Determination of Monitoring Control Value for Concrete Gravity Dam Spatial Deformation Based on POT Model

Deformation can directly reflect the working behavior of the dam,so determining the deformation monitoring control value can effectively monitor the safety of dam operation.The traditional dam deformation monitoring control value only considers the single measuring point.In order to overcome the limitation,this paper presents a new method to determine the monitoring control value for concrete gravity dam based on the deformations of multi-measuring points.A dam’s comprehensive deformation displacement is determined by the measured values at different measuring points on the positive inverted vertical line and the corresponding weight of eachmeasuring point.The projection pursuit method(PPM)combined with the grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm is used to determine the weight of each measuring point according to the spatial correlation distribution characteristics of dam deformation.The peaks over threshold(POT)model based on the extreme value theory is adopted to determine the monitoring control value with the obtained dam comprehensive deformation displacement.In addition,the POTmodel is improved with the automatic threshold determinationmethod based on the 3σcriterion in probability theory and the GWO algorithm,which can avoid subjectivity and randomness in determining the threshold.The results of the engineering application show the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method.

A Multi-Interface Remote Monitoring and Control System Architecture Based on Embedded Server

This paper presents a multi-interface embedded server architecture for remote real-time monitoring system and distributed monitoring applications. In the scheme,an embedded microprocessor( LPC3250 from NXP) is chosen as the CPU of the embedded server with a linux operation system( OS) environment. The embedded server provides multiple interfaces for supporting various application scenarios. The whole network is based on local area network and adopts the Browser / Server( B / S) model. The monitoring and control node is as a browser endpoint and the remote node with an embedded server is as a server endpoint. Users can easily acquire various sensors information through writing Internet protocol address of remote node on the computer browser. Compared with client / server( C / S) mode,B / S model needs less maintain and can be applicable to large user group. In addition,a simple network management protocol( SNMP) is used for management of devices in Internet protocol( IP) networks. The results of the demonstration experiment show that the proposed system gives good support to manage the network from different user terminals and allows the users to better interact with the ambient environment.

A wireless solution for greenhouse monitoring and control system based on ZigBee technology

With the rapid development of wireless technologies, it is possible for Chinese greenhouses to be equipped with wireless sensor networks due to their low-cost, simplicity and mobility. In the current study, we compared the advantages of ZigBee with other two similar wireless networking protocols, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and proposed a wireless solution for green- house monitoring and control system based on ZigBee technology. As an explorative application of ZigBee technology in Chinese greenhouse, it may promote Chinese protected agriculture.

A hierarchical architecture of centralized monitoring and controlling system and its high-performance and interoperability protocol

This paper describes a hierarchical architecture and a high-performance and interoperability protocol for centralized monitoring and controlling systems (CMCS) . The protocol we proposed can interoperate different monitoring and controlling systems constructed by different companies, each with different functions and communication protocols. The protocol reduces the amount of traffic and has real-time and high-perfor-mance advantages. The protocol was implemented in CMCS for telecommunication power supply and air-condi-tioner used by the Telecommunication Bureau of Zhejiang Province. This paper deals with the hierarchical architecture and function of CMCS and packet format, command ID, and SDL description of its protocol. We also discuss the properties of the interoperability and performance of the protocol in this paper.

Improved Smith prediction monitoring AGC system based on feedback-assisted iterative learning control

The performance of Smith prediction monitoring automatic gauge control(AGC) system is influenced by model mismatching greatly in strip rolling process. Aiming at this problem, a feedback-assisted iterative learning control strategy, which learned unknown modeling error by using previous control information repeatedly, was introduced into Smith prediction monitoring AGC system. Firstly, conventional Smith predictor and improved Smith predictor with PI-P controller were analyzed. Secondly, on the basis of establishing of feedback-assisted iterative learning control strategy for improved Smith predictor, process control signal update law and control error were deduced, then convergence condition of this strategy was put forward and proved. Finally, after modeling the automatic position control system, the PI-P Smith prediction monitoring AGC system with feedback-assisted iterative learning control was researched through simulation. Simulation results indicate that this system remains stable during model mismatching. The robustness and response of monitoring AGC is improved by development of feedback-assisted iterative learning control strategy for PI-P Smith predictor.

