Effects of Diet with"Lianhuang"Additive of Chinese Herb Medicine on Growth Performance and Metabolic Rates of Dietary Nutrients in Donglan Black Chicken

[Objectives]The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diet with"Lianhuang"additive of Chinese herbal medicine(LACHM)on growth performance and metabolic rates of dietary nutrients in Donglan black chickens(DBCs).[Methods]80 DBCs aged 1 d were blocked into 4 groups randomly and assigned to 6 replicates in each group with 20 chicks in each replicate.Group A as control group fed basal diet.Groups B,C and D as treatment groups consumed the basal diet added with 0.25%,0.50%and 1.00%of LACHM,respectively during the test period of 70 d.In the end of feeding test,24 DBCs with similar body weight from each group were chosen out and used for a metabolism test to determine the metabolic rates of dietary nutrients from each treatment.The metabolism test was conducted as the same design as the feeding test and the DBCs from each group were fed the same diet as previous test.[Results]The ADG of chickens in the test increased by 5.00%-9.15%(P<0.05)except the stage of 50-70 d,and the individual average body weight(IABW)at 70 d in group B also increased by 4.86%(P<0.05).Compared with group A,the ADG of group C in the stages of 36-49,1-49 and 1-70 d and the IABW in the end of 70 d increased by 5.90%,2.66%,2.68%and 2.57%(P>0.05),respectively.The ADFI in the stage of 36-49 d from group A was 6.04%more than that from group B(P<0.01),and 5.12%and 4.13%more than those from groups C and D(P<0.05),respectively,and the ADFI of group A in the stage of 1-49 d was still 2.86%more than that from group C(P<0.05).However,no differences in ADFI were found in other stages in the test among the 4 groups(P>0.05).The F/G in the stages of 22-35 and 1-70 d from group B was 6.32%and 3.41%lower than those from group A(P<0.05),respectively,and even 11.43%and 7.31%lower in the stages of 36-49 and 1-49 d from group B than those from group A(P<0.01),respectively.The F/G of group C in the stage of 36-49 d was also 10.15%lower than that of group A(P<0.05),and still 5.29%lower than that from group A in 1-49 d(P<0.01),but no differences were found in other stages between the two groups(P>0.05).The metabolic rates of MD,CP,CF,NFE,CA,TE,Ca and P in the 3 treatment diets for group B,C and D all increased to some extent.Among them,the increasing extents of diets with 0.25%and 0.50%of LACHM for groups B and C were much greater.Therefore,the diet with 0.25%of LACHM could improve the growth performance and metabolic rates of dietary nutrients in DBCs significantly.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical reference for the effects of traditional Chinese medicine additives on the growth and metabolic rates of DBCs.

Effects of a Self-made Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine Additive on Growth Performance and Occurrence of Diarrhea in Weaned Piglets

In this study,the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and occurrence of diarrhea in weaned piglets were investigated.A compound Chinese herbal medicine that consisted of Astragalus membranaceus,Codonopsis pilosula,Epimedium sagittatum,massa medicata fermentata,Atractylodes macrocephala,malt,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Angelica sinensis and Crataegus pinnatifida,was crushed and then passed through a 500-mesh sieve.The obtained powder was added to the basal diet of weaned piglets.A total of 100 healthy crossbred weaned piglets,aging 26±2 days,were selected.They were randomly divided into 5groups（20 piglets/group） in according to principles of similar parity（3-5）,similar body weight and half male and half female.The piglets in the control group were fed with basal diet.For the piglets in the I,II and III groups,0.4%,0.7% and 1.0%of Chinese herbal medicine additive were added to the basal diets,respectively.The basal diet of piglets in the IV group was added with 30 mg/kg of oxytetracycline.The results showed the incidences of diarrhea in I,II and III groups were4.85%,5.14% and 5.63% lower than that of control groups（P〈0.05）.There was no significant difference in incidence of diarrhea between the control and the IV groups.

