Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-Alkylamide derivatives as anti-tumor agents

Background:N-Alkylamides(NAAs),derived from Anacyclus pyrethrum(L.)DC,have potential anti-tumor effects.To explore the molecular mechanism and chemo-preventive capacity of NAAs,we synthesized an NAA(H-10)and evaluated whether it could inhibit the proliferation of B16,HepG2,HeLa,and HCT116 cancer cells in 2D culture.Methods:To evaluate the antiproliferative activity of H-10 in 2D and 3D culture of BD,HepG2,HeLa,and HCT116 cells,multicellular tumor spheroids were constructed to more accurately reflect the cell tumor environment.To visualize nuclear changes related to apoptosis,Hoechst 33258 staining and propidium iodide-Annexin V double staining were performed.Results:Compound H-10 strongly inhibited the growth of all tested cell lines.Hoechst 33258 staining and propidium iodide-Annexin V double staining revealed that H-10 did not cause morphological alterations in the nuclei and moderately induced late apoptosis only when treated at 180 mM.The strongest inhibitory effect was observed in HCT116 cells.Flow cytometry analysis indicated that treatment of HCT116 cells with compound H-10 resulted in robust cell growth arrest in G2 phase in 2D and 3D cell culture;in 3D-cultured HCT116 cells,growth arrest occurred in G1 phase.Treatment with compound H-10 also significantly suppressed angiogenesis of chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo.Conclusion:Treatment with compound H-10 strongly affected clonogenic survival(in the long-term)and migration of HCT116 cells.Therefore,H-10,a compound of NAAs may be useful for treating cancer because of its anti-neoplastic effect and easy synthesis.

A NEW BIFUNCTIONAL CHELATING AGENT α,ε-N,N'-BIS(L-CYSTEINYL)-L-LYSINE FOR RADIOLABELLING OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH TECHNETIUM-99M

α,ε-N,N'-bis(L-cysteinyl)-L-lysine was synthesized and char- acterized for the first time.It was then employed as a bifunctional chelating agent to chelate technetium-99m and subsequently conjugated to fragment F(ab')_2 of anti-gastric tumor monoclonal antibody 3G9.The radiolabelled antibody was satisfactorily stable and immunoreactive.

ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY FAB’FRAGMENT—CONTAINING IMMUNOCONJUGATES

Objective.Using monoclonal antibody (mAb) Fab′ fragment to develop mAb immunoconjugates for cancer. Methods.Fab′ fragment of mAb 3A5 was prepared by digestion of the antibody with pepsin and then reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT),while Fab′ fragment of mAb 3D6 was obtained by digestion of the antibody with ficin and subsequently reduced by β mercaptoethanol.The conjugation between Fab′ fragment and pingyangmycin (PYM),an antitumor antibiotic,was mediated by dextran T 40.Immunoreactivity of Fab′ PYM conjugates with cancer cells was determined by ELISA,and the cytotoxicity of those conjugates to cancer cells was determined by clonogenic assay.Antitumor effects of the Fab′ PYM conjugates were evaluated by subcutaneously transplanted tumors in mice. Results.The molecular weight of Fab′ fragment was approximately 53 kD,while the average molecular weight of Fab′ PYM conjugate was 170 kD.The Fab′ PYM conjugates showed immunoreactivity with antigen relevant cancer cells and selective cytotoxicity against target cells.Administered intravenously,Fab′ PYM conjugates were more effective against the growth of tumors in mice than free PYM and PYM conjugated with intact mAb. Conclusion.Fab′ PYM conjugate may be capable of targeting cancer cells and effectively inhibiting tumor growth,suggesting its therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.

Safety and efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factors α in patients with psoriasis and chronic hepatitis C

Up to date,in literature,it is still debated the role of anti-tumor necrosis factors(TNF)-α treatments in hepatitis C virus(HCV) patients.TNF-α performs a lot of functions,it is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine and it is involved in the host's immunity.Since TNF-α is implicated in the apoptotic signaling pathway of hepatocytes infected by HCV,anti TNF-α therapy may increase the risk of viral replication or their reactivation.However the treatment of anti TNF-α could have a healthful role because TNF-α appears to be engaged in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis,inducing apoptotic pathways.We describe the case of a patient with plaquetype psoriasis and concomitant chronic HCV,who was treated successfully with anti-TNF agents simultaneously to cyclosporine without sign of reactivation of HCV and increase of liver enzymes.Our personal experience shows that anti-TNF-α agents are not only effective but also safe.Furthermore the combination therapy of cyclosporine and anti-TNF-α appears to be well-tolerated and able to reduce the amount of liver enzymes as well as HCV-viral-load.However systematic,large-scale studies with long follow-ups will be needed to confirm our results,in association with close liver function monitoring.