Monitoring and control technology of solar photovoltaic power generation system

In view of characteristics of solar photovoltaic (PV) power station such as the decentralized layout and massive monitoring and control information, a solar PV power generation monitoring and control system has been designed. The system is designed into three layers namely the sensor and actuator layer, the PLC field monitoring and control layer and the remote network monitoring and control layer. Through ZigBee wireless network, PROFIBUS and GPRS wireless network, the system makes the three layers exchange information rapidly, and the system supervises not only various operational parameters of the power generating system but also weather changes as a way to change the solar tracking strategy of the PV power generating system and reduce the operating energy consumption of the system. Through the hardware redundant design of PLC central controller and the upper computer, the solar PV power station can be more secure and reliable when running.

Tool Condition Monitoring Based on Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Functions and Multivariate Control Chart

Tool condition monitoring(TCM)is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing.The objective is to monitor the tool operation status and detect tool breakage so that the tool can be changed in time to avoid significant damage to workpieces and reduce manufacturing costs.Recently,an innovative TCM approach based on sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis has been proposed.Different from traditional signal feature-based monitoring,the data from sensors are utilized to build a dynamic process model.Then,the nonlinear output frequency response functions,a concept which extends the linear system frequency response function to the nonlinear case,over the frequency range of the tooth passing frequency of the machining process are extracted to reveal tool health conditions.In order to extend the novel sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis to unsupervised condition monitoring of cutting tools,in the present study,a multivariate control chart is proposed for TCM based on the frequency domain properties of machining processes derived from the innovative sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis.The feature dimension is reduced by principal component analysis first.Then the moving average strategy is exploited to generate monitoring variables and overcome the effects of noises.The milling experiments of titanium alloys are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in detecting excessive flank wear of solid carbide end mills.The results demonstrate the advantages of the new approach over conventional TCM techniques and its potential in industrial applications.

Integration Between Enterprise Process Monitoring and Controlling System and Enterprise Application

The relationships and the features of integration between Enterprise ProcessMonitoring and Controlling System (EPMCS) and Enterprise Process Related Applications (EPRA) wereanalyzed. An integration architecture centered on EPMCS was presented, in which there were fourlayers to connect from EPMCS to EPRA: EPMCS, application integration layer, transport layer andEPRA, and there were four layers used to etstablish integration: presentation layer, function layer,data layer and system layer. The frameworks to connect EPMCS and EPRA were designed, thatEnterprise-Independent Model (EIM), Enterprise-Specific Model (ESM) and meta-model to describe thesetwo models were defined. The method to integrate data based on XML was designed to exchange datafrom EPMCS to EPRA according to the mapping between EIM and ESM. The approches are suitable forintegrating EPMCS and systems in Product Data Management (PDM), project management and enterprisebusiness management.

Continuous glucose monitoring metrics in pregnancy with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Managing diabetes during pregnancy is challenging,given the significant risk it poses for both maternal and foetal health outcomes.While traditional methods involve capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose level monitoring and periodic HbA1c tests,the advent of continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)systems has revolutionized the approach.These devices offer a safe and reliable means of tracking glucose levels in real-time,benefiting both women with diabetes during pregnancy and the healthcare providers.Moreover,CGM systems have shown a low rate of side effects and high feasibility when used in pregnancies complicated by diabetes,especially when paired with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump as hybrid closed loop device.Such a combined approach has been demonstrated to improve overall blood sugar control,lessen the occurrence of preeclampsia and neonatal hypoglycaemia,and minimize the duration of neonatal intensive care unit stays.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive evaluation of CGM metrics specifically tailored for pregnancies impacted by type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Smart Street Lighting Control and Monitoring System for Electrical Power Saving by Using VANET

The huge amount of electrical power of many countries is consumed in lighting the streets. However, vehicles pass with very low rate in specific periods of time and parts of the streets are not occupied by vehicles over time. In this paper, we propose a system that automatically switches off the light for the parts of the streets having no vehicles and turns on the light for these parts once there are some vehicles that are going to come. Logically, this system may save a large amount of the electrical power. In addition, it may increase the lifetime of the lamps and reduce the pollutions. This system automatically controls and monitors the light of the streets. It can light only the parts that have vehicles and help on the maintenance of the lighting equipments. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) make it possible to propose such system. VANET enables the possibility to know the presence of vehicles, their locations, their directions and their speeds in real time. These quantities are what are needed to develop this system. An advantage of using VANET is that there is no need to use specific network and equipments to design the system, but VANET infrastructure will be used. This decreases the cost and speed up the deployment of such system. This paper focuses on the proposal of different possible architectures of this system. Results show that the saved energy may reach up to 65% and an increase of the lifetime of the lamps of 53%.

