DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF α_1-ANTITRYSIN IN PRIMARY HEPATIC CARCINOMA - AN APPRAISAL OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-RATE NEPHELOMETRY

Using hybridoma technique, we prepared the monoclonal antibody against a1-AT and combined it with Immuno-Chemical Monitor System-(ICS)-rate nephelemetry to determine the serum a1-AT concentration of 50 health adults, 49 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) and 52 with benign liver diseases, respectively. Serum a1-AT levels were significantly higher in patients with PHC than in normal adults (P<0.001). Elevated levels of a1-AT were found in 43% of patients with PHC. No difference was found in a1-AT between patients with benigh liver diseases and health adults (P>0.05). The results indicated that a1-AT is one of the serum markers useful for diagnosing PHC. It is hopeful by using the monoclonal antibody against a1-AT as a new reagent to examine a1-AT on the molocular cytological level.

Diagnostic challenges in alcohol use disorder and alcoholic liver disease

Alcohol use disorders represent a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical manifestations that have been defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Excessive alcohol intake can lead to damage of various organs, including the liver. Alcoholic liver disease includes different injuries ranging from steatosis to cirrhosis and implicates a diagnostic assessment of the liver disease and of its possible complications. There is growing interest in the possible different tools for assessing previous alcohol consumption and for establishing the severity of liver injury, especially by noninvasive methods.

USE OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) TO DETECT MONOCLONALITY OF B CELL LYMPHO-PROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

A technique has been developed using PCR to detect monoclonality of B-lymphoproliferative disorders. DNA was extracted from the blood, tissue and paraffin embedded sections by biochemical means or boiling. Forty cases of B-non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 15 cases of T-NHL, 8 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 17 cases of reactive lymphadenopathy and 12 cases of various non-lym-phocytic tumor were examined. Monoclonality of B-lymphocytes was detected in 86-92% of cases with B-lymphoproliferative diseases, but none in T-NHL, reactive disorders and non-lymphatic tumors. This technique provides a new molecular biologic method to diagnose malignant B-lymphoproliferative dicor-ders. It may be useful in Ig gene rearrangement study, differential diagnosis and retrospective investigation of lymphoproliferative disorders.

HIM_(1) AND HIM4, TWO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES POTENTIALLY USEFUL FOR AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA

We developed two complement-fixing MoAbsHIMand HIM(murine)that were specifically reac-tive with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells.They were capable of fixing human or rabbit com-plement and suitable for CML cells purging of re-mission marrow from CML patients.HIMreactedwith majority leukemic cells form 7 out of 10 CMLpatients by complement-mediated cytotoxicity(C’MC)assay(positive cells 80%—90%),HIMreacted withmajority CML cells from 4 out of 5 CML by C’MCassay(positive cells 80%—90%).Treatment withHIMor HIMand human C’was capable of lysing97% of K562,U937,HL-60 and CML cells in a 20fold excess of unrelated cells by indirect FITC+EBstain.Using limited dilution culture,incubation withHIMand C’produced 1.5 logs inhibition of growthin K562 cells,and 1.9 logs in U937 cells,and withHIMand C’produced 2.9 logs inhibition in HL-60cells and 3.0 logs in U937 cells.Both MoAbs cocktailwas shown 1.8 logs in K562 cells and 3.2 logs in U937cells.They were no suppression on the growth o

THE USE OF ANTI-HUMAN GLIOMA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR TARGETING CHEMOTHERAPY OF BRAIN GLIOMAS(PREPARATION AND CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODY-ADRIAMYCIN IMMUNOCONJUGATES)

Immunoconjugates are antibody-drug hybrid molecules which combine the exquisite selectivity or monoclonal antibodies with the potent toxicity of anticancer agents. A monoclonal antibody SZ39 against human brain gliomas was used as a drug carrier. Adriamycin (ADR) was bound covalently to SZ39 to form a SZ39-ADR conjugate. The cytotoxic activity of the SZ39-ADR conjugate was tested in vitro and demonstrated potent and specific killing of cells derived from a human malignant glioma. 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for SZ39-ADR to 'target' cells was 8.14×10-9 M. An index of specificity between 'target' and 'non-target' cells was calculated to be 88-fold. These data suggest that the SZ39-ADR may use as a potent and cell type-specific agent and is a likely candidate for the targeting chemotherapy of malignant gliotnas.

