Progress on traditional Chinese medicine in improving hepatic fibrosis through inhibiting oxidative stress

Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathological process that occurs in the development of various chronic liver diseases into cirrhosis and liver cancer,characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix.In the past,hepatic fibrosis was thought to be a static and irreversible pathological process.In recent years,with the rapid development of molecular biology and the continuous in-depth study of the liver at the microscopic level,more and more evidence has shown that hepatic fibrosis is a dynamic and reversible process.Therefore,it is particularly important to find an effective,simple,and inexpensive method for its prevention and treatment.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)occupies an important position in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to its advantages of low adverse reactions,low cost,and multi-target effectiveness.A large number of research results have shown that TCM monomers,single herbal extracts,and TCM formulas play important roles in the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis.Oxidative stress(OS)is one of the key factors in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis.Therefore,this article reviews the progress in the understanding of the mechanisms of TCM monomers,single herbal extracts,and TCM formulas in preventing and treating hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting OS in recent years,in order to provide a reference and basis for drug therapy of hepatic fibrosis.

Study progress in therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine monomer in severe acute pancreatitis

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a common acute abdomen clinical problem characterized by high mortality, mul-tiple complications, complicated pathogenesis and difficult treatment. Recent studies found traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers have markedly good effect for treating SAP. Many TCM monomers can inhibit pancreatin, resist inflammation, im-prove microcirculation and immunoloregulation, etc. to block the pathological progress of SAP in multiple ways, reduce com-plications and lower mortality with rapid effects. It is significant for enhancing SAP treatment to deeply understand the current situation in TCM monomers for treating SAP and take precious references therein. This article summarizes the treating effects and mechanisms of TCM monomers for SAP in recent years.

Ultrasonic Nebulization Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Volatile Components in Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine

The ultrasonic nebulization extraction（UNE） was developed and applied to the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine Xiaoyao Pills. Several parameters of ultrasonic nebulization extraction including the sample particle size, solvent volume, extraction time and ultrasonic power were studied and selected. As a result, 2.4 g of sample with particle size of 80 mesh was extracted with 15 mL of n-hexane for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 35 W. The volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） under the optimal conditions and 57 compounds were identified. The precision, repeatability and stability of the proposed method were also studied. Compared with ultrasonic-assisted extraction（UAE） and hydrodistillation（HD） extraction, the proposed method is more efficient, faster and easier to be operated at room temperature with smaller sample and energy consumption. It is suggested that the ultrasonic nebulization extraction can be used as a novel alternative method for the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine.

Screening of traditional Chinese medicine monomers as ribonucleotide reductase M2 inhibitors for tumor treatment

BACKGROUND Ribonucleotide reductase(RR)is a key enzyme in tumor proliferation,especially its subunit-RRM2.Although there are multiple therapeutics for tumors,they all have certain limitations.Given their advantages,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers have become an important source of anti-tumor drugs.Therefore,screening and analysis of TCM monomers with RRM2 inhibition can provide a reference for further anti-tumor drug development.AIM To screen and analyze potential anti-tumor TCM monomers with a good binding capacity to RRM2.METHODS The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database was used to analyze the level of RRM2 gene expression in normal and tumor tissues as well as RRM2's effect on the overall survival rate of tumor patients.TCM monomers that potentially act on RRM2 were screened via literature mining.Using AutoDock software,the screened monomers were docked with the RRM2 protein.RESULTS The expression of RRM2 mRNA in multiple tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues,and it was negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of patients with the majority of tumor types.Through literature mining,we discovered that berberine,ursolic acid,gambogic acid,cinobufagin,quercetin,daphnetin,and osalmide have inhibitory effects on RRM2.The results of molecular docking identified that the above TCM monomers have a strong binding capacity with RRM2 protein,which mainly interacted through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force.The main binding sites were Arg330,Tyr323,Ser263,and Met350.CONCLUSION RRM2 is an important tumor therapeutic target.The TCM monomers screened have a good binding capacity with the RRM2 protein.

Research progress on the regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway in the treatment of prostate cancer by traditional Chinese medicine monomers

The prevalence of prostate cancer in males worldwide is increasing every year.Androgen and androgen receptor drive the development of prostate cancer and are important targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.A growing number of reports indicate that the traditional Chinese medicine has a clear advantage in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.This article provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies of different traditional Chinese medicine monomers acting on the androgen receptor-signaling pathway in prostate cancer.