Optimizing production ofasperolide A,a potential anti-tumor tetranorditerpenoid originally produced by the algal-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus wentii EN-48

The marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus wentii EN-48 produces the potential anti-tumor agent asperolide A, a tetranorlabdane diterpenoid active against lung cancer. However, the fermentation yield of asperolide A was very low and only produced in static cultures. Static fermentation conditions of A. wentii EN-48 were optimized employing response surface methodology to enhance the production of asperolide A. The optimized conditions resulted in a 13.9-fold yield enhancement, which matched the predicted value, and the optimized conditions were successfully used in scale-up fermentation for the production of asperolide A. Exogenous addition of plant hormones （especially 10 pmol/L methyl jasmonate） stimulated asperolide A production. To our knowledge, this is first optimized production of an asperolide by a marine-derived fungus. The optimization is effective and valuable to supply material for further anti-tumor mechanism studies and preclinical evaluation of asperolide A and other norditerpenoids.

生物制剂疗法在重度哮喘治疗中的研究进展

重度哮喘是需要第4级或第5级哮喘药物治疗才能够维持控制或即使在上述治疗下仍表现为“未控制”的哮喘。目前生物制剂疗法为重度哮喘患者提供了新的治疗方法。本文将对治疗重度哮喘的生物制剂进行综述,阐述现有生物制剂的作用机制、疗效和安全性等,并在此基础上对生物制剂疗法的发展方向进行展望。

近5年国家谈判的抗肿瘤药纳入医保的品种及适应症变化分析

目的统计2019年到2023年五版国家医保目录协议期内谈判的抗肿瘤药品种的变化及医保限定的支付病种范围的变更,重点对单克隆抗体和蛋白激酶抑制剂的部分特殊品种的适应症变化进行分析。方法以表格的形式罗列出五版国家医保目录协议期内谈判的各类抗肿瘤药的品种个数、纳入年份及医保限定的支付病种范围。结果五版国家医保目录中协议期内谈判的抗肿瘤药的品种总数呈逐年递增趋势,各类抗肿瘤药的品种数排前3位的均是蛋白激酶抑制剂、单克隆抗体、其他类抗肿瘤药。医保限定的支付病种涵盖各个系统的肿瘤,如呼吸系统、消化系统、血液系统、泌尿系统、乳腺等,其中呼吸系统所占比例最高。部分品种连续5年均进入国家谈判药品目录。结论传统的抗肿瘤药由于不良反应大,患者无法耐受,近年来已逐渐被新型抗肿瘤药所替代。但由于新型抗肿瘤药价格昂贵,患者又需要长时间使用,故需要国家干预,尽可能降低价格,方能满足肿瘤患者的用药需求和可及性,从而减轻经济负担,提高生活质量。

Advances in the treatment of IgA nephropathy with biological agents

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)is the most common primary glomerular disease,and the“four-hit”theory represents its currently accepted pathogenic mechanism.Mucosal immunity triggered by infections in the respiratory tract,intestines,or other areas leads to antigen presentation,T cell stimulation,B cell maturation,and the production of IgA-producing plasma cells.The proteins B-lymphocyte stimulator(BLyS)and a proliferation-inducing ligand(APRIL)are involved in this process,and alternative complement and lectin pathway activation are also part of the pathogenic mechanism.Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines indicate that a specific effective treatment for IgAN is lacking,with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors being the primary therapy.Recent research shows that biological agents can significantly reduce proteinuria,stabilize the estimated glomerular filtration rate,and reverse some pathological changes,such as endocapillary proliferation and crescent formation.There are four main categories of biological agents used to treat IgA nephropathy,specifically anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies,anti-BLyS or APRIL monoclonal antibodies,monoclonal antibodies targeting both BLyS and APRIL(telitacicept and atacicept),and monoclonal antibodies inhibiting complement system activation(narsoplimab and eculizumab).However,further research on the dosages,treatment duration,long-term efficacy,and safety of these biological agents is required.