THE USE OF ANTIHUMAN GLIOMA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR TARGETING CHEMOTHERAPY OF BRAIN GLIOMAS(POTENT SUPPRESSION OF MALIGNANT GLIOMA GROWTH WITH IMMUNOCONJUGATES IN VIVO)

Athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous and intracerebral human glioma xenografts were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal anti-body-adriamycin immunoconjugates against malignant gliomas in vivo. Immunoconjugates showed a significantly stronger antitumor effect with a T/C (treated/ control tumor volume) of 30% as compared with free drug (T/C of 84%). The targeting treatment with immunoconjugates significantly prolonged 54% of median survival time of nude mice. Side effects of immunoconjugates on the normal bone marrow and small intestines were much slighter than those of the free drug. The results of this study indicate that the use of monoclonal antibodies as carriers of anti-tumor agents may have many therapeutic advantages and potential for the treatment of brain gliomas.

Tumoricidal activation of murine resident peritoneal macrophages on pancreatic carcinoma by interleukin-2 and monoclonal antibodies

INTRODUCTIONMacrophages play an important role in tumor lysisand growth inhibition.They can be activated to atumoricidal state by a variety of agents such asIFNr,TNFα or IL2.The killing machanisms ofactivated macrophages have been extensivelyinvestigated.Recently,it has been proved thatantibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) isone of the potent arms to lyse tumor cells

DETECTION OF CANCER-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN IN FECES USING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF COLON CARCINOMA

Monoclonal antibodies against colon and pancreatic cancer, CL-2, CL-3, PS-9, PS-10, were used to detect the associated antigens in feces of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma and non-cancer diseases. Binding inhibition test by SABC-ELISA method were performed for the measurement of the antigen level. Results showed that the associated antigen detected in feces of patients with colon cancer were significantly higher than that of non-cancer disease or normal subjects. The positive rates were 61.1% as detected with CL-2; 53.4% with CL-3; 55.0%, PS-9; and 53.3% PS-10 in cancer patients while that in normal subjects were 7%; 9%; 8%; and 8% respectively. When 'cocktail' of CL-2, PS-9 and PS-10 were used, the positive rates were 92.5% in colon cancer and 14% in normal subjects. In seven out of the sixty patients with colon cancer studied who were graded as Dukes A, the results were all positive. The results seem superior to the serologic detection and may provide a promising new approach in the early diagnosis of colon cancer.

关于抗Aβ单克隆抗体的临床应用建议(2024版)

最新研发的抗Aβ单克隆抗体陆续在国内外获批上市,并逐渐应用于我国临床实践。为促进抗Aβ单克隆抗体在我国阿尔茨海默病治疗中更合理、安全的应用,本文结合抗Aβ单克隆抗体现有临床试验证据及阿杜卡单抗在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院海南医院的临床应用经验,总结抗Aβ单克隆抗体的临床应用建议,包括临床用药指征、用药前评估及准备、用药时医嘱及注意事项、用药后临床监测,旨在为临床医师提供翔实的用药指导和建议。

体外检测试剂盒阻断剂的制备方法及特性分析

目的探讨体外检测试剂盒阻断剂的制备方法及特性。方法采用6周龄BALB/c小鼠进行抗原免疫,构建杂交瘤细胞并克隆。采用动物体内诱导单克隆抗体的方法大量制备单克隆抗体,分别采用G柱亲和层析、蓝胶+Q柱离子交换层析两种方法进行纯化,核酸蛋白检测仪记录波长280 nm下的光密度(optical density,OD),紫外分光光度计测量成品浓度。采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)检测抗体纯度。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)双抗体夹心法检测该阻断剂(CN302)对假阳性样本的阻断能力。结果G柱亲和层析法提取阻断剂的收率(3个批次分别为6.49、6.12、6.27 g/L)高于蓝胶+Q柱离子交换层析法(3个批次分别为1.78、1.68、1.61 g/L)。两种纯化方法的纯度均高达95%以上。G柱亲和层析法、蓝胶+Q柱离子交换层析法所得阻断剂的活性分别为106.54%、92.45%;与空白组相比,两种纯化方式所得阻断剂CN302对假阳性样本的检出率均降低,其OD值均小于0.2,与基准阻断剂大致相同。G柱亲和层析法所得阻断剂CN302未冻融的活性为99.86%,冻融5次后活性为99.83%。无阻断剂存在时,对假阳性样本检测的OD值约为2.5,最高可达到4.0;加入阻断剂后,OD值明显降低;阻断剂CN302对假阳性样本检测的OD值低于其他阻断剂。结论本研究所得阻断剂能显著消除样本内源性干扰,且活性几乎全部保留。G柱亲和层析法提取抗体的收率和阻断能力均高于蓝胶+Q柱离子交换层析法。