Chinese herb feed additives improved the growth performance, meat quality, and nutrient digestibility parameters of pigs

Background:Since the use of antibiotics in animal feed has become a critical concern worldwide due to severe threats to human health and environment,we are in need of finding alternatives to antibiotics in pig breeding,maintaining the health of pigs,and getting high-quality pork.As traditional Chinese herbs(TCH)are rich natural resources in China and show great benefits to human health we propose to transfer this abundant resource into animal production industry as additives.Methods:Three groups of Chinese herbs(groups A,B,and C)were used as feed additives in the diet for pigs.In total 32 pigs were arranged in four groups(groups A,B,C,and control group,NC),fed in the same facility,eight pigs(one group)in each colony,free drinking,for 120 days.The feed:gain ratio(F/G),meat quality,total protein,and amino acid concentration of muscle were checked in the experiments.Results:After 120 days of feeding,the feed:gain ratio(F/G)of pigs in groups A,B,and C was decreased 17.56%,9.31%,and 13.86%compared with NC treatment,respectively.The diets supplemented with Chinese herbs improved meat quality,increased loin eye area(especially group A and C showed significant difference,P<.001),the total protein(increased ratio vs NC was A=4.54%,B=0.38%and C=3.53%),amino acid concentration of muscle,increased the villus height:crypt depth ratio,and induced positive effects on serum biochemical parameters and immune function(serum TC and TG concentrations were significantly lower than those in the NC group,P<.05.).Conclusions:The use of Chinese herbal feed additives can reduce the cost of pig breeding and produce high-quality pock.The combination of these effects would contribute to better absorption ability of the intestinal tract and yield a better growth performance.

The Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine Immune Additives on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Capacity of Acipenser schrenckii

[ Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of compound Chinese medicine on growth and antioxidant capacity of Acipenser schrenckii, and to provide a foundation for the application of traditional Chinese medicine as immune additives in sturgeon aquaculture production. [Methods] Three kinds of compound Chinese medicines （respectively called A, B and C） were added into basic material feed as feed additives, continuous fed 1 ^＋ age Acipenser schrenckii for 35 d, then weight gain rate was determined and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, malondialdehyde （MDA） content, total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-PX） activity in serum and liver were detected. [ Results ] Chinese medicine formulae could increase the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, total antioxidant capacity （ToAOC） and glutathione per- oxidase （GSH-PX） in serum and liver of sturgeon. Especially SOD enzyme activity of serum in the three formulae groups was significantly higher （ P 〈 0.05） than control group, SOD enzyme activities of fish liver in group A and C were significantly higher （ P 〈 0.05） than control group; T-AOC activities of serum and liver in the three formulae groups were both incressed, but had no significant differences with that of the control group; only GSH-PX activities of fish serum in group B and C had significant differences （P〈0.05） with that of control group, GSH-PX activities of liver in the three formulae groups had no significant differences with that of control group; and traditional Chinese medicine could significantly reduce malondialdehyde （MDA） content of sturgeon serum, MDA contents of serum and liver in three formulae groups had significant differences （P 〈 0.05） with that of control group. [ Conclusion] The selected three kinds of compound Chinese medicine additives had different degree of ability to improve sturgeon antioxidant function.

Effects of Nano Chinese Herbal Medicine Feed Additive on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Disease Resistance of Chickens

[Objectives]To explore the effects of nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive on growth performance,meat quality and disease resistance of chickens.[Methods]Chickens were fed with nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive developed by Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology,including 120 chickens in the treatment group and 120 chickens in the control group(CK).The growth performance indices(body weight gain,feed to gain ratio and slaughter index),meat quality indices(pH value,color,drip loss,shear force)and disease resistance indices(morbidity and mortality)of the chickens in the treatment and CK groups were recorded and determined,respectively.[Results]The inclusion of 2%nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the diet significantly increased the growth rate,reduced the feed-to-gain ratio and improved the meat quality of the chickens.Supplementing Chinese herbal medicine could increase the pH value and reduce the drip loss and shear force of chicken meat.At the same time,the body's immune function,antioxidant level and resistance against diseases of the chickens fed with nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive were improved.[Conclusions]The inclusion of nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the diet can improve the growth performance,meat quality and disease resistance of chickens.

