On the basis of making clear diversity characteristics of soil functions and multiple characteristics of income, this paper points out that the monetization of soil functions based functional maintenance and change de...On the basis of making clear diversity characteristics of soil functions and multiple characteristics of income, this paper points out that the monetization of soil functions based functional maintenance and change decision process can be regarded as a game process of different utilization methods at the background of different functions. The balance of this game process will determine monetary value of soil functions. After understanding money and monetization concepts, it introduces that measurability and exchangeability of soil functions provide objective conditions for monetization of soil functions. Finally, it discusses that usefulness value of soil functions provide basis for monetization of soil functions.展开更多
The purpose of the paper is to identify the factors of financial development that have the greatest impact on open innovation in 7 emerging countries.The analysis was performed featuring the MF-X-DMA method,as well as...The purpose of the paper is to identify the factors of financial development that have the greatest impact on open innovation in 7 emerging countries.The analysis was performed featuring the MF-X-DMA method,as well as its further verification for auto-correlation and heteroscedasticity.The time period covers years from 2002 to 2020.The article states that the main indicators to improve financial development should enhance the process of bank lending and equity market development.An important area is the development of competition by providing equal access to information to all market participants in a continuously refining technical infrastructure.Regression analysis with the MF-X-DMA method confirms the statistical significance of this influ-ence.The article fills the knowledge gap into the link between open innovations and the relatively low capitalization of the modern emerging countries’financial market,low liquidity in small cap stocks at the financial market and concentration of the banking sector,as well as risks arising in the process of globalization.Another analysis has also been conducted by generating a novel fuzzy decision-making model.In the first stage,the determinants of open innovation-based fintech potential are weighted for the emerging economies.For this purpose,M-SWARA methodology is taken into consideration based on bipolar q-ROFSs and golden cut.The second stage of the analysis includes evaluating the emerging economies with the determinants of open innovation-based fintech potential.In this context,emerging seven countries are examined with ELECTRE methodology.It found the most significant factor is the open innovation-based fintech potential.展开更多
In 1996,the first author of this essay manifested that financial assets structure of China,which was then dominated by indirect financing,had led to many problems in the economy.After more than ten years of financial ...In 1996,the first author of this essay manifested that financial assets structure of China,which was then dominated by indirect financing,had led to many problems in the economy.After more than ten years of financial reform,has the financial assets structure been improved?Can the existing financial assets structure accommodate the development of Chinese economy?This paper tries to answer the above questions by reanalyzing the current financial structure in China.It is found that the financial asset structure of China has experienced obvious improvement.Meanwhile the new structure has brought some new problems which ought to be resolved by further improvement of monetary market and capital market.In the coming ten years,the optimal path for the development of China’s financial market is through twoway opening.展开更多
This article examines the Badeng Kenyah,a people in Sarawak’s interior who are experiencing the shift from subsistence living to a money economy.Ethnographic description and oral history are used to examine the insid...This article examines the Badeng Kenyah,a people in Sarawak’s interior who are experiencing the shift from subsistence living to a money economy.Ethnographic description and oral history are used to examine the inside factors(such as the individual search for livelihood)and outside forces(government and the market)that brought about this shift.Some philosophical reflection addresses the impact of money on individuality and social life,with inspiration drawn from the classic works of Karl Polanyi and Georg Simmel.When the myth of money becomes accepted as a norm,human self-interest naturally guides individual behavior toward commodification,a path negotiated through those moral values that a community has maintained intact and those it has redefined to suit a monetary economy.For better and for worse,commodification works vast changes on social relations and the environment.What the Badeng experienced is what all modern peoples have gone through at one point or another.By looking at what happened to these particular people,we see again the experience that has shaped us all.展开更多
Typically, crude oil production in Nigeria always accompanied by surface production of associated gas. With little associated gas recovery facilities in place, majority of associated gas is continuously flared with fe...Typically, crude oil production in Nigeria always accompanied by surface production of associated gas. With little associated gas recovery facilities in place, majority of associated gas is continuously flared with few portions re-injected into the reservoir for enhance oil recovery (EOR). In addition to environmental hazards, wasting substantial amount of produced associated gas is deemed detrimental to a country currently generating less than 54% of its electric power requirement. Onsite power generation as one of the many means of utilization of associated gas has been conceived. Conversely, the availability and performance of the gas turbine engine for onsite associated gas utilization requires evaluation owing to variations in associated natural gas composition globally and the dependency of associated gas production on reservoirs and oil production activities. This paper presents an analytical investigation of gas turbine engine inspired by GE LMS100 frame engine for onsite utilization of associated gas in Nigeria. Gas turbine performance results are presented and performance parameters are compared against typical commercial natural gas grade.展开更多