Land use and landscape pattern change: a linkage to the construction of the Qinghai-Xizang Highway

Based on digital land use data from 1995 to 2000 and road data, the land use and landscape changes of Golmud, Qumaleb and Zhidoi are studied on a macro-scale. Land use and landscape changes in highway buffer zones and city expansion are special subjects. A new formula is used to define the exact degree of dynamic land use. To adequately define land use and landscape pattern changes, the buffer zones, illustrating the changes at different distances from the road, are recognized with ArcGIS 8.1 software. Prominent changes took place in land use and landscape patterns from 1995 to 2000, and the area of built-up land increased by 323.8%. The comprehensive degree of dynamic land use is 2.25, and the degree of dynamic land use of built-up land is the highest, followed by cultivated land. Woodland has the lowest value. The used degree index of land resources declined by 38.8 from 1995 to 2000. Landscape changed dramatically which influenced ecological processes immensely. Different from the corridor effect of other traffic routes, the corridor effect of this section of road is not obvious and its “point” radiation effect can be easily seen. The expanding range of Golmud City is confined to a 3 km buffer, while for Wudaoliang, it is 1 km. No land use change happened in the Nanshankou buffer.

Electrogastrography: Poor correlation with antro-duodenal manometry and doubtful clinical usefulness in adults

AIM: To investigate if there is a correlation between electrical activity measured by electrogastrography (EGG) and contractile activity of the stomach as measured by antroduodenal manometry (ADM). We also studied whether the underlying motility disorder could be predicted from EGG parameters. METHODS: We compared 21 parameters measured from EGG with 8 parameters measured from ADM. The ability of EGG to identify the underlying diagnosis was tested by comparing EGG parameters for each diagnosis group against other patients. The study comprised recordings from 148 patients and 125 females. Their median age was 45 (range 17-76) years. RESULTS: We found few and weak correlations between EGG and ADM. Specifically the correlation between parameters reflecting the response to meal was poor (r = -0.07, P = 0.39). The discriminatory power of EGG for underlying motility disorder was also low. Patients with slow transit constipation (STC) showed a lower postprandial power in normogastric (3.7 ± 0.5 vs 4.0 ± 0.5) and tachygastric (3.5 ± 0.4 vs 3.7 ± 0.4) regions, a lower percentage of time with normogastria [87.2 (56.5-100)% vs 95.7 (0-100)%], and a higher percentage of time with tachygastria [9.3 (0-33)% vs 3.5 (0-100)%] and bradygastria [1.8 (0-20)% vs 0 (0-17.1)%]. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome had a higher percentage of time with normogastria [96.5 (62.5-100)% vs 93.3 (0-100)%] and a less unstable dominant frequency as measured by the instability coefficient [15 (3-77) vs 24 (2-72)]. CONCLUSION: EGG and ADM seem to measure different aspects of gastric motor activity but cannot show a spatial correlation. The diagnostic value of EGG is poor, but EGG may have some value for the identification of patients with STC.

Off-label use of targeted therapies in oncology

Off-label use is defined by the prescription of a marketed drug outside the conditions described in the summary of product characteristics.In oncology,off-label prescribing of targeted therapies may occur in patients with other tumor types expressing the same target.Agents associated to phenotypic approaches such as therapies against the tumoral vasculature(anti-angiogenic drugs) and new immunotherapies(checkpoint inhibitors) also carry the potential of alternative indications or combinations.Off-label use of targeted therapies is little documented and appears to be in the same range than that regarding older drugs with wide variations among agents.When compared with older agents,off-label use of targeted therapies is probably more rational through tumoral genotyping but is faced with a limited clinical support,reimbursement challenges related to the very high pricing and the cost of genotyping or molecular profiling,when applicable.