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in intervening colorectal cancer by regulating MAPK signaling pathway

The incidence rate and mortality rate of colorectal cancer in China are increasing year by year.Finding effective therapeutic strategies and interventions,especially exploring“highly effective and low toxic”drugs to prevent“inflammation-cancer”transformation,treat primary tumors,prevent tumor metastasis and reduce the toxicity and increase efficiency of existing therapies has become a hot topic of domestic and foreign scholars.The advantage of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer is to reduce the postoperative recurrence rate,improve patients’symptoms and the quality of life of“tumor survivors”and prolong the survival time.This paper summarizes the tumor treatment strategies and research prospects of traditional Chinese medicine targeting mitogen activated protein kinase by sorting out the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine extracts or effective components intervening colorectal cancer by regulating mitogen activated protein kinase signal pathway in tumor cells in recent years.

Applications of HPLC/MS in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicines

In China, traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） have been used in clinical applications for thousands of years. The successful hyphenation of high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and mass spectrometry （MS） has been applied widely in TCMs and biological samples analysis. Undoubtedly, HPLC/MS technique has facilitated the understanding of the treatment mechanism of TCMs. We reviewed more than 350 published papers within the last 5 years on HPLC/MS in the analysis of TCMs. The present review focused on the applications of HPLC/MS in the component analysis, metabolites analysis, and pharmacokinetics of TCMs etc. 50% of the literature is related to the component analysis of TCMs, which show that this field is the most popular type of research. In the metabolites analysis, HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry has been demonstrated to be the powerful tool for the characterization of structural features and fragmentation behavior patterns. This paper presented a brief overview of the applications of HPLC/MS in the analysis of TCMs. HPLC/MS in the fingerprint analysis is reviewed elsewhere.

Gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern Chinese medicine

isTraditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a highly complex chemical substance system,which not only reflected in the complexity of the chemical components and their interrelationships,but also in the intricacy of the prescription’s connection with the human body.Component compatibility strategy has been proposed for developing modern TCM since 2005 and established comprehensive relevant technologies and research approaches.Moreover,to meet the safety and efficacy of current pharmaceuticals,research on fixed-dose combination drugs is directed by modern scientific theories,conforms to TCM compatibility principles and clarifies material basis and pharmacological mechanisms and component-effect correlations.This review summarized gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern TCM research and assessed their advantages and disadvantages in light of contemporary drug combination research practices.

Herbal medicine-derived nanovesicles: basic characteristics and biological activities

Herbal medicine(HM)has been extensively researched and widely used since ancient times.Currently,as one of the emerging directions in HM modernization research,herbal medicine-derived nanovesicles(HMDNV),a type of nanoparticle obtained from destructed plant tissues,hold considerable promise for disease treatment and drug delivery.The recent studies related to HMDNV and miRNAs are summarized in this review,with a special emphasis on their basic characteristics and biological activities,to provide ideas for future scientific research on HMDNV and enrich the content of active components of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).

中医药治疗卵巢癌的机制研究进展

卵巢癌具有难检测、难治疗、复发率高等临床特点,是致死率最高的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。早期症状隐匿,发现时多已进展至晚期,手术后铂类药物化疗是目前的主要治疗手段,但长期使用会产生耐药性,且不良反应极多。近年来,随着中医学的不断进步和发展,中药已成为目前抗卵巢癌研究的热点。笔者在国内外数据库中检索相关研究论文,发现中药具有抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖、促进细胞凋亡、逆转耐药性等作用机制,主要作用在PI3K/Akt/mTOR、Wnt/β-catenin、Notch、NF-κB、MAPK信号通路。

银屑病相关信号通路的中药调控研究进展

银屑病作为慢性炎症性皮肤病,其病因病机复杂,难以根治。银屑病发病过程是受多条信号转导通路调控的复杂进程,而中药具有多生物活性成分、多靶点、多通路协同的作用优势,能够通过多途径影响银屑病人类永生化角质形成细胞(HaCaT)的增殖,细胞凋亡及分化过程,发挥抗炎、抗氧化作用,达到防治银屑病的目的。文章通过对中药单体和复方干预银屑病相关国内外文献进行查阅,重点整理中药单体及复方调控有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)、核因子kappa B(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)、Janus激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子(janus kinase/signal transduction and transcriptional activator protein,JAK-STAT)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、Wnt/β连环蛋白(β-catenin)、Notch等信号通路防治银屑病的相关研究进行综述,以期为进一步深入研究和临床应用中药防治银屑病提供新的思路。

