The patterns of surface capillary-gravity short-crested waves with uniform current fields in coastal waters

A fully three-dimensional surface gravitycapillary short-crested wave system is studied as two progressive wave-trains of equal amplitude and frequency, which are collinear with uniform currents and doubly-periodic in the horizontal plane, are propagating at an angle to each other. The first- and second-order asymptotic analytical solutions of the short-crested wave system are obtained via a perturbation expansion in a small parameter associated with the wave steepness, therefore depicting a series of typical three-dimensional wave patterns involving currents, shallow and deep water, and surface capillary waves, and comparing them with each other.

Portable Dynamic Positioning Control System on A Barge in Short-Crested Waves Using the Neural Network Algorithm

This paper develops a nonlinear mathematical model to simulate the dynamic motion behavior of the barge equipped with the portable outboard Dynamic Positioning （DP） system in short-crested waves. The self-tuning Proportional- Derivative （PD） controller based on the neural network algorithm is applied to control the thrusters for optimal adjustment of the barge position in waves. In addition to the wave, the current, the wind and the nonlinear drift force are also considered in the calculations. The time domain simulations for the six-degree-of-freedom motions of the barge with the DP system are solved by the 4th order Runge-Kutta method which can compromise the efficiency and the accuracy of the simulations. The technique of the portable alternative DP system developed here can serve as a practical tool to assist those ships without being equipped with the DP facility while the dynamic positioning missions are needed.

Laboratory Research on Effective Test Area of Short-Crested Waves Generated by Two-Sided Segmented Wavemakers

The size and shape of the effective test area are crucial to consider when short-crested waves are created by segmented wavemakers. The range of the effective test area of short-crested waves simulated by two-sided segmented wavemakers is analyzed in this paper. The experimental investigation on the wave field distribution of short-crested waves generated by two-sided segmented wavemakers is conducted by using an array of wave gauges. Wave spectra and directional spreading function are analyzed and the results show that when the main direction is at a certain angle with the normal line of wave generators, the wave field of 3D short-crested waves generated by two-sided segmented wavemakers has good spatial uniformity within the model test area. The effective test area can provide good wave environments for seakeeping model tests of various ocean engineering structures in the deep ocean engineering basin.

Short-Crested Waves Interaction with A Concentric Porous Cylinder System with Partially Porous Outer Cylinder

In this paper, based on the linear wave theory, the interaction of short-crested waves with a concentric dual cylindrical system with a partially porous outer cylinder is studied by using the scaled boundary finite element method （SBFEM）, which is a novel semi-analytical method with the advantages of combining the finite element method （FEM） with the boundary element method （BEM）. The whole solution domain is divided into one unbounded sub-domain and one bounded sub-domain by the exterior cylinder. By weakening the governing differential equation in the circumferential direction, the SBFEM equations for both domains can be solved analytically in the radial direction. Only the boundary on the circumference of the exterior porous cylinder is discretized with curved surface finite elements. Meanwhile, by introducing a variable porous-effect parameter G, non-homogeneous materials caused by the complex configuration of the exterior cylinder are modeled without additional efforts. Comparisons clearly demonstrate the excellent accuracy and computational efficiency associated with the present SBFEM. The effects of the wide range wave parameters and the structure configuration are examined. This parametric study will help determine the various hydrodynamic effects of the concentric porous cylindrical structure.

Stability of Three-Dimensional Interfacial Waves Under Subharmonic Disturbances

This study examines the stability regimes of three-dimensional interfacial gravity waves.The numerical results of the linear stability analysis extend the three-dimensional surface waves results of Ioualalen and Kharif(1994)to three-dimensional interfacial waves.An approach of the collocation type has been developed for this purpose.The equations of motion are reduced to an eigenvalue problem where the perturbations are spectrally decomposed into normal modes.The results obtained showed that the density ratio plays a stabilizing factor.In addition,the dominant instability is of three-dimensional structure,and it belongs to class I for all values of density ratio.

“5E”教学模式在“电动力学”中的应用研究——以导电介质中的平面单色电磁波知识点为例

“电动力学”主要讲述电磁场的基本性质、运动规律以及和物质的相互作用,课程的最大特点是理论性和抽象性比较强,同时在军事应用、生产实践和科学实验方面都有重要的指导意义。阐述“5E”教学模式在“电动力学”课程中导电介质中的平面单色电磁波这一特定知识点的具体应用,并结合专业课程理论知识特色对具体教学进行了详细讲解,将前沿领域和实际应用引入抽象的理论课教学中,课程教学过程中激发学习兴趣、强化学习效果,实现从专业基础的学习到实践应用的提升,让“电动力学”课程学生在专业技术方面上有明显优势。

Experimental Study of Sand Bed Configurations in Front of a Vertical Wall Under Wave Action

When a 2-D progressive wave train normally or obliquely approaches a vertical wall and then is normally or obliquely reflected from it, the combination of the approaching and reflected waves may result in a standing wave or a short-crested wave in front of the wall. This paper presents the experimental observations of sand bed configurations under the action of these water waves in front of the wall. The geometry of sand ripples under these water waves in front of the vertical wall is presented as a function of flow parameters, such as the water particle semi-excursion and the mobility number.

