Curcumin has been reported to possess multifunctional bioactivities with low toxicity. However, the clinical application of curcumin has been significantly limited by its instability and poor metabolic property. Up to...Curcumin has been reported to possess multifunctional bioactivities with low toxicity. However, the clinical application of curcumin has been significantly limited by its instability and poor metabolic property. Up to now, multiple approaches are being sought to overcome these limitations to obtaining “super curcumin”, and many analogues of curcumin have been designed and synthesized. In all of those analogues, a series of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues deleting the β-diketone draw our attention. Since the seven-carbon β-diketone linker in curcumin may be responsible for its instability, the series of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues deleting the β-diketone may be potential prodrug with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. This review just focuses on these more stable mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin, and shows the new class of active structure by introducing the synthesis and anticancer activity of them.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of hexahydrocurcumin(HHC),and its combination with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on dimethylhydrazine(DMH)-induced colon cancer in rats.METHODS:Male Wistar rats weighing 100-120 g were used as su...AIM:To investigate the effects of hexahydrocurcumin(HHC),and its combination with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on dimethylhydrazine(DMH)-induced colon cancer in rats.METHODS:Male Wistar rats weighing 100-120 g were used as subject models.Aberrant crypt foci(ACF),early preneoplastic lesions of colon cancer,were induced by subcutaneous injection of DHM(40 mg/kg) twice a week for two weeks.After the first DMH injection,rats were treated daily with vehicle(n = 12),curcumin(CUR)(50 mg/kg)(n = 12),HHC(50 mg/kg) orally(n = 12),and treated weekly with an intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU(50 mg/kg)(n = 12),or a combination of 5-FU plus CUR(n = 12) and HHC(n = 12) at the same dosage(s) for 16 wk.The total number of ACF and large ACF were assessed.Cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 and COX-2 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry in colon tissues.The quantitative data of both COX-1 and COX-2 expression were presented as the percentage of number of positive-stained cells to the total number of cells counted.Apoptotic cells in colon tissues were also visualized using the dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method.Apoptotic index(AI) was determined as the percentage of labeled nuclei with respect to the total number of nuclei counted.RESULTS:The total number of ACF was highest in the DMH-vehicle group(1558.20 ± 17.37),however,the number of ACF was significantly reduced by all treatments,5-FU(1231.20 ± 25.62 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37,P < 0.001),CUR(1284.20 ± 25.47 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37,P < 0.001),HHC(1086.80 ± 53.47 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37,P < 0.001),DMH-5-FU + CUR(880.20 ± 13.67 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37,P < 0.001) and DMH-5-FU + HHC(665.80 ± 16.64 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37,P < 0.001).Interestingly,the total number of ACF in the combined treatment groups,the DMH-5-FU + CUR group(880.20 ± 13.67 vs 1231.20 ± 25.62,P < 0.001;880.20 ± 13.67 vs 1284.20 ± 25.47,P < 0.001) and the DMH-5-FU + HHC group(665.80 ± 16.64 vs 1231.20 ± 25.62,P < 0.001;665.80 ± 16.64 vs 1086.80 ± 53.47,P < 0.001) were significantly reduced as compared to 5-FU or each treatment alone.Large ACF were also significantly reduced in all treatment groups,5-FU(111.00 ± 7.88 vs 262.20 ± 10.18,P < 0.001),CUR(178.00 ± 7.33 vs 262.20 ± 10.18,P < 0.001),HHC(186.60 ± 21.51 vs 262.20 ± 10.18,P < 0.001),DMH-5-FU + CUR(122.00 ± 5.94 vs 262.20 ± 10.18,P < 0.001) and DMH-5-FU + HHC(119.00 ± 17.92 vs 262.20 ± 10.18,P < 0.001) when compared to the vehicle group.Furthermore,in the DMH-5-FU + CUR and DMH-5-FU + HHC groups the formation of large ACF was significantly reduced when compared to CUR(122.00 ± 5.94 vs 178.00 ± 7.33,P < 0.005) or HHC treatment alone(119.00 ± 17.92 vs 186.60 ± 21.51,P < 0.001),however,this reduction was not statistically different to 5-FU monotherapy(122.00 ± 5.94 vs 111.00 ± 7.88,P = 0.217;119.00 ± 17.92 vs 111.00 ± 7.88,P = 0.619,respectively).The levels of COX-1 protein after all treatments were not different from normal rats.A marked increase in the expression of COX-2 protein was observed in the DMH-vehicle group.Over-expression of COX-2 was not significantly decreased by 5-FU treatment alone(95.79 ± 1.60 vs 100 ± 0.00,P = 0.198).However,over-expression of COX-2 was significantly suppressed by CUR(77.52 ± 1.68 vs 100 ± 0.00,P < 0.001),HHC(71.33 ± 3.01 vs 100 ± 0.00,P < 0.001),5-FU + CUR(76.25 ± 3.32 vs 100 ± 0.00,P < 0.001) and 5-FU + HHC(68.48 ± 2.24 vs 100 ± 0.00,P < 0.001) in the treated groups compared to the vehicle group.Moreover,CUR(77.52 ± 1.68 vs 95.79 ± 1.60,P < 0.001),HHC(71.33 ± 3.01 vs 95.79 ± 1.60,P < 0.001),5-FU + CUR treatments(76.25 ± 3.32 vs 95.79 ± 1.60,P < 0.001) and 5-FU + HHC(68.48 ± 2.24 vs 95.79 ± 1.60,P < 0.001) markedly decreased COX-2 protein expression more than 5-FU alone.Furthermore,the AI in all treated groups,5-FU(38.86 ± 4.73 vs 23.56 ± 2.12,P = 0.038),CUR(41.78 ± 6.92 vs 23.56 ± 2.12,P < 0.001),HHC(41.06 ± 4.81 vs 23.56 ± 2.12,P < 0.001),5-FU + CUR(49.05 ± 6.75 vs 23.56 ± 2.12,P < 0.001) and 5-FU + HHC(53.69 ± 8.59 vs 23.56 ± 2.12,P < 0.001) significantly increased when compared to the DMH-vehicle group.However,the AI in the combination treatments,5-FU + CUR(49.05 ± 6.75 vs 41.78 ± 6.92,P = 0.192;49.05 ± 6.75 vs 38.86 ± 4.73,P = 0.771) and 5-FU + HHC(53.69 ± 8.59 vs 41.06 ± 4.81,P = 0.379;53.69 ± 8.59 vs 38.86 ± 4.73,P = 0.245) did not reach significant levels as compared with each treatment alone and 5-FU monotherapy,respectively.CONCLUSION:The combined effects of HHC with 5-FU exhibit a synergistic inhibition by decreasing ACF formation mediated by down-regulation of COX-2 expression.展开更多
Curcumin is the main component of Curcuma longa,a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,with excellent antioxidant.Curcumin is easily decomposed under light and heat.In this study,to find stable antioxidants,6 curcumin a...Curcumin is the main component of Curcuma longa,a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,with excellent antioxidant.Curcumin is easily decomposed under light and heat.In this study,to find stable antioxidants,6 curcumin analogs(A1-6) were synthesized by coupling the appropriate aromatic aldehyde and cyclohexanon with HCl catalysis,and the free radical（DPPH） scavenging abilities of synthetic curcumin analogs were evaluated.The results showed that the free radical（DPPH） scavenging abilities of curcumin analogs（A2,A3 and A6） were promoted when hydroxyl or methoxyl groups were introduced in the ortho place of phenols,the compound with ortho dihydroxy groups showed the stronges free radical（DPPH） scavenging abilities among curcumin analogs with IC50 of 1.5 μM.展开更多
BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for patients with a delayed diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)in order to improve their chances of survival.Recent studies have shown potent...BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for patients with a delayed diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)in order to improve their chances of survival.Recent studies have shown potent anti-neoplastic effects of curcumin and its analogues.In addition,the role of histone methyltransferases on cancer therapeutics has also been elucidated.However,the relationship between these two factors in the treatment of pancreatic cancer remains unknown.Our working hypothesis was that L48H37,a novel curcumin analog,has better efficacy in pancreatic cancer cell growth inhibition in the absence of histonelysine N-methyltransferase 2D(KMT2D).AIM To determine the anti-cancer effects of L48H37 in PDAC,and the role of KMT2D on its therapeutic efficacy.METHODS The viability and proliferation of primary(PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2)and metastatic(SW1990 and ASPC-1)PDAC cell lines treated with L48H37 was determined by CCK8 and colony formation assay.Apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,and cell cycle profile were determined by staining the cells with Annexin-V/7-AAD,JC-1,DCFH-DA,and