中药单体川楝素介导hsa-circ-0025583/hsa-miR-671-5p/SYNGR2轴调控乳腺癌生长的分子机制研究

目的 探究中药单体川楝素介导的hsa-circ-0025583/hsa-miR-671-5p/SYNGR2轴调控乳腺癌生长的分子机制。方法 选取南通第三人民医院乳腺外科于2020年4月—2022年4月收治的乳腺癌患者40例为研究对象,患者均在医院进行手术,取患者乳腺癌及癌旁组织作为实验材料,采用定量荧光聚合酶链反应(quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)对其hsa-circ-0025583及SYNGR2的表达水平进行测定;取乳腺癌细胞株T47D细胞,加入不同浓度的川楝素,比较不同浓度川楝素对细胞增殖的抑制率;对所选乳腺癌细胞株系进行预处理,A组不进行特殊处理,B组中加入0.5μmol/L的川楝素,C组对乳腺癌细胞进行转染,敲除hsa-miR-671-5p,并向其中加入0.5μmol/L的川楝素,比较其hsa-circ-0025583及SYNGR2的表达水平,上述实验重复3次。结果 与正常癌旁组织相比较,乳腺癌组织中提取的hsa-circ-0025583及SYNGR2 mRNA表达水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。hsa-circ-0025583及SYNGR2 mRNA在乳腺癌组织中均低表达,具有正相关性(r=0.965,P<0.05)。随着川楝素浓度的升高,乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制率逐渐升高,且与0μmol/L浓度组比较均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对数据进行处理,得出乳腺癌细胞在24 h及48 h的半数抑制浓度分别为0.78μmol/L、0.49μmol/L。与A、C组相比较,B组的hsa-circ-0025583及SYNGR2 mRNA的表达水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但A、C组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与A、C组相比较,B组24 h及48 h侵袭细胞数量明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但A、C组间侵袭细胞数量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 川楝素通过介导hsa-circ-0025583/hsa-miR-671-5p/SYNGR2轴调控hsa-circ-0025583及SYNGR2水平,进而影响乳腺癌细胞的增殖及侵袭能力,抑制乳腺癌细胞的生长。

中药单体靶向mTOR治疗肺癌的研究进展

综述中药单体靶向哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)治疗肺癌的研究进展。mTOR是一种重要的细胞信号通路,参与调控细胞生长、增殖和存活等过程;在肺癌中,mTOR信号通路的异常活化与肿瘤的发生和发展密切相关。研究发现,许多中药单体成分(萜类、黄酮类、生物碱类、多酚类、醌类等)具有抑制mTOR信号通路的作用,为开发肺癌新药提供了前期基础。

基于主成分分析法优选半夏散剂粒度范围

目的:探究天南星科植物半夏生品及炮制品的中药散剂粒度对药材质量的影响,并优选出最佳粒度工艺。方法:首先对不同粒度的半夏生品及炮制品散剂中多个活性成分(尿嘧啶、次黄嘌呤、黄嘌呤、尿苷、鸟苷)含量进行检测,再利用主成分分析法对检测数据进行处理,计算不同散剂的综合评价指标值,并构建回归模型,通过模型函数优选出不同散剂的最佳粒度。结果:通过分析最终得到的最优散剂粒度为:生半夏散过6号药典筛、市售炮制品过7号药典筛、自制炮制品过9号药典筛。结论:本实验方法可靠,以粒度作为因素,结合成分含量数据基于主成分分析法可作为中药散剂的质量评价标准。

正交偏最小二乘法探析大承气汤治疗急性胰腺炎多成分多药效关系

目的/意义分析大承气汤治疗急性胰腺炎实验数据,证实多成分多药效关系。方法/过程运用正交偏最小二乘法,分别探析配伍药味、煎煮液的药物成分、血液的药物成分与药效指标的关系。结果/结论配伍药味与药效指标之间、煎煮液的药物成分与药效指标之间、血液的药物成分与药效指标之间均存在一对多、多对一、多对多的作用关系。实验分析结果表明大承气汤治疗急性胰腺炎呈现多成分多药效的特点。

早期高血压弦脉脉象特点及其瞬时波强技术参数特征分析

目的:应用瞬时波强(WI)技术探测早期高血压弦脉患者颈总动脉各参数,分析早期高血压弦脉的脉象特点;提取弦脉脉象判别的特征参数,探讨早期高血压弦脉患者颈总动脉WI参数的特点,以期为弦脉的精准分型及信息解读提供客观依据。方法:选择52例早期原发性高血压弦脉、50例生理性弦脉、50例平脉受试者,分析其颈总动脉的WI参数,总结早期高血压弦脉的脉象特点,并运用SIMCA14.1统计软件提取脉象分型的主参数。结果:早期高血压弦脉组与平脉组及生理性弦脉组比较,瞬时加速度波强(W1)、负向波面积(NA)值增高,W1-W2间期降低(均P<0.01);而平脉组与生理性弦脉组W1、NA、W1-W2间期比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。平脉组、生理性弦脉组、早期高血压弦脉组的血管压力应变弹性模量(EP)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV)、血管硬化参数(β)数值均逐渐增高(均P<0.01)。平脉组血管顺应性(AC)高于其他2组(均P<0.01),生理性弦脉组AC高于早期高血压弦脉组(P<0.05)。3组R-W1间期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。基于主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA),生理性弦脉组与平脉组样本区分明显,表明2组WI各参数比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),特征性的WI参数[投影重要性(VIP值)>1]为EP、PWV、β、AC,其中贡献率为EP>PWV>β>AC。基于PCA和OPLS-DA,生理性弦脉组与早期高血压弦脉组样本区分明显,表明2组WI各参数差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),特征性的WI参数(VIP值>1)为EP、PWV、NA、W1、β,其中贡献率为EP>PWV>NA>W1>β。结论:区分早期高血压弦脉组与生理性弦脉组的WI特征性参数为EP、PWV、β、NA、W1。区分平脉组与生理性弦脉组特征性参数为EP、PWV、β、AC。WI技术可为脉象的精准分型和信息解读提供客观依据,值得进一步推广应用。