A Review of Chinese Herb Medicine Additives on Chicken Growth Performance

Researches showed that many Chinese herb medicines can improve chicken growth performance not only by their pharmacological function, but also by the improvement of antioxidant function, immunity and disease resistance of chicken. The menace to human health and environment has occurred since too much antibiotics have been used as growth-promoting additives in long term in chicken industry. Therefore, research on replacement of antibiotics by Chinese herb medicines as additives for chicken growth is underway. This paper summarized some research results in the topic briefly to provide information for researchers and readers.

Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine Feed Additives on Growth Performance and Dietary Nutrient Metabolism of Black-bone Chickens

[Objectives]To study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on the growth performance and dietary nutrient metabolic rate of black-one chickens.[Methods]480 pieces of 1-day-old Donglan Black-bone Chickens were selected and divided into 4 groups,with 6 replicates in each group,with 20 pieces in each replicate.Among them,group A was the control group and was fed the basal diet;the groups B,C,and D were the experimental groups,which were separately supplemented with 0.25%,0.50%and 1.00%of Chinese herbal medicine additives in the basal diet,and the experimental period was 70 d.At the end of the feeding experiment,24 experimental chickens with similar body weight were selected from each group,and the same design of the feeding experiment was used to continue to feed the original diet for the metabolic experiment to determine the nutrient metabolic rate.[Results]Except the 50-70 d stage,the average daily gain(ADG)of group B in other stages was increased by 5.00%-9.15%(P<0.05),and the average body weight of group B at 70 d was also increased by 4.86%(P<0.05);the ADG of group C at 36-49,1-49 and 1-70 d and the average individual weight at 70 d were also higher than that of group A by 5.90%,2.66%,2.68%and 2.57%,respectively(P>0.05);at 36-49 d,the average daily feed intake(ADFI)of group A was higher than that of group B by 6.04%(P<0.01),and was also higher than that of groups C and D by 5.12%and 4.13%(P<0.05),respectively;at 1-49 d,the ADFI of group A was higher than that of group C by 2.86%(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the four groups of experimental chickens at each stage(P>0.05);at 22-35 and 1-70 d,the feed to gain ratio(F/G)of group B was 6.32%and 3.41%lower than that of group A(P<0.05),and at 36-49 and 1-49 d,the F/G of group B was even lower;at 36-49 d,the F/G of group C was 10.15%lower than that of group A(P<0.05),and at 1-49 d,it was also lower than that of group A by 5.29%(P<0.01);there was no significant difference between the two groups at other stages.In terms of nutrient metabolism:the three different amounts of this additive have increased the metabolic rate of DM,CP,CF,NFE,CA,Ca,P,TE and other nutrients in the diet to varying degrees,especially the addition of 0.25%and 0.50%had the significant increase.[Conclusions]The addition of 0.25%Chinese herbal medicine additives in the diet can significantly improve the growth performance and main nutrient metabolic rate of Donglan Black-bone Chickens.

菌酶协同发酵复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫、抗氧化和生长相关激素指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加菌酶协同发酵复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫、抗氧化和生长相关激素指标的影响,为复方中草药在断奶仔猪生产上的应用提供理论依据。试验采用单因素随机化设计,选用健康、体重相近的(28±2)日龄断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复8头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的菌酶协同发酵复方中草药。试验期为28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),平均日采食量和料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著降低(P<0.05);1.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白蛋白(ALB)和总蛋白(TP)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著升高(P<0.05),1.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清生长激素(GH)和胃泌素(GAS)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清皮质醇(COR)含量显著降低(P<0.05);1.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T 3)和四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T 4)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加菌酶协同发酵复方中草药能够提高断奶仔猪生长性能,增强机体免疫功能和抗氧化能力,提高血清生长相关激素含量。本试验条件下,饲粮中菌酶协同发酵复方中草药适宜添加水平为1.0%。