PI respectively,as well as flow cytometric acquisition.In vitro migration was assessed by the wound healing assay.The protein and mRNA levels of relevant factors were analyzed using Western blotting,immunofluorescence and real time-quantitative PCR.The in situ expression of KMT2D in both human PDAC and paired adjacent normal tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry.In vivo tumor xenografts were established by injecting nude mice with PDAC cells.Bioinformatics analyses were also conducted using gene expression databases and TCGA.RESULTS L48H37 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in SW1990 and ASPC-1 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner,while also reducing MMP,increasing ROS levels,arresting cell cycle at the G2/M stages and activating the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress-associated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)/CHOP signaling pathway.Knocking down ATF4 significantly upregulated KMT2D in PDAC cells,and also decreased L48H37-induced apoptosis.Furthermore,silencing KMT2D in L48H37-treated cells significantly augmented apoptosis and the ER stress pathway,indicating that KMT2D depletion is essential for the anti-neoplastic effects of L48H37.Administering L48H37 to mice bearing tumors derived from control or KMT2Dknockdown PDAC cells significantly decreased the tumor burden.We also identified several differentially expressed genes in PDAC cell lines expressing very low levels of KMT2D that were functionally categorized into the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.The KMT2D high-and low-expressing PDAC patients from the TCGA database showed similar survival rates,but higher KMT2D expression was associated with poor tumor grade in clinical and pathological analyses.CONCLUSION L48H37 exerts a potent anti-cancer effect in PDAC,which is augmented by KMT2D deficiency.展开更多
文摘Curcumin has been reported to possess multifunctional bioactivities with low toxicity. However, the clinical application of curcumin has been significantly limited by its instability and poor metabolic property. Up to now, multiple approaches are being sought to overcome these limitations to obtaining “super curcumin”, and many analogues of curcumin have been designed and synthesized. In all of those analogues, a series of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues deleting the β-diketone draw our attention. Since the seven-carbon β-diketone linker in curcumin may be responsible for its instability, the series of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues deleting the β-diketone may be potential prodrug with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. This review just focuses on these more stable mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin, and shows the new class of active structure by introducing the synthesis and anticancer activity of them.
基金Supported by National Research Council of ThailandPartial Support from the Strategic Basic Research Grant of the Thailand Research Fund,No.MRG5180092
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of hexahydrocurcumin(HHC),and its combination with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on dimethylhydrazine(DMH)-induced colon cancer in rats.METHODS:Male Wistar rats weighing 100-120 g were used as subject models.Aberrant crypt foci(ACF),early preneoplastic lesions of colon cancer,were induced by subcutaneous injection of DHM(40 mg/kg) twice a week for two weeks.After the first DMH injection,rats were treated daily with vehicle(n = 12),curcumin(CUR)(50 mg/kg)(n = 12),HHC(50 mg/kg) orally(n = 12),and treated weekly with an intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU(50 mg/kg)(n = 12),or a combination of 5-FU plus CUR(n = 12) and HHC(n = 12) at the same dosage(s) for 16 wk.The total number of ACF and large ACF were assessed.Cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 and COX-2 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry in colon tissues.The quantitative data of both COX-1 and COX-2 expression were presented as the percentage of number of positive-stained cells to the total number of cells counted.Apoptotic cells in colon tissues were also visualized using the dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method.Apoptotic index(AI) was determined