中药功效成分在化妆品中的应用

中药成分来源较广、功效多样且副作用小,使其在化妆品领域具有巨大的发展潜力。介绍了常见皮肤问题的修复方式和作用机制,综述了近年来国内外学者对黄酮类、多糖类、萜类等常见中药有效成分的研究进展。最后总结了我国中药在化妆品领域现存的问题并给出相应的改进建议,并对今后中药在化妆品中的发展与进步做出了展望。

病毒性肺炎中药网络药理学初探

病毒性肺炎对全球人民的身体健康构成了极大威胁,中医药在其治疗过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用,目前从分子层面上的作用机制尚不明确。文章聚焦于病毒性肺炎的病症特点及其治疗,探讨中药潜力与网络药理学应用;介绍病毒性肺炎的基本概况、流行病学特征及病理机制;评述中药发展历史和现代研究进展;进一步强调网络药理学在解析中药成分作用机制方面的新视角;结合网络药理学的病毒性肺炎中药研究现状、挑战和未来方向进行概述,旨在推动传统中医药与现代科技整合,创新病毒性肺炎治疗方法。

GC-MS分析大莪术根茎挥发油成分

文章分析了大莪术根茎挥发性成分,并探究不同加工方法对其成分的影响,为大莪术的加工工艺筛选和进一步的研究开发提供实验依据。利用冷冻干燥和真空干燥处理新鲜的大莪术根茎样品,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取大莪术挥发油,应用GC毛细管柱进行分离、质谱检测、面积归一化法测定相对含量,分析其挥发性化学成分。由于不同干燥方法加工大莪术根茎挥发油的组分绝大部分相同,但是相对含量存在一定差异。实验证明,大莪术根茎主要含有表莪术呋喃烯酮、β-榄香烯、β-桉叶醇、吉马酮、莪术双环烯酮、蓬莪术环氧酮、莪术烯、β-石竹烯等挥发性成分,均具有一定的生理活性,具有广泛的开发前景。

中药单体调控宫颈癌信号通路的研究进展

宫颈癌是严重威胁女性身体健康的常见恶性肿瘤。现代医学常采用手术、放疗、化疗等治疗方法,取得较好的临床疗效,但肿瘤复发和转移仍然是宫颈癌患者死亡的主要原因。中医药发展历史悠久,中药复方、中成药、中药注射液等在肿瘤治疗中疗效显著。中药单体是源自于中药的有效提取物,在抗肿瘤方面发挥着重要作用。其中黄芩素、茯苓酸等可以通过抑制分泌型糖蛋白/β-链蛋白(Wnt/β-catenin)通路活性抑制宫颈癌细胞生长;紫草素、青蒿素等抗肿瘤的作用机制与调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素哺乳靶蛋白(Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin,PI3K/Akt/mTOR)相关;姜黄素、人参皂苷等可以通过调控核转录因子-κB(p-nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路抑制细胞增殖;牡荆素、白藜芦醇等可以上调p53蛋白表达发挥其抑癌作用;常春藤皂苷元、五味子乙素等可以抑制转录激活因子3(Recombinant signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)信号通路活性;柚皮素、半枝莲多糖可以上调腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)表达;而神经源性位点缺口同源蛋白(Notch)信号通路在宫颈癌发生中的作用机制具有争议。斑蝥素、黄芩素等中药单体可以调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路;土槿皮乙酸、去氢骆驼蓬碱可以抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/糖原合酶激酶-3β(Phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3,PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β)信号通路;虫草素、桔梗皂苷-D具有调控Hippo信号的作用;黄芩素、白藜芦醇抗宫颈癌作用机制则与Hedgehog信号有关。目前,关于中药单体调控宫颈癌信号通路的研究众多,但缺乏系统总结。本研究通过总结中药单体调控宫颈癌相关信号通路,以期为中药单体在宫颈癌中的广泛应用提供指导,为中医药防治宫颈癌提供新的药物靶点。