Homotopy-based analytical approximation to nonlinear short-crested waves in a fluid of finite depth

A nonlinear short-crested wave system, consisting of two progressive waves propagating at an oblique angle to each other in a fluid of finite depth, is investigated by means of an analytical approach named the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. Highly convergent series solutions are explicitly derived for the velocity potential and the surface wave elevation. We find that, at every value of water depth, there is little difference between the kinetic energy and the potential energy for nonlinear waves. The nonlinear short-crested waves with a larger angle of incidence always contain the more potential wave energy. With the aid of the HAM, we obtain the dispersion relation for nonlinear short-crested waves. Furthermore, it is shown that the wave elevation tends to be smoothened at the crest and be sharpened at the trough as the water depth increases, and the wave pressure crests and troughs become steeper with increasing incident wave steepness.

基于单频走时敏感度核函数的三维波动方程初至层析

地震波走时层析是主要的近地表速度建模技术.对于变速模型,尤其是复杂近地表模型,波动方程能够更加精确地描述地震波的一阶绕射效应,理论上反演精度高于射线(束)类层析.然而,波动方程的数值求解的计算量较射线理论增加了几个数量级,严重制约了波动方程走时层析技术的三维实用化.为解决波动方程走时层析中遇到的计算和存储问题,本文通过引入随机边界条件以及离散Fourier积分,提出了基于单频梯度反演策略的实用化三维波动方程初至层析方法.本文方法的优势在于:在计算和存储方面,相比于基于波场重构算法(需要三次波传播)的梯度计算策略,本文提出的单频梯度计算方法对内存需求极低(相对于波动方程正演,仅需要增加两个单频波场以及一个成像体),且计算量至少减少1/3(仅需要两次波传播且无需处理数值吸收边界).此外,随机边界的引入使得正演算法大幅简化因而更适用于GPU(Graphics Processing Unit,图形处理器)加速.在理论层面,由于影响地震波一阶散射效应的主要区域集中在连接炮检的中心射线邻域的第一菲涅尔带内,随机边界条件的引入降低了随机边界内产生的散射波的空间相关性,使得第一菲涅尔带内的单频梯度相干加强;同时,地震观测系统的多次覆盖特性有助于第一菲涅尔带外的高波数振荡相互干涉.数值实验表明,光滑处理后的单频梯度仍然保留了非常可观的低波数成分,有助于实现背景速度反演.此外,三维复杂模型反演结果验证了本文方法能够较为准确地反演近地表速度结构.相对于传统的波动方程走时层析实现方案,本文方法在显著降低内存需求的同时进一步提高了计算效率,有望将波动方程初至层析技术推向三维实用化.

Self-similar Solution of a Cylindrical Shock Wave under the Action of Monochromatic Radiation in a Rotational Axisymmetric Dusty Gas

A self-similar flow behind a cylindrical shock wave is studied under the action of monochromatic radiation in a rotational axisymmetric dusty gas. The dusty gas is taken to be a mixture of small solid particles and perfect gas,and solid particles are continuously distributed in the mixture. The similarity solutions are obtained and the effects of the variation of the radiation parameter, the ratio of the density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas, the mass concentration of solid particles in the mixture and the index for the time dependent energy law are investigated.It is observed that an increase in the radiation parameter has decaying effect on the shock waves; whereas the shock strength increases with an increase in the ratio of the density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas or the index for the time dependent energy law. Also, it is found that an increase in the radiation parameter has effect to decrease the flow variables except the density and the azimuthal component of fluid velocity. A comparison is also made between rotating and non-rotating cases.

Self-Similar Solution of Spherical Shock Wave Propagation in a Mixture of a Gas and Small Solid Particles with Increasing Energy under the Influence of Gravitational Field and Monochromatic Radiation

Similarity solution for a spherical shock wave with or without gravitational field in a dusty gas is studied under the action of monochromatic radiation. It is supposed that dusty gas be a mixture of perfect gas and micro solid particles. Equilibrium flow condition is supposed to be maintained and energy is varying which is continuously supplied by inner expanding surface. It is found that similarity solution exists under the constant initial density. The comparison between the solutions obtained in gravitating and non-gravitating medium is done. It is found that the shock strength increases with an increase in gravitational parameter or ratio of the density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas, whereas an increase in the radiation parameter has decaying effect on the shock waves.