益生菌发酵中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标、抗氧化能力及肠道功能的影响

试验旨在研究益生菌发酵中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标、抗氧化能力及肠道功能的影响。选择35日龄、体重(8.76±0.54)kg的健康断奶仔猪54头,公、母各半,随机分为3个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验A组和B组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5%和1.0%益生菌发酵中草药。试验期为28 d。结果表明:与发酵前的中草药相比,益生菌发酵中草药总黄酮、总生物碱、总皂苷和粗多糖含量显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验A组、B组仔猪平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),料重比和腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05);试验A组、B组血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、补体C3和补体C4含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验A组、B组仔猪血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著升高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);试验A组、B组小肠中乳酸杆菌和酵母菌数量显著升高(P<0.05),大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。试验A组、B组十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度和绒隐比(V/C)显著升高(P<0.05),空肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,在饲粮中添加益生菌发酵中草药改善了断奶仔猪的生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力及肠道功能,且以添加0.5%的益生菌中草药的效果较好。

鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中药制剂条件优化及对鸡球虫感染的疗效试验

为探究鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中药组方(青蒿、常山、仙鹤草、何首乌、白头翁及白茅根)制剂的最佳条件及其对感染球虫鸡存活率、血便计分、每克粪便卵囊数(OPG)及免疫细胞等的影响,试验筛选了鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中药组方制剂的最佳中药浓度、接菌量、培养时间和pH值。用在该条件下发酵的中药制剂对正阳三黄鸡进行抗球虫感染试验,试验鸡分为空白对照组、球虫攻毒组、地克珠利组、纯中药组、鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中药组及鼠李糖乳杆菌组;21日龄时分别称量各试验组鸡的体重,计算存活率、OPG值及检测血便记分与血液中的CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞含量。结果显示:中药浓度为1.5 g/mL、接菌剂量为2%、培养时间为18 h、pH为6.5时,鼠李糖乳杆菌活性最高;鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中药组试验鸡21日龄体重和14~21日龄平均日增重显著高于球虫攻毒组、纯中药组和鼠李糖乳杆菌组(P<0.05);鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中药组血便记分和OPG值显著低于球虫攻毒组、纯中药组和鼠李糖乳杆菌组(P<0.05);鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中药组CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞含量显著高于球虫攻毒组、纯中药组和鼠李糖乳杆菌组(P<0.05)。研究表明,鼠李糖乳杆菌有最佳的发酵中药条件,该条件下发酵的中药制剂能够在防治球虫感染鸡方面能够提高鸡的存活率、减少血便及卵囊排出,提高鸡CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞含量,并且比单独的中药组方及单独的鼠李糖杆菌具有明显优势。

中草药制剂对肉鸽生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫性能的影响

试验旨在探讨中草药制剂对肉鸽生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫性能的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选择28日龄的健康肉鸽240只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只肉鸽。CK组饲喂基础饲粮,A组、B组和C组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.010、0.025、0.050 g/kg中草药制剂。预试期7 d,正式试验期30 d。结果显示,B组肉鸽的末重显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。56日龄时,B组肉鸽血清中白蛋白(ALB)含量极显著高于A组(P<0.01),显著高于CK组(P<0.05);B组、C组血清总胆固醇(TC)含量显著高于A组(P<0.05);65日龄时,B组血清总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于CK组(P<0.05),显著高于A组(P<0.05);B组血清ALB含量极显著高于CK组(P<0.01),显著高于A组(P<0.05)。42日龄时,B组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和C组免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量均显著高于CK组(P<0.05);B组、C组血清补体C3、干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)含量显著高于CK组(P<0.05);65日龄时,B组血清免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、IgM、IgG、白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)含量显著高于CK组(P<0.05);B组血清补体C3、补体C4、IFN-γ、白细胞介素-4 (IL-4)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)含量极显著高于CK组(P<0.01)。研究表明,添加中草药制剂能有效改善肉鸽的生长性能和血清生化指标,促进免疫器官发育,增强免疫能力,以0.025 g/kg添加量效果较好。

