Establishment of Monoclonal Antibody Competitive ELISA Using Monoclonal Antibody Against VP1 Protein of Asia 1 Type Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Using the purified VP1 protein of Asia 1 type foot-and-mouth disease virus as the antigen, the purified monoclonal antibody was labeled by the sodium periodate method and the monoclonal antibody competitive ELISA was established in this study. Ten positive porcine foot-and-mouth disease serums and more than two hundreds negative serum were tested, and the results were the same as the background of samples. The sensitivity test and replicate test indicated that this method was stable and sensitive, which was suitable for monitoring Asia 1 type porcine foot-and-mouth disease virus antibody.

Effects of monoclonal antibodies against human stathmin 1 combined paclitaxel on proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines

Objective： We investigated the effects of monoclonal antibodies against stathmin 1 combined paclitaxel on the proliferation of HCC cells. Methods： HepG2 cells were treated with monoclonal antibodies against stathmin 1, paclitaxel alone or their combination, with the untreated cells used as the control, 24, 48, 72, 96 h later, the cell growth condition was observed by invert microscope and inhabitation rate was studied by MTT assay; The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI. Results： The population decreased and shape, size changed after treating with different concentration of experimental groups. Monoclonal antibodies against stathmin 1 and paclitaxel used alone or in combination both inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, the inhibition ratio of their combination was more higher （P 〈 0.05）, and a synergistic effect of the two agents was noted in their combined action （P 〈 0.05）. Combined treatment of the cells resulted in significantly higher apoptosis rate than that in the other groups （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Monoclonal antibodies against stathmin 1 and paclitaxel used alone or in combination both can inhibit proliferation of HepG2 cells and induce apoptosis. A synergistic effect is obsewed between the monoclonal antibodies against stathmin 1 and paclitaxel in their inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation.

Current Status and Clinical Research Progress of Immunotherapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer

Advanced gastric cancer is a common digestive system tumor,and its treatment has always been a difficult problem.In recent years,with the rapid development of immunotherapy,the treatment effect of advanced gastric cancer has been significantly improved.This article introduces the current status and clinical research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer.Commonly used immunotherapy methods include chemical drug therapy,biological therapy,and gene therapy,among which the immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently one of the most popular immunotherapy methods,including nivolumab,pembrolizumab,and atezolizumab,which target programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)low expression(1%–49%)and PD-L1 high expression(≥50%).The results of clinical studies have shown that immunotherapy can significantly prolong the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer while having lower toxic side effects and better tolerance.However,immunotherapy also has some problems,such as drug resistance and repeated infection.Future research directions include exploring new immunotherapy methods,combination therapy,and individualized therapy.

CD38免疫靶向治疗在多发性骨髓瘤中的研究进展

CD38是单链跨膜Ⅱ型糖蛋白,可在意义未明的单克隆免疫球蛋白病（MGUS）、多发性骨髓瘤（MM）等恶性浆细胞肿瘤细胞中表达.抗CD38单克隆抗体是针对骨髓瘤细胞表面CD38分子的抗体,对于复发/难治性多发性性骨髓瘤（MM）治疗有效,其与蛋白酶体抑制剂或免疫调节剂联合能够进一步提高疗效.基于良好的耐受性和已被证实的确切疗效,2015年,抗CD38单克隆抗体daratumumab被批准用于复发/难治性MM患者的治疗.除作为单克隆抗体的靶点外,表面分子CD38也可以作为其他免疫治疗的靶点,如抗CD38免疫毒素和双特异性抗体、CD38特异性嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）等.笔者通过介绍CD38在正常组织和不同类型浆细胞肿瘤中的表达模式,阐述了CD38的生理作用及其在MM的病理生理学中的作用,并且对近期以CD38作为靶点的MM免疫靶向治疗方法的研究进展进行综述.

Elevated peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and decreased benefit of PD-1 antibody in advanced gastric cancer

Background Due to its limited efficacy and potential toxicity,anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is not suitable for all advanced gastric cancer(AGC)patients and predictive biomarkers identifying patients who can benefit from it are urgently needed.This study aimed to evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of inflammatory markers in the context of the systemic inflammatory status and tumour microenvironment.Methods The study included 58 patients from a prospective study investigating the safety and efficacy of toripalimab in chemorefractory AGC patients.Patient characteristics,treatment outcomes,and haematological parameters were analysed.Immune-cell infiltration and gene expression in tumour tissue were examined using transcriptome sequencing.Results In this cohort,the median follow-up time was 4.5 months,the median progression-free survival was 1.9 months,and the median overall survival(OS)was 4.8 months.The objective response rate was 12.1%and th disease control rate(DCR)was 39.7%.Both the baseline blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(bNLR)with a cut-point of 2.7 and the early elevated dynamic change of the bNLR(dNLR)with a cut-point of 1.5 were prognostic factors of survival.Patients in the high bNLR or dNLR group had remarkably poor DCR(25.8%vs 59.1%,P=0.023;15.8%vs 54.6%,P=0.008).In multivariate analysis,bNLR and tumour mutational burden were independent prognostic factors of OS.Tumour RNA-seq analysis revealed enriched neutrophil infiltration and a higher tumour NLR in the bNLR-high group.Corresponding tumour gene-expression profiles were associated with neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory cytokine aggregation.Conclusions Our study demonstrated the potential clinical utility of NLR as a biomarker for patient selection and clinical management in predicting the prognosis of AGC patients as well as response to anti-PD-1 therapy.In addition,high bNLR reflected the imbalance of tumour-tissue-infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes,and was associated with an immunosuppressive and pro-tumour microenvironment.