自适应单频干扰波识别与消除方法研究

在地震数据采集中,如果测线上方有高压输电线通过,记录中就会出现50 Hz左右的强单频干扰波。这种干扰波从浅层到深层频率、相位和振幅基本保持不变,因此,采用频率域压制方法很难完全将其消除干净,且会伤害到有效信号。但可以在时间域采用同频率不同振幅的正弦函数和余弦函数的组合来逼近这种单频干扰波,并从地震记录中将其减去,达到消除这种干扰波的目的。本方法的最大优点就是能够有效地消除干扰波,而不伤害干扰波附近的有效信号,从而提高单频波频率分量附近数据的信噪比。实际数据试算结果表明该方法有效可行。

波致应力的近似求解及其太平洋特征分析

基于波致应力计算中对海浪谱和波浪增长率公式的敏感性分析,选择适当的波致应力近似求解方法,计算和探讨了太平洋波致应力的时空分布特征。敏感性分析中,选择了4种常用的波浪增长率公式和3种经验解析海浪谱。推导了计算波致应力的单波公式,并将其与JONSWAP谱积分公式和Elfouhaily谱积分公式进行比较,同时使用了由风速和有效波高资料构造的Elfouhaily谱积分公式计算太平洋波致应力。结果表明:Belcher等(1993)的波浪增长率计算公式估算的波致应力与实验数据吻合度较好,同时适用ERA-interim数据;当波龄小于1.2时运用Elfouhaily谱积分公式更合适,当波龄大于1.2时运用单波公式更快速有效;太平洋的波致应力分布与风场之间存在明显的相关性;2009年1月、4月、7月和10月太平洋波致应力的季节性特征分析表明四个季节的西风带波致应力较其他地区都更强盛,而在时间变化上1月和10月为波致应力整体较为强盛的时期。

根据干涉条纹测量未知光源的波长

根据干涉叠加原理研究非单色光的干涉现象,对不同谱线宽度的光波干涉及相干长度进行对比分析,研究了双中心波长准单色光干涉光强的变化规律,以双黄汞灯为光源,按照理论分析的结果进行未知波长测量实验,得出了一定条件下测量未知波长的实验方法,实验结果与理论分析相符.

脉冲波对离子跨膜迁移的影响

基于能斯托公式和玻尔兹曼公式,该文利用矩形脉冲波的傅里叶展开和电磁波理论,给出了脉冲波引起离子跨膜迁移量变化的分析方法。并就脉冲波和定态电磁波对离子跨膜迁移量的影响进行数值分析,结果表明:脉冲波引起的电磁波生物学效应主要由脉冲波的直流分量引起的;相比定态电磁波,相同功率流密度的矩形脉冲波能引起更多的离子跨膜迁移,产生更为显著的生物学效应。

考虑相速弥散影响的单频波变形数学模型

本文提出了逼近Hedges(1987)的考虑位相弥散影响的非线性弥散关系的显式表达式,该显式表达式与Hedges的非线性弥散关系吻合较好.用文中显式非线性弥散关系,结合含弱非线性效应的缓坡方程,得到考虑相速弥散影响的单频波变形数学模型.对该数学模型进行了数值验证,验证结果表明,考虑相速弥散影响的单频波变形数学模型更为精确。

大糙率珊瑚礁附近规则波非线性特征实验研究

通过波浪水槽实验对大糙率礁面存在下珊瑚礁海岸附近规则波非线性特征参数(偏度、不对称度和厄塞尔数)的变化规律进行了研究。实验采用圆柱体阵列来模拟礁面的粗糙度,测试了一系列规则波工况。结果表明:偏度、不对称度和厄塞尔数的幅值分别在珊瑚礁破碎带结束位置、破碎带内和破碎带开始位置达到最大。3个参数的幅值均随着入射波波高的增大而增大;偏度值随着波浪周期的增大而减小,不对称度幅值和厄塞尔数随着周期的增大而增大;偏度值随着礁坪水深的增大而增大,不对称度幅值和厄塞尔数随着礁坪水深的增大而减小。深水厄塞尔数可以用来描述礁坪上波浪非线性参数的变化,最后给出了用其预测礁坪上3个非线性特征参数的经验关系式。

波群与单频率波的波向线的比较

本文根据普遍几何群速的概念和Fermat原理导出的波群的波向线方程,数值计算在理想底形海域中波群与单频率波的波向线,并加以比较,指出两者的异同。同时还检验了前人的一些结论。

单色超快激光成丝产生太赫兹辐射机理

单色超快激光与气体介质相互作用成丝产生太赫兹波是当前产生宽频太赫兹辐射的一个重要途径。介绍了不同模型下单色场(波长为0.8μm)超快激光与气体介质作用产生宽频强太赫兹辐射的产生机制,以及提升太赫兹波产生效率的几种方法。单色激光与气体介质作用产生太赫兹辐射的产生机制模型有渡越-切仑科夫辐射模型、激光有质动力模型和轫致辐射模型。研究表明,在拉丝周围外加横向电压、外加纵向电压和双拉丝的方法都能获得更强的太赫兹波。

一种混合优化差分格式

优化差分格式一般用于计算气动声学和小尺度的湍流数值模拟,这类格式为了获取更好的短波分辨率通常牺牲了部分收敛精度.文章尝试结合最高阶精度格式与优化格式的特点,构造混合优化格式,提高优化格式的收敛精度以及谱分辨率.混合优化格式由模板上的最高阶精度格式与优化格式加权组合得到,权系数由当前模板上的值确定,这使得该格式为非线性格式.对于单色波问题,通过优化权的设计可大幅度减小相位误差.但是加权混合过程使得计算时间有所增加.数值计算证明了该格式的特点.