复方中草药对兔生长性能和肠道健康的影响

为了研究复方中草药对兔生长性能、免疫功能、肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化能力、肠道形态和肠道微生物的影响,本试验选取72只5周龄健康新西兰大白兔,随机分成对照组(CN,饲喂基础饲粮)和中草药组(CM,基础饲粮中添加600 mg/kg复方中草药),每组36只,试验周期为42 d。每周测定各组兔的采食量和体增重,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G);试验第21、42天,每组随机选择4只健康兔,采血分离血清,检测生化指标和免疫指标;试验结束(第42天),收集兔小肠肠段,通过ELISA检测小肠黏膜消化酶活性和抗氧化指标,苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色观察小肠绒毛形态,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测紧密连接蛋白mRNA的相对表达量,高通量测序分析盲肠微生物多样性。结果显示,两组间ADFI、ADG和F/G均差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,在试验第21天时,中草药组兔血清中总胆固醇(Tchol)含量极显著降低(P<0.01);在试验第42天时,中草药组兔血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量和回肠黏膜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);肠道中消化酶(α-淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)活性显著升高(P<0.05);空肠中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);空肠绒毛长度(V)显著增长(P<0.05),隐窝深度(C)显著降低(P<0.05),绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值(V/C)极显著升高(P<0.01);十二指肠中闭锁蛋白(Occludin)mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05),回肠中膜周蛋白(ZO-1)和Occludin mRNA相对表达量也显著上调(P<0.05);盲肠内容物细菌16S rRNA基因的菌群丰富度指数(Chaol)丰度值显著升高(P<0.05);盲肠在属水平分类上的主要优势菌群为梭菌属(Clostridiales)和阿克曼菌属(Akkermansia)等。结果表明,兔日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂能增强机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,维持肠道黏膜形态的完整,提高肠道消化酶活性,改善肠道菌群。

中草药添加剂对断奶湖羊生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究不同剂量的中草药添加剂对湖羊生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响。选取48只2月龄健康状况良好、体重相近的断奶公羔湖羊,随机分成4组,每组设4个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.010、0.025、0.050 g/kg的中草药添加剂。预试期7 d,正式试验期90 d。结果表明,61~90 d,试验Ⅱ组湖羊平均日增重比对照组增加了22.22%(P<0.05),料重比降低了18.85%(P<0.01)。第30 d,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组总蛋白(TP)、干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与试验Ⅲ组相比,试验Ⅱ组免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、白细胞介素4 (IL-4)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IFN-γ含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。第60 d,试验Ⅱ组还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量极显著高于对照组及试验Ⅲ组(P<0.01)。与对照组和试验Ⅲ组相比,试验Ⅱ组免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、IgG、IL-4、IFN-γ含量极显著升高(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组IL-6含量显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05),IgA、IL-4含量显著或极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。第90 d,试验Ⅱ组IgA含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、IFN-γ含量显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。研究表明,中草药添加剂能够促进湖羊的生长,增强动物机体的抗氧化能力和免疫力,中草药添加剂的适宜添加量为0.025 g/kg。

植物乳杆菌发酵四君子散对肉鸡生长性能的影响

在减抗替抗的要求下,发酵中药因其绿色天然、无药物残留的优点被广泛应用于畜禽养殖中。为研究植物乳杆菌发酵四君子散对肉鸡生长性能的影响,选取75只健康罗斯308肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照)、基础日粮+1%四君子散、基础日粮+0.5%植物乳杆菌、基础日粮+0.5%植物乳杆菌+1%四君子散、基础日粮+1%发酵四君子散,通过测定肉鸡平均日增质量、平均日采食量、料肉比、饲料和粪便中粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量、血清生化指标和小肠中消化酶的活性来分析发酵四君子散对肉鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,发酵四君子散显著降低了肉鸡料肉比,显著提高了肉鸡粗蛋白和粗脂肪消化率,显著降低了血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性,而对血清中尿素氮(BUN)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量无显著影响。同时,发酵四君子散能显著提高十二指肠中α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性以及小肠各肠段胰蛋白酶活性。综上,发酵四君子散可作为饲料添加剂,有效降低肉鸡料肉比,增加养分表观消化率,增强小肠消化酶的活性,提高肉鸡生长性能。