A HybridManufacturing ProcessMonitoringMethod Using Stacked Gated Recurrent Unit and Random Forest

This study proposed a new real-time manufacturing process monitoring method to monitor and detect process shifts in manufacturing operations.Since real-time production process monitoring is critical in today’s smart manufacturing.The more robust the monitoring model,the more reliable a process is to be under control.In the past,many researchers have developed real-time monitoring methods to detect process shifts early.However,thesemethods have limitations in detecting process shifts as quickly as possible and handling various data volumes and varieties.In this paper,a robust monitoring model combining Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)and Random Forest(RF)with Real-Time Contrast(RTC)called GRU-RF-RTC was proposed to detect process shifts rapidly.The effectiveness of the proposed GRU-RF-RTC model is first evaluated using multivariate normal and nonnormal distribution datasets.Then,to prove the applicability of the proposed model in a realmanufacturing setting,the model was evaluated using real-world normal and non-normal problems.The results demonstrate that the proposed GRU-RF-RTC outperforms other methods in detecting process shifts quickly with the lowest average out-of-control run length(ARL1)in all synthesis and real-world problems under normal and non-normal cases.The experiment results on real-world problems highlight the significance of the proposed GRU-RF-RTC model in modern manufacturing process monitoring applications.The result reveals that the proposed method improves the shift detection capability by 42.14%in normal and 43.64%in gamma distribution problems.

Dynamic Control System of Automatic Monitoring Equipment for Waste Gas Pollution Source

In order to improve the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources and apply the automatic monitoring data to verify the environmental tax,Shandong Province took the lead in adopting the Internet of Things technology and drawing on the successful experience of air automatic monitoring stations and surface water automatic monitoring stations in management,and developed a dynamic management and control system for automatic monitoring equipment of pollution sources to improve and strengthen the quality audit of automatic monitoring data,further improve the quality of automatic monitoring data and better provide a basis for environmental management and decision making.The system realizes the simultaneous monitoring of monitoring data,running state and parameters of the automatic monitoring equipment,eliminates the phenomenon of falsification by modifying equipment parameters,and judges the validity of the collected data by acquiring the working state of the equipment remotely and randomly.After the actual operation test of the Department of Ecological Environment of Shandong Province,the system is proved to have the characteristics of practicality,real time and high efficiency,and be able to make up for low frequency and narrow coverage of manual inspection,with good application prospect in the field of environment and pollution source monitoring.

Gas concentration monitoring system for small and medium-sized coal mines based on gas-sensing detection and single-chip control

这份报纸针对气体在小、中型的煤矿引起的灾难的实际条件。为煤矿监视系统的新煤气的集中根据煤气察觉到的察觉和单个薄片的控制被开发。因为它为易燃、爆炸的气体有好敏感特征，监视系统把锡氧化物用作 N 类型半导体气体传感器的主要材料(例如甲烷，碳一氧化物) 。QM-N5-semiconductor 煤气的传感器被采用在不同煤气的集中下面检测抵抗的产量价值。故意地，系统拿数字薄片抵抗作为处理硬件结构分析并且判定输入的电路的核心珍视的 AT89C51，然后为超出煤气的集中的限制完成控制和警报。监视系统的煤气的集中有许多优点包括在结构，快反应时间，稳定的表演和低费用简单。因此，监视煤气的集中并且在小、中型的煤矿提供早警告能广泛地被用来。

WAMS-based monitoring and control of Hopf bifurcations in multi-machine power systems

A method is proposed to monitor and control Hopf bifurcations in multi-machine power systems using the information from wide area measurement systems (WAMSs). The power method (PM) is adopted to compute the pair of conjugate eigenvalues with the algebraically largest real part and the corresponding eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix of a power system. The distance between the current equilibrium point and the Hopf bifurcation set can be monitored dynamically by computing the pair of con- jugate eigenvalues. When the current equilibrium point is close to the Hopf bifurcation set, the approximate normal vector to the Hopf bifurcation set is computed and used as a direction to regulate control parameters to avoid a Hopf bifurcation in the power system described by differential algebraic equations (DAEs). The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by regulating the reactive power loads in a 14-bus power system.

