Burstiness-Aware Congestion Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

In monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),the traffic usually has bursty characteristics when an event occurs.Transient congestion would increase delay and packet loss rate severely,which greatly reduces network performance.To solve this problem,we propose a Burstiness-aware Congestion Control Protocol(BCCP) for wireless sensor networks.In BCCP,the backoff delay is adopted as a congestion indication.Normally,sensor nodes work on contention-based MAC protocol(such as CSMA/CA).However,when congestion occurs,localized TDMA instead of CSMA/CA is embedded into the nodes around the congestion area.Thus,the congestion nodes only deliver their data during their assigned slots to alleviate the contention-caused congestion.Finally,we implement BCCP in our sensor network testbed.The experiment results show that BCCP could detect area congestion in time,and improve the network performance significantly in terms of delay and packet loss rate.

Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring Maturity Stage of Fruit

In this letter, we present a wireless sensor network for monitoring the maturity stage of fruit. A dual-polari- zation coupled patch sensor, which is robust to environmental changes, was designed to operate at 2.45 GHz. It was attached to a Durian fruit for a period of days to measure the magnitude of mutual coupling corresponding mainly to the starch concentration of its pulp. Signal was transmitted from a sensor node, via tree nodes, to a master node that displays the variations occurring in the period. The maximum mutual coupling occurred at the maturity stage of 60% whereas the minimum occurred at 70%. These results demonstrate that this wireless sensor network can enable fruit growers to harvest their Durians at an appropriate time, providing a reliable quality control for export.

An IEEE 802.15.4 Based Adaptive Communication Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network: Application to Monitoring the Elderly at Home

Monitoring behaviour of the elderly and the disabled living alone has become a major public health problem in our modern societies. Among the various scientific aspects involved in the home monitoring field, we are interested in the study and the proposal of a solution allowing distributed sensor nodes to communicate with each other in an optimal way adapted to the specific application constraints. More precisely, we want to build a wireless network that consists of several short range sensor nodes exchanging data between them according to a communication protocol at MAC (Medium Access Control) level. This protocol must be able to optimize energy consumption, transmission time and loss of information. To achieve this objective, we have analyzed the advantages and the limitations of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technologies and communication protocols currently used in relation to the requirements of our application. Then we proposed a deterministic, adaptive and energy saving medium access method based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and a mesh topology. It ensures the message delivery time with strongly limited collision risk due to the spatial reuse of medium in the two-hop neighbourhood. This proposal was characterized by modelling and simulation using OPNET network simulator. Finally we implemented the proposed mechanisms on hardware devices and deployed a sensors network in real situation to verify the accuracy of the model and evaluate the proposal according to different test configurations.

Key Environmental Factors Monitoring System of Low-power Greenhouse Based on WSN Technology

A low-power environmental monitoring system based on WSN technology is proposed to effectively monitor the environmental status and ensure the healthy growth of greenhouse crops in the greenhouse. The system performs dynamic mon- itoring on the environmental data of temperature, humidity, illumination, soil tempera- ture and humidity of the greenhouse, and it reduces the energy consumption by us- ing solar energy and lithium battery as the power supply mode and dynamic power management algorithm combined with improved routing protocol. Stable and reliable, the system could effectively monitor the key environmental factors in the green- house, making it of certain promotion value.