发酵中草药对育肥猪生长性能、血液生化指标及免疫机能的影响

为研究日粮中添加发酵中草药(黄芪、板蓝根、大枣、党参、石榴皮、连翘、黄芩)对育肥猪临床表现、生产性能、血液生化指标等的影响,试验将32头100日龄、体重为(48±1)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪随机均分为4组,包括对照组(饲喂基础日粮)、低剂量组(饲喂基础日粮+0.5%发酵中草药)、中剂量组(饲喂基础日粮+1%发酵中草药)和高剂量组(饲喂基础日粮+2%发酵中草药),试验周期为35 d,试验期间监测受试猪只精神状态、腹泻情况、体温、生产性能、栏舍氨气含量,试验后采集受试猪只血液用于测定血液常规和生化指标。结果表明:试验组猪只饲喂发酵中草药后精神状态、体温无明显异常(P>0.05),发酵中草药能够一定程度改善猪只腹泻和生产性能,尤其是中剂量组增重相比于对照组增加5.97 kg,提升26.49%(P<0.01),采食量相比于对照组多11.90 kg,提升了20.55%,差异极显著(P<0.01),且料肉比降低0.12(P<0.05)。栏舍氨气监测结果显示,发酵中草药连续使用28 d后,栏舍氨气含量相比于对照组下降1.48 ppm,降幅为26.24%(P<0.01);血常规检测结果显示,试验组白细胞数、淋巴细胞数、中间细胞数、粒细胞数以及血小板计数无明显变化(P>0.05),试验组相比于对照组红细胞数有轻微提升(P>0.05),低、中、高试验组猪只血液中血红蛋白含量显著提高20.49 g/L(17.22%)、24.01 g/L(20.18%)、25.48 g/L(21.41%)(P<0.01);血液生化检测结果显示,试验组谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、肌酐、尿素氮、葡萄糖含量均无明显变化(P>0.05),而总蛋白和球蛋白含量相比于对照组呈现剂量依赖性增加,高剂量组相比于对照组分别提升5.11 g/L(9.94%)和5.56 g/L(17.14%),差异显著(P<0.05)。进一步ELISA检测结果显示,试验组IgA、IgG、IgM含量均显著上升(P<0.01),高剂量组相比于对照组分别增加248.50 mg/mL(38.37%)、7.25 mg/mL(105.99%)、146.29 mg/mL(24.68%),差异极显著(P<0.01),说明基础日粮中添加发酵中草药对猪只机体无明显不良影响,且能够提升猪只生产性能、降低栏舍氨气,同时改善机体免疫功能。

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定中药材专用膨大剂类农肥中21种植物生长调节剂的含量

提出了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定中药材专用膨大剂类农肥中21种植物生长调节剂含量的方法。取农肥样品0.1 mL,经10 mL 50%(体积分数)乙腈溶液提取,150 mg MgSO_(4)和50 mg C_(18)吸附剂净化;在上清液中加入内标,涡旋、过滤后,取续滤液注入高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪。采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC C_(18)色谱柱,以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相体系进行梯度洗脱;在电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式下,采用多反应监测模式检测,内标法定量。结果表明:21种植物生长调节剂的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积比值呈线性关系,检出限为0.01~4.00μg·kg^(-1),日内、日间测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5.0%;按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为71.6%~105%。