Machine learning advancements in healthcare have made data collected through smartphones and wearable devices a vital source of public health and medical insights.While wearable device data help to monitor,detect,and ...Machine learning advancements in healthcare have made data collected through smartphones and wearable devices a vital source of public health and medical insights.While wearable device data help to monitor,detect,and predict diseases and health conditions,some data owners hesitate to share such sensitive data with companies or researchers due to privacy concerns.Moreover,wearable devices have been recently available as commercial products;thus large,diverse,and representative datasets are not available to most researchers.In this article,the authors propose an open marketplace where wearable device users securely monetize their wearable device records by sharing data with consumers(e.g.,researchers)to make wearable device data more available to healthcare researchers.To secure the data transactions in a privacy-preserving manner,the authors use a decentralized approach using Blockchain and Non-Fungible Tokens(NFTs).To ensure data originality and integrity with secure validation,the marketplace uses Trusted Execution Environments(TEE)in wearable devices to verify the correctness of health data.The marketplace also allows researchers to train models using Federated Learning with a TEE-backed secure aggregation of data users may not be willing to share.To ensure user participation,we model incentive mechanisms for the Federated Learning-based and anonymized data-sharing approaches using NFTs.The authors also propose using payment channels and batching to reduce smart contact gas fees and optimize user profits.If widely adopted,it’s believed that TEE and Blockchain-based incentives will promote the ethical use of machine learning with validated wearable device data in healthcare and improve user participation due to incentives.展开更多
Urban green land compensation plays an impor-tant role in county development,ecological environment management and many other fields.The concept,methods and principles of urban green land are introduced in this paper....Urban green land compensation plays an impor-tant role in county development,ecological environment management and many other fields.The concept,methods and principles of urban green land are introduced in this paper.According to the pay fee method,the value and ecological function of various types of urban green land were analyzed.The cost-benefit analysis method(CBAM)was used to estimate different external diseconomy benefits caused by green land loss.The authors applied CBAM to estimate such benefits in the case of Shanghai,China,and calculated the actual compensation value for green land.Results indicated that in 2002,the compensation value for the green land of Shanghai was RMB 8.58×10^(5) Yuan/hm^(2).展开更多
基金Supported by Hebei Provincial Social Science Foundation Project in 2012(HB12YJ055)
文摘On the basis of making clear diversity characteristics of soil functions and multiple characteristics of income, this paper points out that the monetization of soil functions based functional maintenance and change decision process can be regarded as a game process of different utilization methods at the background of different functions. The balance of this game process will determine monetary value of soil functions. After understanding money and monetization concepts, it introduces that measurability and exchangeability of soil functions provide objective conditions for monetization of soil functions. Finally, it discusses that usefulness value of soil functions provide basis for monetization of soil functions.
文摘The purpose of the paper is to identify the factors of financial development that have the greatest impact on open innovation in 7 emerging countries.The analysis was performed featuring the MF-X-DMA method,as well as its further verification for auto-correlation and heteroscedasticity.The time period covers years from 2002 to 2020.The article states that the main indicators to improve financial development should enhance the process of bank lending and equity market development.An important area is the development of competition by providing equal access to information to all market participants in a continuously refining technical infrastructure.Regression analysis with the MF-X-DMA method confirms the statistical significance of this influ-ence.The article fills the knowledge gap into the link between open innovations and the relatively low capitalization of the modern emerging countries’financial market,low liquidity in small cap stocks at the financial market and concentration of the banking sector,as well as risks arising in the process of globalization.Another analysis has also been conducted by generating a novel fuzzy decision-making model.In the first stage,the determinants of open innovation-based fintech potential are weighted for the emerging economies.For this purpose,M-SWARA methodology is taken into consideration based on bipolar q-ROFSs and golden cut.The second stage of the analysis includes evaluating the emerging economies with the determinants of open innovation-based fintech potential.In this context,emerging seven countries are examined with ELECTRE methodology.It found the most significant factor is the open innovation-based fintech potential.
