustworthy and reliable.The Gisola CMT solution was typically available within approximately 15 minutes after an earthquake occurred.Once it met the quality requirement,it was automatically published on the internet.The catalog of local and regional earthquake records obtained through this technology holds great promise for improving the current understanding of regional seismic activity and ongoing tectonic processes.The accurate and real-time CMT solution generated by implementing the Gisola algorithm consisted of moment tensors and moment magnitudes,which provided invaluable insights into earthquakes occurring in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.

Prediction of seismic-induced bending moment and lateral displacement in closed and open-ended pipe piles:A genetic programming approach

Ensuring the reliability of pipe pile designs under earthquake loading necessitates an accurate determination of lateral displacement and bending moment,typically achieved through complex numerical modeling to address the intricacies of soil-pile interaction.Despite recent advancements in machine learning techniques,there is a persistent need to establish data-driven models that can predict these parameters without using numerical simulations due to the difficulties in conducting correct numerical simulations and the need for constitutive modelling parameters that are not readily available.This research presents novel lateral displacement and bending moment predictive models for closed and open-ended pipe piles,employing a Genetic Programming(GP)approach.Utilizing a soil dataset extracted from existing literature,comprising 392 data points for both pile types embedded in cohesionless soil and subjected to earthquake loading,the study intentionally limited input parameters to three features to enhance model simplicity:Standard Penetration Test(SPT)corrected blow count(N60),Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA),and pile slenderness ratio(L/D).Model performance was assessed via coefficient of determination(R^(2)),Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE),and Mean Absolute Error(MAE),with R^(2) values ranging from 0.95 to 0.99 for the training set,and from 0.92 to 0.98 for the testing set,which indicate of high accuracy of prediction.Finally,the study concludes with a sensitivity analysis,evaluating the influence of each input parameter across different pile types.

瘦身翻译之理念与表现——以Moment in Peking的汉译为例

瘦身翻译是由丰厚翻译逆向引发的一个新概念,指译者在翻译过程中将某些信息进行删减或简化的行为理念。原文读者与译文读者之间的语境视差是瘦身翻译存在的根据,即原文读者的语境视野小于译文读者的语境视野,丰厚翻译则相反。瘦身翻译尤其适用于用A语言书写B语言文化的事,然后再从A语言转换成B语言的文本。本文以林语堂Moment in Peking的两个汉译本为例,探讨其中的瘦身翻译现象。研究发现,张振玉的译本比郁飞的译本在"瘦身"处理上更为自然得体,信息冗余度明显低于郁译。瘦身翻译具有理论与实践双重意义,有望成为翻译研究的新术语。

物理学名词moment中文译名之创制及变迁

moment是物理学中一个基本概念。来华传教士与中国学者合作创译的中文译名混乱且不统一。20世纪初,日译名词"能率"被广泛采用,这一译名可能源于《重学浅说》。伍光建最先在《力学》(1904)中使用"矩"译名,但在当时影响不大。1930年代,"能率"被"矩"替代,当时逐渐形成的科学共同体和后来成立的国立编译馆在此过程中起了关键作用。

Ultimate negative bending-moment capacity of outer-plated steel-concrete continuous composite beams

Static load tests and bearing capacity analyses are carried out for two outer-plated steel-concrete continuous composite beams. The load-deflection curve and the load-strain curve of specimens are obtained and analyzed. The test results indicate that effective cooperation can be achieved by the shearresistant connection between the reinforcement in the negative moment area and the outer-plated steel beam, and the overall working performance of the composite beams is favorable. At the load-bearing limiting state, the plastic strain on the maximum negative and positive moment section becomes fully developed so as to form relatively ideal plastic hinges. With the increase in the reinforcement ratio, the moment-carrying capacity of the composite beams improves significantly, but the ductility of the beams and the rotation ability of the plastic hinges decrease. The formulae for calculating the limit bending capacity in the negative moment area of outer-plated steel-concrete composite beams are proposed based on the test data. The calculated results agree well with the test results.

从Moment in Peking看林语堂对中国文化特色词的补偿翻译

Moment in Peking是林语堂创作的一部英文小说,其中有许多中国文化特色词汇。作者对这些词汇的处理有多种策略,文化补偿就是很重要的一种。通过简单或详细补偿翻译,作者使英文读者能够很好地理解原文,同时达到传播中国文化的目的。

林语堂先生英文传意写作方法研究——从Moment in Peking说起

从传播学角度看,Moment in Peking是一种传意写作。其特点在于作者明确的写作意图与强烈的受众意识。作者林语堂先生了解西方受众的期待域并预知作品所容涵的汉文化信息对于西方受众的理解所存在的障碍:读者对英语语言媒介中大量的汉语拼音词汇意义的认知障碍、英语读者对汉译词汇的文化伴随意义的认知障碍、英语读者对整体语境的感知障碍以及英语读者、英语语言媒介与汉文化思维的矛盾。对此,他采取以受众思维方式构筑文本叙事逻辑、以外显式语言信息构筑原语文化语境、以连接式立体文本克服读者对原语文化词汇认知障碍等有效的写作方法。这种传意写作方法对于我们今天民族文化的传播而言仍不失其典范与借鉴意义。

语域视角下Moment in Peking翻译研究

Moment inPeking的中文译本虽已受到广大读者的欢迎,但学者们仍对译作质量存在不同的看法。为了较客观地反映译作质量,语域分析法被运用到Moment in Peking两中文译本研究中。两译本分别从语场对等、语旨对等和语式对等的角度与原文进行了对比分析。研究表明,与张振玉的译本相比,郁飞的译本更大程度上实现了与原文的语域对等,成功转换了原文文本的社会意义。同时,语域在翻译研究中的实用性和有效性也得到了有力证明,这对翻译工作者、翻译批评者及翻译教师有一定的指导意义。

林语堂Moment in Peking汉译本译者风格研究

Moment in Peking是林语堂最具有影响力的英文长篇小说,他以纯正娴熟的英文功底全景描绘了近代中国社会发生的巨大变化。本研究从语言形式入手,以语料库为工具对张振玉及郁飞两个汉译本在词汇和句子层面的基本特征进行数据统计和量化分析,比较和探讨两个汉译本在风格上的异同。通过研究,发现郁飞译本更强调译作的文学性,因而用词更加地道丰富;张振玉的译本显化特征更明显,译作通俗易懂,有利于读者的理解和接受。