发酵中药对母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加发酵中药对母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响。选取3~4胎次、体重相近的待产前1周的“长×大”二元杂交母猪45头,随机分为3组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加2%和4%发酵中药的试验饲粮。从产前7 d开始饲喂,到产后21 d结束。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加2%和4%发酵中药显著提高初生窝重、断奶窝重、平均断奶重、断奶仔猪数和仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加2%和4%发酵中药显著提高母猪泌乳力、初乳成分中乳脂肪和乳蛋白含量(P<0.05);显著提高初乳中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05),显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加2%和4%发酵中药显著提高母猪血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和SOD活性(P<0.05),显著降低MDA含量(P<0.05);显著提高母猪血清中催乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)的含量(P<0.05),显著降低孕酮(Prog)的含量(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加2%和4%发酵中药显著提高哺乳仔猪血清中SOD活性(P<0.05),显著降低仔猪腹泻率(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加2%和4%发酵中药可显著提高母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能,降低仔猪腹泻率。

中草药复方添加剂对蛋雏鸡生长性能、血清免疫因子及肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在探讨以桑叶、女贞子、麦冬、蒲公英及马齿苋配伍而成的中草药复方添加剂对蛋雏鸡生长性能、血清免疫因子及肠道菌群的影响。选取960只1日龄健康、体重相近的海兰褐蛋雏鸡随机分成2组,每组5个重复,每个重复96只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加0.2%中草药复方添加剂的基础日粮。试验期42 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组蛋雏鸡22~42日龄平均日增重提高8.53%(P<0.05),平均日采食量与料重比降低6.51%与13.50%(P<0.01);1~42日龄平均日增重提高8.68%(P<0.01),料重比与死淘率分别降低10.37%和55.47%(P<0.01);血清免疫因子IFN-γ与IL-2水平提高33.35%和46.37%(P<0.01);试验组盲肠变形菌门丰度降低31.84%(P<0.05),放线菌门丰度升高82.61%(P<0.05),试验组粪杆菌属丰度升高128.08%(P<0.05);脱硫弧菌属丰度降低53.66%(P<0.01)。综上所述,0.2%中草药复方添加剂可促进蛋雏鸡生长,提高血清免疫因子水平,优化蛋雏鸡的盲肠菌群结构组成。

中草药添加剂对育成鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究中草药添加剂对育成鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选用288只6周龄健康的京红1号育成鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组分别在基础饲粮中添加0、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的中草药添加剂。试验期8 w。结果表明:与Ⅰ组相比,各试验组10、14周龄体重均显著提高(P<0.05);7~10、11~14周龄时,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组平均日增重均有所提高。14周龄时,Ⅳ组血清生长激素水平显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组血清甲状腺素水平显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。10周龄时,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均增强,血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均降低。14周龄时,Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著提高,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,10周龄时,Ⅲ组血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著降低,白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。14周龄时,Ⅳ组血清IL-6和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量显著降低(P<0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组血清IL-10含量显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮中添加中草药能够提高育成鸡生长性能,增强免疫功能和抗氧化能力,添加量以0.5%较好。

中药复方对绵羊生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究高精料饲粮中添加中药复方对绵羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标、免疫、抗炎和抗氧化功能的影响。选取30只体重(20.81±1.27)kg的3月龄杜寒杂交公羔,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只羊。基础饲粮精粗比为75∶25,对照组、Z1组和Z3组的中药复方添加量分别为0、10、30 g/d。预试期15 d,正式试验期50 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,添加30 g/d中药复方可以提高绵羊的末重和平均日增重(P<0.05),降低料重比(P<0.05),提高粗蛋白表观消化率(P<0.05),降低血清尿素氮的含量(P<0.05),降低血清中甘油三酯含量(P<0.05),增加低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P<0.05),提高血清中总抗氧化能力以及过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和总超氧化物歧化酶的活性(P<0.05),降低血清中丙二醛含量(P<0.05),提高血清中酸性磷酸酶、溶菌酶活性以及免疫球蛋白、干扰素-γ含量(P<0.05),降低血清中一氧化氮、脂多糖、白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α含量(P<0.05)。研究表明,在高精料饲粮中添加30 g/d的中药复方可以提高绵羊的抗氧化能力和免疫功能,降低血清促炎因子水平,缓解机体炎症,提高绵羊的日增重和养分表观消化率,对保持绵羊机体健康具有积极影响。