The study of complex focussing acoustic field of a convex phased array probe used in ultrasonic diagnostic B-scanner

This paper reports a study of complex focussing acoustic fields of a convex phased array probe widely used in ultrasonic diagnostic B-scanner. The time delay necessary for electronic focussing and for geometric focussing of complex focussing is given. By means of Helmholtz's integral formula, the expressions of acoustic fields were obtained for the electronic focussing and complex focussing.With Simpson's numerical integral, a great deal of computations was carried out with an 86 / 330 computer. By means of using different parameters, an optimum focal range and beam width of a 4 sequences electronic and complex focussing acoustic system was selected. With an EUB-40 ultrasound diagnostic B-scanner produced by the Hitachi company, the lateral focussing acoustic field and lateral resolution in an echoic tank were photographed by latticing method and the experimental result is consistent with the theory.

Comparison of diagnostic value of TIRADS,BSRTC,BRAF^(V600E) mutation detection and their combined use in differentiating thyroid nodules

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficiency of the thyroid imaging reporting and data system(TIRADS),the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology(BSRTC)and BRAFV600Edetection,and their combined use in the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods One hundred

鸡传染性法氏囊病单抗快速诊断试剂盒的研制及初步应用

以感染传染性法氏囊病病毒 ( IBDV)的鸡法氏囊组织制备免疫抗原 ,免疫 BALB/c系小鼠 ,取其脾细胞与 NS0浆细胞进行细胞融合 ;以 AC-ELISA筛选阳性细胞克隆 ,经 3次有限稀释克隆化及鉴定 ,获得 2株识别 IBDV不同抗原决定簇的高亲和力单克隆抗体株。以该 2株单克隆抗体制备快速诊断试剂 ,组装了鸡传染性法氏囊病快速诊断试剂盒。该试剂盒由若干 4 0孔酶标板 ,1号酶标液 ( HRP标记 IBDV单抗 )、2号洗涤液、3号显色液 ( TMD显色底物 )、4号显色液 (供氢体 )等反应液 ,0 .0 1 mol/L PBS( p H7.2 )阴性对照、IBDV阳性对照 (提取的 IBDV蛋白 )组成 ,并对试剂盒特异性、敏感性、重复性及稳定性等进行了鉴定。应用该快速诊断试剂盒对来源于不同地区的临床诊断疑似 IBD的法氏囊病料各 2 0份进行了检测 ,并与琼扩试验、常规ELISA检测结果作了比较 ,结果表明 ,该快速诊断试剂盒的检测结果与常规 ELISA的检测结果相似 ,操作程序简便 ,可在 1 0～ 1 5min内完成 。

CA_(125)、CA_(199)及CA_(153)联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值

目的 :评价血清 CA12 5、CA199、CA153联合检测对肺癌诊断及分期的临床价值。方法 :用免疫放射分析法测定 72例不同类型及分期的肺癌患者 ,46例肺良性疾病患者及 38例健康体检者血清 CA12 5、CA199、CA153水平的变化。结果 :肺癌组血清 CA12 5、CA199、CA153水平均高于正常对照组及肺良性疾病患者 ,有显著性差异 ,且 TNM分期越晚 ,其水平越高。 3项肿瘤标志联合检测可提高敏感性及准确性。结论 :CA12 5、CA199、CA153联合检测可以为肺癌的诊断及分期提供有价值的实验室依据。

临床诊断试剂及其诊断方法研究进展

本文结合作者工作，综述了现代临床化学所用诊断试剂，以及诊断方法学研究的某些进展与发展趋向。内容包括：免疫层析诊断试条将替代ＥＬＩＳＡ法和点印渍法诊断药盒的理由；可在室温长期储存诊断试剂的玻璃化技术研究进展；单表位单抗能提高诊断试剂选择性的依据，以及广谱恶性肿瘤早期诊断试剂研制现状。

巨噬细胞抑制因子-1单克隆抗体的研制及血清检测系统的建立

目的研制巨噬细胞抑制因子-1(MIC-1)单克隆抗体并建立MIC-1血清检测方法。方法应用自主研制的MIC-1抗原免疫BALB/C雌鼠,通过杂交瘤技术获得分泌抗MIC-1单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,通过ELISA方法构建MIC-1血清检测体系并对性能进行鉴定。结果成功获得了32株抗MIC-1单克隆抗体,选用其中2株高亲和力单克隆抗体建立了双夹心ELISA MIC-1血清快速检测方法。性能鉴定结果表明所建立的方法线性关系良好(R2值大于0.999);试验内变异系数为5.15%,试验间变异系数为9.51%;平均回收率为98.9%;37℃保存3天和4℃保存6个月稳定性良好。结论所制备的MIC-1检测方法各项指标均达到SFDA相关要求,能够满足科学研究和临床检测的技术需要,并进入产业化程序。