Underground ground control monitoring and interpretation,and numerical modeling, and shield capacity design

Mine or longwall panel layout is a 3D structure with highly non-uniform stress distribution. Recognition of such fact will facilitate underground problem identification/investigation and solving by numerical modeling through proper model construction. Due to its versatility, numerical modeling is the most popular method for ground control design and problem solving. However numerical modeling results require highly experienced professionals to interpret its validity/applicability to actual mining operations due to complicated mining and geological conditions. Underground ground control monitoring is routinely performed to predict roof behavior such as weighting and weighting interval without matching observation of face mining condition while the mining pressures are being monitored, resulting in unrealistic interpretation of the obtained data on mining pressure. The importance of ground control pressure monitoring and simultaneous observation of mining and geological conditions is illustrated by an example of shield leg pressure monitoring and interpretation in an U.S. longwall coal mine: it was found that the roof strata act like a plate, not an individual block of the size of a shield dimension, as commonly assumed by all researchers and shield capacity is not a fixed property for a longwall panel or a mine or a coal seam. A new mechanism on the interaction between shield's hydraulic leg pressure and roof strata for shield loading is proposed.

Design of Greenhouse Environment Control System Based on Internet of Things

There are some disadvantages, such as complicated wiring, high cost, poor monitoring flexibility, low accuracy and high energy consumption in traditional greenhouse environment monitoring system which based on previous wireless sensor networks （WSN）. Aiming at these problems, a greenhouse environmental parameter monitoring system had been designed based on internet of things technology in this paper. A set of control system with good robustness, strong adaptive ability and small overshoot was set up by combining the fuzzy proportion-integral-derivative （PID） control. The system was composed of a number of independent greenhouse monitoring systems. The server could provide remote monitoring access management services after the collected data were transmitted. The data transmission part of greenhouse was based on ZigBee networking protocol. And the data were sent to intelligent system via gateway connected to the internet. Compared to the classical PID control and fuzzy control, the fuzzy PID control could quickly and accurately adjust the corresponding parameters to the set target. The overshoot was also relatively small. The simulation results showed that the amount of overshoot was reduced 20% compared with classical PID control.

Nonparametric Control Scheme for Monitoring Phase Ⅱ Nonlinear Profiles with Varied Argument Values

Profile monitoring is used to check the stability of the quality of a product over time when the product quality is best represented by a function at each time point.However,most previous monitoring approaches have not considered that the argument values may vary from profile to profile,which is common in practice.A novel nonparametric control scheme based on profile error is proposed for monitoring nonlinear profiles with varied argument values.The proposed scheme uses the metrics of profile error as the statistics to construct the control charts.More details about the design of this nonparametric scheme are also discussed.The monitoring performance of the combined control scheme is compared with that of alternative nonparametric methods via simulation.Simulation studies show that the combined scheme is effective in detecting parameter error and is sensitive to small shifts in the process.In addition,due to the properties of the charting statistics,the out-of-control signal can provide diagnostic information for the users.Finally,the implementation steps of the proposed monitoring scheme are given and applied for monitoring the blade manufacturing process.With the application in blade manufacturing of aircraft engines,the proposed nonparametric control scheme is effective,interpretable,and easy to apply.

Early faults prediction of running state of electromechanical systems and reconfigurable integration of series safety monitoring systems

Fault prediction technology of running state of electromechanical systems is one of the key technologies that ensure safe and reliable operation of electromechanical equipment in health state. For multiple types of modern, high-end and key electromechanical equipment, this paper will describe the early faults prediction method for multi-type electromechanical systems, which is favorable for predicting early faults of complex electromechanical systems in non-stationary, nonlinear, variable working conditions and long-time running state; the paper shall introduce the reconfigurable integration technology of series safety monitoring systems based on which the integrated development platform of series safety monitoring systems is built. This platform can adapt to integrated R&D of series safety monitoring systems characterized by high technology, multiple species and low volume. With the help of this platform, series safety monitoring systems were developed, and the Remote Network Security Monitoring Center for Facility Groups was built. Experimental research and engineering applications show that: this new fault prediction method has realized the development trend features extraction of typical electromechanical systems, multi-information fusion, intelligent information decision-making and so on, improving the processing accuracy, relevance and applicability of information; new reconfigurable integration technologies have improved the integration level and R&D efficiency of series safety monitoring systems as well as expanded the scope of application; the series safety monitoring systems developed based on reconfigurable integration platform has already played an important role in many aspects including ensuring safety operation of equipment, stabilizing product quality, optimizing running state, saving energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, improving working conditions, carrying out scientific maintenance, advancing equipment utilization, saving maintenance charge and enhancing the level of information management.