A Design of Modern Greenhouse Environmental Monitoring System

Based on the problems in the current greenhouse environmental monitoring system such as difficult connection layout,low flexibility and high costs,this paper builds the greenhouse environmental monitoring system based on wireless sensor network,and designs the sensor nodes and gateway nodes. The sensor nodes of this system are responsible for collecting environmental parameters and sending the data to gateway nodes via wireless sensor network. And the gateway nodes transmit the data to the remote monitoring platform. The microprocessor module of node hardware uses MSP430F149 microprocessor for data processing and control; wireless communication module consists of nRF905 RF chip and peripheral circuit,responsible for transmitting and receiving data; sensor module uses AM2301 sensor for data measurement; the power supply module uses the circuit consisting of LT1129-3. 3,LT1129-5 and Max660 to provide 3. 3 and ± 5V power. The C language development is employed for wireless routing protocol of node and time synchronization algorithm,to achieve node data acquisition and processing,rule forwarding and remote transmission. Remote monitoring software uses NET. ASP,HTML and C# development to provide visual WEB mode remote data management platform for users. The system goes through networking testing in greenhouse in Xining City,and test results show that the system operation is stable and reliable,and the average network packet loss rate is 2. 4%,effectively solving the problems in greenhouse environmental monitoring system and meeting the application requirements of greenhouse cultivation environmental monitoring.

Research on Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture

This paper uses the hardware with ZigBee standard and communication protocol, it consists of wireless sensor network in the greenhouse that can timely sample temperature, humidity, collection of environmental parameters. At the same time, this design uses the GPRS module, the data will be collected through the Internet and send to the PC server, and can receive control instructions from the host computer, through the adjustment of agricultural facilities valve to reverse control environment parameters.

Application of wireless sensor networks to aircraft control and health management systems

Use of fly-by-wire technology for aircraft flight controls have resulted in an improved performance and reliability along with achieving reduction in control system weight. Implementation of full authority digital engine control has also resulted in more intelligent, reliable, light-weight aircraft engine control systems. Greater reduction in weight can be achieved by replacing the wire harness with a wireless communication network. The first step towards fly-by-wireless control systems is likely to be the introduction of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). WSNs are already finding a variety of applications for both safety-critical and nonsafety critical distributed systems. Some of the many potential benefits of using WSN for aircraft systems include weight reduction, ease of maintenance and an increased monitoring capability. This paper discusses the application of WSN for several aircraft systems such as distributed aircraft engine control, aircraft flight control, aircraft engine and structural health monitoring systems. A brief description of each system is presented along with a discussion on the technological challenges. Future research directions for application of WSN in aircraft systems are also discussed.

Adaptive Deep Learning Model to Enhance Smart Greenhouse Agriculture

The trend towards smart greenhouses stems from various factors,including a lack of agricultural land area owing to population concentration and housing construction on agricultural land,as well as water shortages.This study proposes building a full farming adaptation model that depends on current sensor readings and available datasets from different agricultural research centers.The proposed model uses a one-dimensional convolutional neural network(CNN)deep learning model to control the growth of strategic crops,including cucumber,pepper,tomato,and bean.The proposed model uses the Internet of Things(IoT)to collect data on agricultural operations and then uses this data to control and monitor these operations in real time.This helps to ensure that crops are getting the right amount of fertilizer,water,light,and temperature,which can lead to improved yields and a reduced risk of crop failure.Our dataset is based on data collected from expert farmers,the photovoltaic construction process,agricultural engineers,and research centers.The experimental results showed that the precision,recall,F1-measures,and accuracy of the one-dimensional CNN for the tested dataset were approximately 97.3%,98.2%,97.25%,and 97.56%,respectively.The new smart greenhouse automation system was also evaluated on four crops with a high turnover rate.The system has been found to be highly effective in terms of crop productivity,temperature management and water conservation.

基于改进遗传算法的电厂粉尘监测节点覆盖控制研究

为有效降低粉尘环境监测中存在盲区和管控缺失的风险,优化火电厂粉尘环境监测系统的节点覆盖控制,延长无线传感器网络(WSN)寿命,提出一种基于改进遗传算法的节能优化方法。首先构建基于节点覆盖率、节点布设总能耗和节点通信传输总能耗的网络覆盖质量目标函数;然后针对传统遗传算法存在局部最优和编码重复的问题,提出整数编码的染色体组合方案、自适应调节交叉和变异概率的方法,以及精英保留策略;最后通过仿真对比分析,确定优化后的节点数量和分布方案。结果表明:改进的遗传算法显著提高了收敛速度,所需迭代次数减少至20次,适应度值优化52.18%;在节点部署和覆盖研究中,优化后的节点数量为42个,覆盖率达97.28%,节点休眠率为76.19%,有效提升了火电厂粉尘环境监测系统的节能效果。