as the percentage of labeled nuclei with respect to the total number of nuclei counted.RESULTS:The total number of ACF was highest in the DMH-vehicle group(1558.20 ± 17.37),however,the number of ACF was significantly reduced by all treatments,5-FU(1231.20 ± 25.62 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37,P < 0.001),CUR(1284.20 ± 25.47 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37,P < 0.001),HHC(1086.80 ± 53.47 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37,P < 0.001),DMH-5-FU + CUR(880.20 ± 13.67 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37,P < 0.001) and DMH-5-FU + HHC(665.80 ± 16.64 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37,P < 0.001).Interestingly,the total number of ACF in the combined treatment groups,the DMH-5-FU + CUR group(880.20 ± 13.67 vs 1231.20 ± 25.62,P < 0.001;880.20 ± 13.67 vs 1284.20 ± 25.47,P < 0.001) and the DMH-5-FU + HHC group(665.80 ± 16.64 vs 1231.20 ± 25.62,P < 0.001;665.80 ± 16.64 vs 1086.80 ± 53.47,P < 0.001) were significantly reduced as compared to 5-FU or each treatment alone.Large ACF were also significantly reduced in all treatment groups,5-FU(111.00 ± 7.88 vs 262.20 ± 10.18,P < 0.001),CUR(178.00 ± 7.33 vs 262.20 ± 10.18,P < 0.001),HHC(186.60 ± 21.51 vs 262.20 ± 10.18,P < 0.001),DMH-5-FU + CUR(122.00 ± 5.94 vs 262.20 ± 10.18,P < 0.001) and DMH-5-FU + HHC(119.00 ± 17.92 vs 262.20 ± 10.18,P < 0.001) when compared to the vehicle group.Furthermore,in the DMH-5-FU + CUR and DMH-5-FU + HHC groups the formation of large ACF was significantly reduced when compared to CUR(122.00 ± 5.94 vs 178.00 ± 7.33,P < 0.005) or HHC treatment alone(119.00 ± 17.92 vs 186.60 ± 21.51,P < 0.001),however,this reduction was not statistically different to 5-FU monotherapy(122.00 ± 5.94 vs 111.00 ± 7.88,P = 0.217;119.00 ± 17.92 vs 111.00 ± 7.88,P = 0.619,respectively).The levels of COX-1 protein after all treatments were not different from normal rats.A marked increase in the expression of COX-2 protein was observed in the DMH-vehicle group.Over-expression of COX-2 was not significantly decreased by 5-FU treatment alone(95.79 ± 1.60 vs 100 ± 0.00,P = 0.198).However,over-expression of COX-2 was significantly suppressed by CUR(77.52 ± 1.68 vs 100 ± 0.00,P < 0.001),HHC(71.33 ± 3.01 vs 100 ± 0.00,P < 0.001),5-FU + CUR(76.25 ± 3.32 vs 100 ± 0.00,P < 0.001) and 5-FU + HHC(68.48 ± 2.24 vs 100 ± 0.00,P < 0.001) in the treated groups compared to the vehicle group.Moreover,CUR(77.52 ± 1.68 vs 95.79 ± 1.60,P < 0.001),HHC(71.33 ± 3.01 vs 95.79 ± 1.60,P < 0.001),5-FU + CUR treatments(76.25 ± 3.32 vs 95.79 ± 1.60,P < 0.001) and 5-FU + HHC(68.48 ± 2.24 vs 95.79 ± 1.60,P < 0.001) markedly decreased COX-2 protein expression more than 5-FU alone.Furthermore,the AI in all treated groups,5-FU(38.86 ± 4.73 vs 23.56 ± 2.12,P = 0.038),CUR(41.78 ± 6.92 vs 23.56 ± 2.12,P < 0.001),HHC(41.06 ± 4.81 vs 23.56 ± 2.12,P < 0.001),5-FU + CUR(49.05 ± 6.75 vs 23.56 ± 2.12,P < 0.001) and 5-FU + HHC(53.69 ± 8.59 vs 23.56 ± 2.12,P < 0.001) significantly increased when compared to the DMH-vehicle group.However,the AI in the combination treatments,5-FU + CUR(49.05 ± 6.75 vs 41.78 ± 6.92,P = 0.192;49.05 ± 6.75 vs 38.86 ± 4.73,P = 0.771) and 5-FU + HHC(53.69 ± 8.59 vs 41.06 ± 4.81,P = 0.379;53.69 ± 8.59 vs 38.86 ± 4.73,P = 0.245) did not reach significant levels as compared with each treatment alone and 5-FU monotherapy,respectively.CONCLUSION:The combined effects of HHC with 5-FU exhibit a synergistic inhibition by decreasing ACF formation mediated by down-regulation of COX-2 expression.
文摘Curcumin is the main component of Curcuma longa,a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,with excellent antioxidant.Curcumin is easily decomposed under light and heat.In this study,to find stable antioxidants,6 curcumin analogs(A1-6) were synthesized by coupling the appropriate aromatic aldehyde and cyclohexanon with HCl catalysis,and the free radical（DPPH） scavenging abilities of synthetic curcumin analogs were evaluated.The results showed that the free radical（DPPH） scavenging abilities of curcumin analogs（A2,A3 and A6） were promoted when hydroxyl or methoxyl groups were introduced in the ortho place of phenols,the compound with ortho dihydroxy groups showed the stronges free radical（DPPH） scavenging abilities among curcumin analogs with IC50 of 1.5 μM.