生物制剂在甲状腺相关眼病中的研究进展

甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)是一种罕见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,发病机制尚未明确。目前治疗仍主要依赖糖皮质激素和传统免疫抑制剂,部分患者对这些药物反应不佳,同时存在治疗相关不良反应,因此迫切需要治疗TAO的新型药物。近年来,随着对TAO发病机制研究的不断深入,针对特定靶点研发的生物制剂层出不穷,其中靶向胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ受体(IGF-IR)的替妥木单抗已被美国食品和药物管理局批准用于治疗TAO,还有多种生物制剂处于临床试验阶段。本文通过总结针对IGF-IR、新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)、促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)、B细胞、细胞因子等的生物制剂在TAO中的临床研究现状,分析其对临床治疗及未来研究趋势的影响,为TAO临床防治和研究提供最新参考。

Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of nitric oxide-releasing derivatives of hydroxylcinnamic acids as anti-tumor agents

Novel furoxan-based nitric oxide-releasing derivatives 6a-p of hydroxylcinnamic acids were synthesized by coupling the carboxyl group of hydroxylcinnamic acids with furoxan through various alkylol amines.Compounds 6a,e-i and m-p displayed more potent anti-tumor activities superior to control 5-fluorouracil（5-FU） in most cancer cells tested.Furthermore,6f could selectively inhibit tumor cells,but not non-tumor cell proliferation.This inhibition was attributed to high levels of NO released in cancer cells and potentially synergistic effect of NO donor moieties and the bioactivity of hydroxylcinnamic acids.

Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of farnesylthiosalicylic acid derivatives as anti-tumor carcinoma agents

Novel farnesylthiosalicylic acid （PTA） derivatives 5a-m with different substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles were synthesized. Compounds 5b, 5e, 5e and 5f displayed anti-tumor activities superior to FTA in most cancer cells tested. Furthermore, 5e induced tumor cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by lower Bcl-2 expression, but with higher Bax and caspase 3 expression activities in cancer cells.

Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of novel 2-aminoimidazolone derivatives as anti-tumor agents

Novel 2-aminoimidazolone derivatives were synthesized.Most compounds displayed strong anticancer activities against human carcinoma cells in vitro.Compounds 8a,8b and 8j exhibited optimal activity superior to 5-FU in most cancer cells tested.Especially,the lC_（50）s of 8b（12.6-21.5μmol/L） against five tumor cells were 1 -4 fold less than those of 5-FU（18.4-56.1μmol/L） in vitro.Furthermore,comp以ound 8b could induce SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.Therefore,our novel findings may provide a new framework for the design of new 2-aminoimidazolone derivatives for the treatment of cancer.

免疫脂质体微泡造影剂的制备及体外靶向研究

目的 制备抗人肝细胞癌免疫脂质体微泡造影剂 ,并探讨其体外靶向作用。方法 采用静电吸附法将抗人肝细胞癌单克隆抗体HAb18结合到本试验室研制的脂膜氟烷微泡造影剂表面 ,制备免疫脂质体微泡造影剂 ;采用玻片凝集实验、荧光免疫染色实验证明抗体与脂质体微泡的结合 ;通过花环形成及花环形成阻断实验研究免疫脂质体微泡的靶向作用。结果 静电吸附法可使单抗HAb18牢固地结合到脂质体微泡上 ;免疫脂质体微泡围绕靶细胞形成花环 ,花环形成率达 90 %以上。结论 采用静电吸附法制备的免疫脂质体微泡造影剂在体外能与人肝癌细胞高效特异结合。

标记抗人肺癌单抗超顺磁性氧化铁粒子的磁共振免疫显像实验

目的：探讨标记抗人肺癌单抗的超顺磁性氧化铁微粒（ＳＰＩＯ）进行磁共振免疫显像的可能性。材料与方法：将采用Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）与Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）混合液在碱性条件下制备ＳＰＩＯ微粒；将粒径４．５ｎｍ±３．４ｎｍ的ＳＰＩＯ微粒标记到抗人肺癌单抗（ＭｃＡｂｓ）上；观察静注ＳＰＩＯ—ＭｃＡｂｓ定向改变载瘤裸鼠（ｎ＝４）ＭＲ信号强度的可能性。结果：ＳＰＩＯ—ＭｃＡｂｓＭＲ成像能有效地降低全部瘤靶的ＭＲ信号。