Greenhouse microclimate environment adaptive control based on a wireless sensor network

Environmental parameter measurements from various sensors spatially distributed in greenhouse crops can be used to create an accurate and detailed depiction of the climate in different regions of the greenhouse.Microclimate environments have an impact on crop yield,productivity,quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plants,and various plant diseases.In this study,an automatic monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network was designed to monitor the survival rate of greenhouse crops.The system design includes a sensor model selection and placement process,host computer monitoring software and communication module design.The Zigbee protocol was used for wireless communication between the nodes.The proposed fuzzy-PID controller was easy to design and highly adaptive to the measurement errors of the sensors.The test results show that the system valuable for monitoring the environment in the greenhouse,where it was successful in controlling and maintaining an optimal microclimate condition.

基于无线传感器网络的远程监测与控制系统设计与实现

阐述无线传感器网络技术的要点,探讨能耗管理与优化,包括节点能耗分析和休眠唤醒策略。介绍远程监测与控制系统的架构设计、数据处理、实时传输与显示、报警处理和远程控制界面设计。

基于LoRa无线传感网络的农业温室大棚环境测控系统设计

温室大棚是种植反季农作物的重要设施,棚内环境参数直接决定了农作物的生产质量和数量;然而,现有的测控系统由于受天气条件等因素的影响,导致环境温湿度测试存在一定的误差;为了满足农作物的生长需求,并提高精确度,提出了基于LoRa无线传感网络的农业温室大棚环境测控系统的优化设计;通过改装传感器设备和调整数据处理器和控制器的内部结构,构建了系统数据库并组建了LoRa无线传感网络,实现了实时采集大棚环境数据和传输到系统终端;通过计算调整控制量,实现了对农业温室大棚环境的测控功能;实验结果显示,与传统测控系统相比,优化设计的系统在环境温湿度测试方面的误差显著降低了,分别降低了3.65℃和3.75%。

基于PLC技术的温室控制系统设计及试验

温室是设施农业的重要组成部分,温室控制系统的设计对于保障作物生长环境、提高生产效率具有重要意义,同时可以缓解农产品季节性供应不足的问题,对于保障全年稳定的农产品供应至关重要。为了进一步提高温室种植管理效率,根据温室大棚生产要求进行控制系统设计,构建相应的传感器网络,实现对温度、湿度、光照等关键参数的实时监测。利用PLC编程实现自动控制算法,根据实时监测数据对温室内的通风、加热、灌溉等设备进行精确控制。系统运行结果表明,该系统可以实时监测温室大棚环境因子信息,并能够进行提前预警。研究结果证明,基于PLC技术的温室控制系统能够有效提升温室内作物的生长环境,为设施农业发展提供了可靠的技术支持和解决方案。

基于无线传感网络的机房环境监控系统

当前,机房环境监控系统的数据库多设定为目标式,这种模式会导致监控效率较低、误报率增加。为了缓解这一情况,文章提出基于无线传感网络的机房环境监控系统。根据当前的测试需求及标准的变化,设定无线监控传感节点装置,搭建网关,完成系统硬件的设计;在系统硬件的基础上构建无线传感网络下ZigBee协议栈,采用多层级的方式,设计多层级数据库,提升整体的监控效率,完成对系统软件的设计。系统测试结果表明:针对选定的4个测试周期,所设计系统经过3个测试阶段,最终得出的监控系统误报率被较好地控制在1.5%以下,说明在无线传感网络的辅助下,所构建的机房环境监控系统稳定、高效,针对性强,具有实际的应用价值。