文摘目的:探讨姜黄素类似物对糖尿病肾病(DN)小鼠肾纤维化的影响及机制。方法:KKAy小鼠给予高脂饲料连续饲养2周构建DN小鼠模型,随机分为模型组和实验组,每组12只,10只C57BL/6J小鼠饲喂普通饲料,作为正常组。实验组小鼠灌胃姜黄素类似物H85 mg/kg,模型组和正常组均灌胃等量生理盐水,1次/d,连续干预6周。采用血糖仪检测小鼠空腹血糖(FBG),双缩脲法检测处死前24 h尿液尿蛋白(UP);过碘酸-无色品红染色(PAS染色)观察小鼠肾组织病理形态变化;蛋白免疫印迹(WB)法及实时荧光定量-聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)检测各组小鼠肾组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、纤连蛋白(FN)和IV型胶原(Col-Ⅳ)、Twist蛋白表达情况。结果:干预后,正常组、模型组和实验组小鼠肾脏指数(KI)分别为(6.24±0.32)、(14.4±2.39)、(9.14±1.43)mg/g,FBG分别为(4.96±1.25),(35.54±3.43),(27.54±1.12)mmol/L,24 h UP分别为(31.69±5.51)、(710.54±231.28)、(410.43±130.36)μmol/L;肾小球硬化评分分别为(0.00±0.00)、(3.02±0.24)、(1.69±0.21)分,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肾组织α-SMA、FN和Col-Ⅳ、Twist蛋白及mRNA相对表达量升高(P<0.05),而实验组小鼠低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论:姜黄素类似物可改善DN小鼠肾功能及肾组织损伤程度,降低纤维化蛋白表达,延缓肾组织纤维化,可能与下调Twist蛋白表达有关。
文摘BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for patients with a delayed diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)in order to improve their chances of survival.Recent studies have shown potent anti-neoplastic effects of curcumin and its analogues.In addition,the role of histone methyltransferases on cancer therapeutics has also been elucidated.However,the relationship between these two factors in the treatment of pancreatic cancer remains unknown.Our working hypothesis was that L48H37,a novel curcumin analog,has better efficacy in pancreatic cancer cell growth inhibition in the absence of histonelysine N-methyltransferase 2D(KMT2D).AIM To determine the anti-cancer effects of L48H37 in PDAC,and the role of KMT2D on its therapeutic efficacy.METHODS The viability and proliferation of primary(PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2)and metastatic(SW1990 and ASPC-1)PDAC cell lines treated with L48H37 was determined by CCK8 and colony formation assay.Apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,and cell cycle profile were determined by staining the cells with Annexin-V/7-AAD,JC-1,DCFH-DA,and PI respectively,as well as flow cytometric acquisition.In vitro migration was assessed by the wound healing assay.The protein and mRNA levels of relevant factors were analyzed using Western blotting,immunofluorescence and real time-quantitative PCR.The in situ expression of KMT2D in both human PDAC and paired adjacent normal tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry.In vivo tumor xenografts were established by injecting nude mice with PDAC cells.Bioinformatics analyses were also conducted using gene expression databases and TCGA.RESULTS L48H37 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in SW1990 and ASPC-1 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner,while also reducing MMP,increasing ROS levels,arresting cell cycle at the G2/M stages and activating the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress-associated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)/CHOP signaling pathway.Knocking down ATF4 significantly upregulated KMT2D in PDAC cells,and also decreased L48H37-induced apoptosis.Furthermore,silencing KMT2D in L48H37-treated cells significantly augmented apoptosis and the ER stress pathway,indicating that KMT2D depletion is essential for the anti-neoplastic effects of L48H37.Administering L48H37 to mice bearing tumors derived from control or KMT2Dknockdown PDAC cells significantly decreased the tumor burden.We also identified several differentially expressed genes in PDAC cell lines expressing very low levels of KMT2D that were functionally categorized into the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.The KMT2D high-and low-expressing PDAC patients from the TCGA database showed similar survival rates,but higher KMT2D expression was associated with poor tumor grade in clinical and pathological analyses.CONCLUSION L48H37 exerts a potent anti-cancer effect in PDAC,which is augmented by KMT2D deficiency.