文摘In 1996,the first author of this essay manifested that financial assets structure of China,which was then dominated by indirect financing,had led to many problems in the economy.After more than ten years of financial reform,has the financial assets structure been improved?Can the existing financial assets structure accommodate the development of Chinese economy?This paper tries to answer the above questions by reanalyzing the current financial structure in China.It is found that the financial asset structure of China has experienced obvious improvement.Meanwhile the new structure has brought some new problems which ought to be resolved by further improvement of monetary market and capital market.In the coming ten years,the optimal path for the development of China’s financial market is through twoway opening.
文摘This article examines the Badeng Kenyah,a people in Sarawak’s interior who are experiencing the shift from subsistence living to a money economy.Ethnographic description and oral history are used to examine the inside factors(such as the individual search for livelihood)and outside forces(government and the market)that brought about this shift.Some philosophical reflection addresses the impact of money on individuality and social life,with inspiration drawn from the classic works of Karl Polanyi and Georg Simmel.When the myth of money becomes accepted as a norm,human self-interest naturally guides individual behavior toward commodification,a path negotiated through those moral values that a community has maintained intact and those it has redefined to suit a monetary economy.For better and for worse,commodification works vast changes on social relations and the environment.What the Badeng experienced is what all modern peoples have gone through at one point or another.By looking at what happened to these particular people,we see again the experience that has shaped us all.
文摘Typically, crude oil production in Nigeria always accompanied by surface production of associated gas. With little associated gas recovery facilities in place, majority of associated gas is continuously flared with few portions re-injected into the reservoir for enhance oil recovery (EOR). In addition to environmental hazards, wasting substantial amount of produced associated gas is deemed detrimental to a country currently generating less than 54% of its electric power requirement. Onsite power generation as one of the many means of utilization of associated gas has been conceived. Conversely, the availability and performance of the gas turbine engine for onsite associated gas utilization requires evaluation owing to variations in associated natural gas composition globally and the dependency of associated gas production on reservoirs and oil production activities. This paper presents an analytical investigation of gas turbine engine inspired by GE LMS100 frame engine for onsite utilization of associated gas in Nigeria. Gas turbine performance results are presented and performance parameters are compared against typical commercial natural gas grade.
文摘Machine learning advancements in healthcare have made data collected through smartphones and wearable devices a vital source of public health and medical insights.While wearable device data help to monitor,detect,and predict diseases and health conditions,some data owners hesitate to share such sensitive data with companies or researchers due to privacy concerns.Moreover,wearable devices have been recently available as commercial products;thus large,diverse,and representative datasets are not available to most researchers.In this article,the authors propose an open marketplace where wearable device users securely monetize their wearable device records by sharing data with consumers(e.g.,researchers)to make wearable device data more available to healthcare researchers.To secure the data transactions in a privacy-preserving manner,the authors use a decentralized approach using Blockchain and Non-Fungible Tokens(NFTs).To ensure data originality and integrity with secure validation,the marketplace uses Trusted Execution Environments(TEE)in wearable devices to verify the correctness of health data.The marketplace also allows researchers to train models using Federated Learning with a TEE-backed secure aggregation of data users may not be willing to share.To ensure user participation,we model incentive mechanisms for the Federated Learning-based and anonymized data-sharing approaches using NFTs.The authors also propose using payment channels and batching to reduce smart contact gas fees and optimize user profits.If widely adopted,it’s believed that TEE and Blockchain-based incentives will promote the ethical use of machine learning with validated wearable device data in healthcare and improve user participation due to incentives.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50579003).
文摘Urban green land compensation plays an impor-tant role in county development,ecological environment management and many other fields.The concept,methods and principles of urban green land are introduced in this paper.According to the pay fee method,the value and ecological function of various types of urban green land were analyzed.The cost-benefit analysis method(CBAM)was used to estimate different external diseconomy benefits caused by green land loss.The authors applied CBAM to estimate such benefits in the case of Shanghai,China,and calculated the actual compensation value for green land.Results indicated that in 2002,the compensation value for the green land of Shanghai was RMB 8.58×10^(5) Yuan/hm^(2).