基于LoRa+AI技术的智慧蔬菜无线监测系统应用研究

为实现无线远程监测大棚蔬菜的生长环境状况,提出基于LoRa通信和人工智能的智慧蔬菜无线监测系统策略,该系统采用传感器、LoRa无线网络、嵌入式控制、5G通信和人工智能图像识别等技术实现。通过部署传感器节点与网关节点,组建无线网络进行通信,网关节点和视频模块通过5G模组分别将监测的生长环境信息和视频捕捉的图片信息无线传输到云平台。该系统不仅可实现对环境参数的无线可靠传输和远程监控管理,也可对蔬菜叶子进行病害类型的有效识别,有助于蔬菜资源调配及灾害防治方案的调整。

基于多传感器的温室环境监测系统研究

对农作物温室环境数据进行远程监控,是促进温室作物产业化、智能化和自动化的必然趋势。文章首先构建温室环境监测系统的基础框架,以光敏传感器、温湿度传感器等多传感器网络为基础,在底层通过ZigBee无线传感网收集和传输环境数据,并将数据返回给节点;其次,节点将数据发送至上位机;最后,由上位机图形界面实时可视化显示监测数据。重点探讨温室环境监测系统软硬件的总体设计并提出了具体的技术思想与方法。

基于无线传感器网络的温室环境信息监测系统

为了解决当前温室监测系统存在的布线复杂、节点功耗大、部署不灵活、管理不便等问题,设计了一种基于无线传感器网络的温室环境信息监测系统。以CC2430为核心开发无线传感器节点,完成温室环境因子实时监测;采用ZigBee技术实现无线传感器网络自组网和监测数据自动汇聚;基于ARM9微处理器S3C2410A和WinCE5.0构建网关节点,采用嵌入式数据库管理模式实现了传感器节点管理、环境数据管理和预警等功能。初步试验表明系统具有功耗低、组网灵活、可扩展性强、人机界面友好等优点,能较好地满足温室环境监测的应用需求。

基于ZigBee网络的温室环境远程监控系统设计与应用

针对温室环境数据信息监控特点,本文进行了基于ZigBee协议的传感器节点技术的开发,并在此基础上组成现场监控无线传感器网络,通过网络汇聚节点与无线移动网络(GPRS/CDMA)和INTERNET的无缝连接,实现数据远程传输至指定数据库服务器。无线传感器网络组建采用星型拓扑结构,通过软件设置在需求时唤醒ZigBee网络节点,使监控设备具有组网灵活、拆移便捷等优点。通过在实际生产过程中应用表明,该系统工作性能稳定,在数据采集和传输等方面均达到了设计要求,尤其是有效简化了现场设备安装与拆移等过程,使之更适合各类农业现场数据监控的需要。

基于ZigBee的温室环境监测图像传感器节点设计

设计了一种能够监测温室环境的无线智能图像传感器节点,采用CC2430与LPC1766芯片相结合作为硬件处理平台,通过串口摄像头获取图像帧,利用ZigBee帧协议设计图像包格式,对图像数据进行分包组网传输。实验表明该节点最大通信距离可达160 m,节点丢包率较低,一帧JPEG格式的温室图像大小约为10 kB,通过ZigBee传输一帧图像大约为135 s。该节点可以实现温室环境图像信息的采集和传输,且结构紧凑、工作稳定、功耗低,可以满足温室环境监测的要求。

基于ZigBee技术的温室无线智能控制终端开发

针对温室农业控制的需要,开发了温室无线智能控制终端。该系统基于ZigBee无线网络,以Jennic公司生产的ZigBee无线微型控制器JN5139-M01模块为核心,整个无线传感器网络由无线生理生态监测节点、ZigBee温室无线智能控制终端和智能语音模块组成。无线传感器节点分布于温室的各个测量点执行各数据的采集、预处理和无线发送等工作,温室无线智能控制终端负责处理所有无线传感器节点采集的数据信息。智能语音模块能够根据采集到的信息及时提供生产指导建议。温室无线智能控制终端实现了对温室环境因子(土壤温度、叶片温度,光照、茎秆生长、土壤水分等)的数据采集和有效控制。通过试验验证,该系统运行稳定,并且操作简单,使用方便。