力达霉素构建的小型化单克隆抗体免疫偶联物的抗肿瘤作用

目的研制一种具有高效、小型化特点的抗肿瘤单克隆抗体(单抗)免疫偶联物。方法以化学偶联法制备抗肿瘤抗生素力达霉素(LDM)与单抗Fab'片段的偶联物Fab'-LDM。以非还原型SDS-PAGE法确定偶联物的相对分子质量;ELISA法、四氮唑蓝(MTT)法、克隆形成法及小鼠移植性结肠癌26(C26)模型观察Fab'-LDM偶联物的抗肿瘤作用。结果Fab'-LDM偶联物的相对分子质量(Mr)约为65000,Fab'与LDM的偶联分子比为1∶1;偶联物与BEL-7402及C26细胞均呈免疫学阳性反应,但与KB细胞无反应;Fab'-LDM对靶细胞BEL-7402的杀伤作用比游离LDM强13倍,对C26细胞的杀伤作用比LDM强5.5倍,但对非靶细胞KB的作用与LDM相当。动物试验结果表明,0.05mg/kg、0.1mg/kg和0.2mg/kg剂量Fab'-LDM偶联物对小鼠移植性结肠癌26的抑瘤率分别达80%、92%和94%,而0.1mg/kg剂量游离LDM的抑瘤率为77%;同时偶联物治疗组动物生存时间较对照组延长。偶联物的抑瘤作用强于等剂量游离LDM(P<0.01)。结论以高效抗肿瘤抗生素LDM为“弹头”药物,可与单抗活性片段构建成具有良好抗肿瘤作用的小型化单抗导向药物。

抗CD20单克隆抗体在儿童原发性难治性肾病综合征的应用新进展

原发性难治性肾病综合征(idiopathic refractory nephritic syndrome,IRNS)一直是临床治疗的棘手问题。抗CD20单克隆抗体是一种诱导B细胞溶解和凋亡的新型免疫抑制剂,其出现极大地改善了IRNS患者的预后。近年来,多数病例分析和临床试验对抗CD20单克隆抗体治疗儿童IRNS的有效性进行了报道。本文就抗CD20单克隆抗体的作用机制、在IRNS的临床应用、不良反应及研究中存在的问题进行综述。

^(188)Re间接标记单克隆抗体的研究

采用先标记后偶联的方法 ,以NHS -MAG3 为双功能连接剂 ,研究了用188Re标记单克隆抗体的各种实验条件 ,得到了最佳标记方法和偶联方法。标记抗体188Re -NHS -MAG3 -IgG体外稳定性良好。完成了188Re -NHS -MAG3 -CL3在小鼠体内的生物分布实验 ,结果表明该配合物在体内稳定性良好。

海洋硫酸多糖类药物聚甘古酯单克隆抗体的制备及其特性研究

目的 制备和纯化聚甘古酯 (911)单克隆抗体 ,为 911药代动力学的免疫学方法的建立提供依据。方法用还原胺化法 ,制备 911 BSA和 911 HSA复合物 ,间接ELISA法检测抗体生成。以IsostripTM 试剂盒测定抗体亚型 ,流式细胞仪测定DNA含量。结果 获得了一株阳性杂交瘤细胞DD3,腹水效价可达 1× 10 5,其抗体亚型为IgG2a(κ) ,细胞株的DNA含量约为脾细胞和NS 1细胞之和 ,亲和力常数为 2 0× 10 8L·mol- 1 。结论 本实验制备了特异性针对 911的单克隆抗体DD3,且与内源性多糖和褐藻酸无交叉反应 ,为 911药代动力学的免疫学检测提供了依据。

单克隆抗体的制备──不同诱导剂预处理小鼠的比较

常用单抗制备的方法是将能分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞接种同品系小鼠腹腔诱生含单抗的腹水。为了提高单抗腹水的产量，比较应用硅胶Ｈ、石蜡油及不完全佐剂，分别预处理ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠。同时比较了硅胶Ｈ不同剂量及不同时间预处理小鼠作用。实验结果表明硅胶Ｈ诱导单抗腹水产量要比其它２组高，有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。硅胶Ｈ处理最适条件的实验表明２～５ｍｇ为无毒性的有效剂量。而硅胶Ｈ预处理和杂交瘤细胞接种的间隔期以７ｄ为宜。以此条件制备单抗腹水效果良好。

单克隆抗体药物治疗肿瘤的研究现状与展望

单克隆抗体 (简称单抗 )药物用于治疗肿瘤的研究已获得重要进展。抗肿瘤单抗药物一般包括单抗治疗剂与单抗偶联物。研究表明 ,单抗药物对肿瘤相关靶点显示特异性结合 ,对肿瘤细胞有选择性杀伤作用并在动物实验有显著的疗效。单抗药物已开始应用于临床肿瘤治疗。抗肿瘤单抗药物研究的发展趋势是继续寻求新的分子靶点、抗体人源化以及偶联物分子的小型化。由于单抗有高度特异性 ,研制单抗药物有巨大的潜力 ,单抗药物将在肿瘤治疗中发挥重要作用。