Ecological environment response of benthic foraminifera to heavy metals and human engineering: A case study from Jiaozhou Bay, China

The estuary and coastal zone are the key areas for socio-economic development,and they are also the important channels for pollutants transported to the sea.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge changed the hydrodynamic condition of the bay,which made the self-purification capacity of the bay weakened and the pollution in the estuary and adjacent coastal zone become more serious.In this study,55 surface sediment samples were collected from the three seriously polluted estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone of Jiaozhou Bay to comprehensively study how the benthic foraminifera response to heavy metal pollution and human engineering,and to assess the ecological risks of the bay.A total of 80 species,belonging to 42 genera,were identified in this study.The results showed that Cu,Pb,Cr,Hg,Zn,and As had low to median ecological risks in the study area which would definitely affect the ecological system.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge has resulted in pollutants accumulated at the river mouth of Loushan River,which has adverse effects on the survival and growth of benthic foraminifera.The lowest population density and diversity as well as the highest FAI(Foraminiferal Abnormality Index)and FMI(Foraminiferal Monitoring Index)occurred at Loushan River Estuary which indicated that the ecological environment of the northeastern part of Jiaozhou Bay(Loushan River Estuary)had been seriously damaged.Licun River and Haipo River estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone were slightly polluted and had low ecological risk.As a consequence,it suggested that the supervision of industrial and domestic waste discharge and the protection of the ecological environment in northeast Jiaozhou Bay should be paid more attention.

Textile Index Monitor

Part I–Price Index National Index for China Textile City (located in Keqiao, Shaoxing county in Zhejiang Province, east of China) concludes its price index (periodic code:20101101) at 100.31 points rise of 0.68% as against its previous week.

Textile Index Monitor

Textile Index Monitor is a new column that delivers a textile-specific price index profile in weeks that are bygone when this monthly magazine comes to your hand. China Textile City is the name of the world-largest yarn&fabric marketplace in the famous town of Keqiao in Zhejiang,China.Several years ago,Ministry of Commerce(MOC)set up a national price index centre for textiles-specific category,China Textile City takes the leading role in publishing its analytical report of textile price index on weekly,monthly,quarterly and yearly basis,making it possible for Keqiao or its textile city to be the weathercock for textiles market trend in China and in the world as well.From this issue,a new column is given to cover the gist&feeds of the latest developments&gradients in this market barometer.

Textile Index Monitor

National Index for China Textile City (located in Keqiao, Shaoxing county in Zhejiang Province, east of China) concludes its price index (periodic code:

Bispectral index monitoring prevent awareness during total intravenous anesthesia： a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, multi-center controlled trial

Background Awareness is a serious complication of general anesthesia. In China, the incidence of intraoperative awareness was 1% in patients undergoing total intravenous anesthesia （TIVA）. In this study, we compared the incidence of awareness between Bispectral index （BIS）-guided and routine TIVA protocol and evaluated the effect of BIS on preventing awareness. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, multicenter controlled trial was performed. Patients （〉18 years of age） undergoing TIVA were randomly divided into BIS-guided group （Group A, BIS was monitored and recommended to maintain between 40-60） and control group （Group B, BIS was monitored but the screen was covered）. The intraoperative BIS values were downloaded and the BIS trends of confirmed awareness cases were analyzed to determine whether light anesthesia existed. Results Of the total 5228 patients, 2919 patients were assigned to Group A and 2309 to Group B. Four cases of confirmed awareness （0.14%） were reported in the BIS-guided group and 15 （0.65%） in the control group （P=-0.002, OR=0.21, 95% confidence intervals： 0.07-0.63）. The incidence of possible awareness （0.14% vs. 0.26%, P=0.485） and dreaming （3.1% vs. 3.1%, P=0.986） was comparable between BIS-guided group and the control group. Among the 19 confirmed awareness cases, intraoperative BIS trends of six cases were downloaded and identified. Five of them showed signs of light anesthesia as BIS 〉60 and lasted 19-106 minutes, whereas one case had a stable BIS trend and the values were within 60 during the operation. Another five awareness cases were reviewed for anesthesia procedures, of which improper light anesthesia were confirmed. Conclusions BIS-guided TIVA （BIS was recommended to maintain between 40-60） decreased the risk of awareness compared with routine TIVA. The main reason for awareness was light anesthesia.